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ASTM D2880-03

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils

Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the selection of fuels for gas turbines, excepting gas turbines used in aircraft, for the guidance of interested parties such as turbine manufacturers and the suppliers and purchasers of fuel oils. The specification sets forth the properties of fuels at the time and place of custody transfer to the user. The fuels shall be homogeneous mixtures of hydrocarbon oils free of inorganic acid, and free of excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter likely to make frequent cleaning of suitable strainers necessary. All grades containing residual components shall remain homogeneous in normal storage and not separated by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The following test methods shall be performed to determine certain properties: flash point test, pour point test, water and sediment test, carbon residue test, ash test, distillation test, viscosity test, density test, and sulfur test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the selection of fuels for gas turbines, excepting gas turbines used in aircraft, for the guidance of interested parties such as turbine manufacturers and the suppliers and purchasers of fuel oils. The specification sets forth the properties of fuels at the time and place of custody transfer to the user.
1.2 Three appendixes are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute a requirement of this specification unless mutually agreed upon between the interested parties.
1.2.1 Appendix X1 describes the five grades of gas turbine fuels covered by this specification. Further, it states the significance of various test methods used in inspecting the fuels.
1.2.2 Appendix X2 discusses the sources of fuel contaminants and notes the significance of such contaminants in the operation of gas turbines and gas turbine fuel systems. The particular significance of trace metals in gas turbine fuels is noted. Upper limits of trace metals are recommended for the various grades of gas turbine fuels, but these recommended limits do not constitute a requirement of the specification unless mutually agreed upon by the interested parties. Limitations due to the use of used or recycled oil are also noted.
Note 1—The gas turbine operator should consult Practice D 4418 for methods of ensuring fuels of adequate cleanliness and for guidance on long-term storage of distillate fuels and on liquids from non-petroleum sources as gas turbine.
Note 2—Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
Note 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate gas turbine fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2003
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2880-00 - Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D2880-03(2010) - Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7451-21 - Standard Test Method for Water Separation Properties of Light and Middle Distillate, and Compression and Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D975-23 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7827-19 - Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene from Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Device
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7157-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Intrinsic Stability of Asphaltene-Containing Residues, Heavy Fuel Oils, and Crude Oils (<emph type="ital">n</emph >-Heptane Phase Separation; Optical Detection)
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7111-16(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Middle Distillate Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7619-22 - Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6217-21 - Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory Filtration<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6756-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Red Dye Concentration and Estimation of the ASTM Color of Diesel Fuel and Heating Oil Using a Portable Visible Spectrophotometer
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7112-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining Stability and Compatibility of Heavy Fuel Oils and Crude Oils by Heavy Fuel Oil Stability Analyzer (Optical Detection)
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6728-16(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Contaminants in Gas Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6426-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining Filterability of Middle Distillate Fuel Oils
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4625-21 - Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6748-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Potential Instability of Middle Distillate Fuels Caused by the Presence of Phenalenes and Phenalenones (Rapid Method by Portable Spectrophotometer)
Effective Date
10-May-2003

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ASTM D2880-03 - Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2880 – 03
Standard Specification for
1
Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2880; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers the selection of fuels for gas 2.1 ASTM Standards:
turbines, excepting gas turbines used in aircraft, for the D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
guidance of interested parties such as turbine manufacturers D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
and the suppliers and purchasers of fuel oils. The specification Atmospheric Pressure
sets forth the properties of fuels at the time and place of D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
custody transfer to the user. Closed Cup Tester
1.2 Three appendixes are provided for informational pur- D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
poses only and do not constitute a requirement of this specifi- D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
cation unless mutually agreed upon between the interested eral Bomb Method)
parties. D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
1.2.1 Appendix X1 describes the five grades of gas turbine D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
fuels covered by this specification. Further, it states the and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
significance of various test methods used in inspecting the ity)
fuels. D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
1.2.2 Appendix X2 discusses the sources of fuel contami- D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
nants and notes the significance of such contaminants in the Petroleum Products
operation of gas turbines and gas turbine fuel systems. The D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
particular significance of trace metals in gas turbine fuels is D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
noted. Upper limits of trace metals are recommended for the (Lamp Method)
various grades of gas turbine fuels, but these recommended D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
limits do not constitute a requirement of the specification Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
unless mutually agreed upon by the interested parties. Limita- Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
tions due to the use of used or recycled oil are also noted. D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
(High-Temperature Method)
NOTE 1—The gas turbine operator should consult Practice D4418 for
D1796 Test Method forWater and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
methods of ensuring fuels of adequate cleanliness and for guidance on
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
long-term storage of distillate fuels and on liquids from non-petroleum
sources as gas turbine. D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
NOTE 2—Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
problems in the handling of distillate gas turbine fuel oils. For more
D3605 Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels
information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectroscopy
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D2880–00. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2880-03. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2880 – 03
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed 4.2 All grades containing residual components shall remain
Cup Tester homogeneous in normal storage and not separated by gravity
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API intolightandheavyoilcomponentsoutsidetheviscositylimits
Gravity of Liqu
...

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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
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External Oil System  
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Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
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Oil Analyses  
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Annex A9  
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
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5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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