ASTM A232/A232M-05(2011)e1

Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the highest quality of round chromium-vanadium alloy steel wires for manufacture of valve springs and other springs with high-fatigue properties under moderately elevated temperatures. The wires shall be annealed, cold-drawn, or oil-tempered. The material shall conform to specified carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, and vanadium contents. Guidelines for mechanical testing are given. Values for tensile requirements are provided. Material decarburization shall be examined. Attention is also given to workmanship, finish, and appearance of the product, and as well as its inspection, rejection, rehearing, and certification. Packaging, marking, and loading for shipment is also described.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2011
• ICS: 77.140.25 - Spring steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.03 - Steel Rod and Wire

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A232/A232M-05 - Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM A232/A232M-18 - Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A1000/A1000M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation:A232/A232M −05 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Specification for
Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA232/A232M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—Units were re-ordered editorially throughout in July 2011.
1. Scope* 2.3 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round
chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire, uniform in 2.4 Military Standard:
quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve MIL-STD-163Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties ment and Storage
whenusedatmoderatelyelevatedtemperatures.Thiswireshall 5
2.5 AIAG Standard:
be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered
AIAG B-502.00 Primary Metals IdentificationTagApplica-
condition as specified by the purchaser.
tion Standard
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3. Ordering Information
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
include the following information for each ordered item:
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.1 Quantity (mass),
with the standard.
3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-vanadium alloy steel
valve spring quality wire),
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 8),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
3.1.5 Packaging (Section 14),
of Steel Products
3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),
A700Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-
3.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-
ods for Steel Products for Shipment
tion 13), and
A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
3.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.
cal Analysis of Steel Products
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: For inch-pound
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
units,40000lboil-temperedchromium-vanadiumalloysteelvalvespring
Determine Conformance with Specifications
quality wire, size 0.250 in. in 350-lb coils to ASTM A232/A232M dated
______;orforSIunits,20000kgoil-temperedchromium-vanadiumalloy
2.2 ANSI Standard:
steel valve spring quality wire, size 6.00 mm in 150 kg coils to ASTM
B32.4PreferredMetricSizesforRound,Square,Rectangle,
A232/A232M dated _______.
and Hexagon Metal Products
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
steel making process. The steel shall be continuously cast.
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
4.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2011.PublishedJuly2011.Originallyapproved
and undue segregation.
in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A232/A232M–05. DOI:
10.1520/A0232_A0232M-05R11E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
the ASTM website. Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.
3 5
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Available fromAutomotive IndustryAction Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48034.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
A232/A232M−05 (2011)
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
SI Units
Product
Analysis, % Analysis
Reduction
B
Tolerance, %
Diameter, mm MPa, min MPa, max of Area,
min, %
Carbon 0.48–0.53 ±0.02
C
Manganese 0.70–0.90 ±0.03
0.50 2060 2260
C
Phosphorus 0.020 max +0.005
0.55 2050 2240
C
Sulfur 0.035 max +0.005
0.60 2030 2220
C
Silicon 0.15–0.35 ±0.02
0.65 2010 2200
C
Chromium 0.80–1.10 ±0.05
0.70 2000 2160
C
Vanadium 0.15 min −0.01
0.80 1980 2140
C
0.90 1960 2120
C
1.00 1940 2100
C
1.10 1920 2080
C
1.20 1900 2060
C
1.40 1860 2020
When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser and
C
1.60 1820 1980
C
shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.
1.80 1800 1960
C
2.00 1780 1930
C 5.3 Product Analysis—An analysis may be made by the
2.20 1750 1900
2.50 1720 1860 45 purchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel.
2.80 1680 1830 45
The average of all the separate determinations made shall be
3.00 1660 1800 45
within the limits specified in the analysis column. Individual
3.50 1620 1760 45
4.00 1580 1720 40 determinations may vary to the extent shown in the product
4.50 1560 1680 40
analysis tolerance column, except that the several determina-
5.00 1520 1640 40
tions of a single element in any one heat shall not vary both
5.50 1480 1620 40
6.00 1460 1600 40 above and below the specified range.
