ASTM E10-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This test method (Test Method A) covers the determination of the Brinell hardness of metallic materials, including methods for the verification of Brinell hardness testing machines (Test Method B) and the calibration of standardized hardness test blocks (Test Method C).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Note 1 - In common terminology, the equivalent force in kgf is substituted for N.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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American Association State Highway
Designation:E10–07 and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T70–86
Standard Test Method for
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Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE10;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 Brinell hardness number—anumber,whichispropor-
tional to the quotient obtained by dividing the test force by the
1.1 This test method (Test Method A) covers the determi-
curved surface area of the indentation which is assumed to be
nation of the Brinell hardness of metallic materials, including
spherical and of the diameter of the ball.
methods for the verification of Brinell hardness testing ma-
chines (Test Method B) and the calibration of standardized 2F
HBW 50.102 3 ~SeeTable1! (1)
2 2
hardness test blocks (Test Method C).
pD~D 2 =D 2d !
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
where:
standard.
D = diameter of the ball, mm,
NOTE 1—In common terminology, the equivalent force in kgf is
F = test force, N, and
substituted for N.
d = mean diameter of the indentation, mm.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
The Brinell hardness is denoted by the symbol: HBW.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In former standards, a steel ball was
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
allowed for hardness values below 450. In cases when a steel
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ballwasused,theBrinellhardnesswasdenotedbyHBorHBS.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—The symbol HBW is preceded by the
hardness value. When conditions other than those specified in
2. Referenced Documents
11.1.2 are used, the hardness value is supplemented by an
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
index indicating the test conditions in the order:
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
(1) Diameter of the ball, in mm,
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
(2) A value representing the test force in kg/f (see Table 3), and,
Determine Conformance with Specifications
(3) Duration of loading, in s.
E74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instru-
Examples:
ments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Ma-
350 HBW 5/750 = Brinell hardness of 350 determined with a ball of 5-mm
diameter and with a test force of 7.355 kN (750 kgf) applied for 10 to 15 s.
chines
600 HBW 1/30/20 = Brinell hardness of 600 determined with a ball of 1-mm
E140 HardnessConversionTablesforMetalsRelationship
diameter and with a test force of 294.2 N (30 kgf) applied for 20 s.
Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
3.1.1.3 Discussion—Brinellhardnessnumbersvarywiththe
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and
test force used; however, test results will generally be in
Scleroscope Hardness
agreement when the ratio of the test force to the square of the
ball diameter is held constant (see Table 3).
3. Terminology
3.1.1.4 Discussion—Table 2 lists the Brinell hardness num-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bers corresponding to various diameters of indentations for
29.4kN(3000kgf),14.7kN(1500kgf),and4.90kN(500kgf)
test forces making it unnecessary to calculate for each test the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
value of the Brinell hardness number by the above equation in
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.06 on
Table1whentheseforcesareusedwitha10-mmdiameterball.
Indentation Hardness Testing.
3.1.2 Brinell hardness test—an indenter (tungsten carbide
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Originally
e1
approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E10–01 .
ball with diameter D) is forced into the surface of a test piece
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and the diameter of the indentation d left in the surface after
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
removalofthetestforce,F,ismeasured.(seeTable1andFigs.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 1 and 2.)
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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E10–07
TABLE 1 Symbols and Designations
physical characteristics of the whole part or en
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