6.50 1440 1580 40
5.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, and
7.00 1420 1560 40
8.00 1400 1540 40
Terminology A751 shall be used.
9.00 1380 1520 40
10.00 1360 1500 40
6. Mechanical Properties
11.00 1340 1480 40
12.00 1320 1460 40
6.1 Annealed and Cold-Drawn—When purchased in the
annealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have been
Inch-Pound Units
given a sufficient amount of cold working to meet the purchas-
Reduction
er’scoilingrequirementsandshallbeinasuitableconditionto
Diameter, in. ksi, min ksi, max of Area,
min, % respond properly to heat treatment. In special cases the
C
0.020 300 325
hardness, if desired, shall be stated in the purchase order.
C
0.032 290 315
C
0.041 280 305
6.2 Oil Tempered—When purchased in the oil-tempered
C
0.054 270 295
condition, the tensile strength and minimum percent reduction
C
0.062 265 290
C
ofarea,sizes0.105in.[2.50mm]andcoarser,ofthewireshall
0.080 255 275
0.105 245 265 45
conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
0.135 235 255 45
6.2.1 NumberofTests—Onetestspecimenshallbetakenfor
0.162 225 245 40
eachfivecoils,orfractionthereof,inalot.Eachheatinagiven
0.192 220 240 40
0.244 210 230 40 lot shall be tested.
0.283 205 225 40
6.2.2 LocationofTests—Testspecimensshallbetakenfrom
0.312 203 223 40
either end of the coil.
0.375 200 220 40
0.438 195 215 40
6.2.3 Test Method—The tension test shall be made in
0.500 190 210 40
accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
A
Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.
B
6.3 Wrap Test:
Preferred sizes. For a complete list, refer to ANSI B32.4.
C
The reduction of area test is not applicable to wire diameters under 0.092 in.
6.3.1 Oil-tempered or cold-drawn wire 0.162 in. [4.00 mm]
[2.34 mm].
andsmallerindiametershallwindonitselfasanarborwithout
breakage. Larger diameter wire up to and including 0.312 in.
[8.00 mm] in diameter shall wrap without breakage on a
mandrel twice the wire diameter. The wrap test is not appli-
cable to wire over 0.312 in. [8.00 mm] in diameter.
5. Chemical Composition
6.3.2 NumberofTests—Onetestspecimenshallbetakenfor
5.1 Thesteelshallconformtotherequirementsforchemical
eachfivecoils,orfractionthereof,inalot.Eachheatinagiven
composition specified in Table 2.
lot shall be tested.
5.2 Heat Analysis—Each heat of steel shall be analyzed by 6.3.3 Location of Test—Test specimens shall be taken from
the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements either end of the coil.
prescribed in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a test 6.3.4 Test Method—The wrap test shall be made in accor-
specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat. dance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:A232/A232M–05 Designation: A232/A232M – 05 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Specification for
Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA232/A232M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—Units were re-ordered editorially throughout in July 2011.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire, uniform in quality
and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at
moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified
by the purchaser.
1.2The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independent of the other.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 ANSI Standard:
B 32.4 Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products
2.3 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2.4 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Shipment and Storage
2.5 AIAG Standard:
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application Standard
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following information for each ordered item:
3.1.1 Quantity (mass),
3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring quality wire),
3.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 8),
3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),
3.1.5 Packaging (Section 14),
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA1.03
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved MarchJuly 1, 2005.2011. Published March 2005.July 2011. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 19992005 as
A232/A232M–99.A232/A232M – 05. DOI: 10.1520/A0232_A0232M-05R11E01.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48034.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
A232/A232M – 05 (2011)
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements
SI Units
Reduction
B
Diameter, mm MPa, min MPa, max of Area,
min, %
C
0.50 2060 2260
C
0.55 2050 2240
C
0.60 2030 2220
C
0.65 2010 2200
C
0.70 2000 2160
C
0.80 1980 2140
C
0.90 1960 2120
C
1.00 1940 2100
C
1.10 1920 2080
C
1.20 1900 2060
C
1.40 1860 2020
C
1.60 1820 1980
C
1.80 1800 1960
C
2.00 1780 1930
C
2.20 1750 1900
2.50 1720 1860 45
2.80 1680 1830 45
3.00 1660 1800 45
3.50 1620 1760 45
4.00 1580 1720 40
4.50 1560 1680 40
5.00 1520 1640 40
5.50 1480 1620 40
6.00 1460 1600 40
6.50 1440 1580 40
7.00 1420 1560 40
8.00 1400 1540 40
9.00 1380 1520 40
10.00 1360 1500 40
11.00 1340 1480 40
12.00 1320 1460 40
Inch-Pound Units
Reduction
Diameter, in. ksi, min ksi, max of Area,
min, %
C
0.020 300 325
C
0.032 290 315
C
0.041 280 305
C
0.054 270 295
C
0.062 265 290
C
0.080 255 275
0.105 245 265 45
0.135 235 255 45
0.162 225 245 40
0.192 220 240 40
0.244 210 230 40
0.283 205 225 40
0.312 203 223 40
0.375 200 220 40
0.438 195 215 40
0.500 190 210 40
A
Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.
B
Preferred sizes. For a complete list, refer to ANSI B32.4.
C
The reduction of area test is not applicable to wire diameters under 0.092 in.
[2.34 mm].
3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),
3.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Section 13), and
3.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20000 kg For inch-pound units, 40 000 lb oil-tempered chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve
spring quality wire, size 6.00 mm0.250 in. in 150 kg 350-lb coils to ASTM A232/A232M dated _______,______; or for inch-poundSI units, 40000
lb20 000 kg oil-tempered chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring quality wire, size 0.250 in.6.00 mm in 350-lb 150 kg coils toASTMA232/A232M
dated _______.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1The4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted steel making process. The steel shall be continuously cast.
´1
A232/A232M – 05 (2011)
4.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe and undue segregation.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition specified in Table 2.
5.2 HeatAnalysis—Each heat of steel shall be analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements prescribed
in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a test specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat. When requested, this
shall be reported to the purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.
5.3 Product Analysis—An analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel. The
average of all the separate determinations made shall be within the limits specified in the analysis column. Individual
determinations may vary to the extent shown in the product analysis tolerance column, except that the several determinations of
a single element in any one heat shall not vary both above and below the specified range.
5.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used.
6. Mechanical Properties
6.1 Annealed and Cold-Drawn—When purchased in the annealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have been given a
sufficient amount of cold working to meet the purchaser’s coiling requirements and shall be in a suitable condition to respond
properly to heat treatment. In special cases the hardness, if desired, shall be stated in the purchase order.
6.2 Oil Tempered—When purchased in the oil-tempered condition, the tensile strength and minimum percent reduction of area,
sizes 2.50 mm [0.105 in.]0.105 in. [2.50 mm] and coarser, of the wire shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
6.2.1 Number of Tests—One test specimen shall be taken for each five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a given
lot shall be tested.
6.2.2 Location of Tests—Test specimens shall be taken from either end of the coil.
6.2.3 Test Method—The tension test shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
6.3 Wrap Test:
6.3.1 Oil-tempered or cold-drawn wire 4.00 mm [0.162 in.]0.162 in. [4.00 mm] and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself as
an arbor without breakage. Larger diameter wire up to and including 8.00 mm [0.312 in.]0.312 in. [8.00 mm] in diameter shall
wrap without breakage on a mandrel twice the wire diameter. The wrap test is not applicable to wire over 0.312 in. [8.00 mm] in
diameter.
6.3.2 Number of Tests—One test specimen shall be taken for each five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a given
lot shall be tested.
6.3.3 Location of Test—Test specimens shall be taken from either end of the coil.
6.3.4 Test Method—The wrap test shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
6.4 SpecialSurfaceInspection—Whenspecified,theentirelengthofeveryco
...