ASTM C1543-02

Standard Test Method for Determining the Penetration of Chloride Ion into Concrete by Ponding

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is suitable for evaluation of materials and material proportions for construction purposes as well as for research and development.
This test method can be used to establish the correlation between indirect measures of the chloride-ion penetration of concrete (see Test Method C 1202) and the actual chloride-ion penetration under controlled conditions.
This test method is not intended to provide a measure of the length of service that may be expected from use of a specific concrete mixture or sealing material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the penetration of chloride ion into concrete from a sodium-chloride solution pond. This method is applicable to all types of concrete, as well as to concretes treated with systems such as sealants, penetrating sealers, or thin-bonded overlays.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Aug-2002
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.66 - Concrete's Resistance to Fluid Penetration

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C1543-09 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Penetration of Chloride Ion into Concrete by Ponding
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1709-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (ASCM) for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C1543–02
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Penetration of Chloride Ion into Concrete
by Ponding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method determines the penetration of chloride 4.1 A sodium-chloride solution is ponded on the surface of
ion into concrete from a sodium-chloride solution pond. This concrete specimens. Samples from specified depths are peri-
method is applicable to all types of concrete, as well as to odically extracted and chemically analyzed to determine the
concretes treated with systems such as sealants, penetrating chloridecontentoftheconcreteatthosedepths.Thecuringand
sealers, or thin-bonded overlays. moistureconditioningtowhichaspecimenissubjectedpriorto
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as ponding affects the mechanisms involved in chloride-ion
standard. penetration. These factors must be considered carefully in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the interpreting the results. Information on the mechanisms of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the chloride penetration into concrete is given in the appendix.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 This test method is suitable for evaluation of materials
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and material proportions for construction purposes as well as
2. Referenced Documents
for research and development.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.2 This test method can be used to establish the correlation
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag- between indirect measures of the chloride-ion penetration of
gregates concrete (see Test Method C1202) and the actual chloride-ion
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete penetration under controlled conditions.
Test Specimens in the Laboratory 5.3 This test method is not intended to provide a measure of
C672/C672M Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Con- the length of service that may be expected from use of a
crete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing Chemicals specific concrete mixture or sealing material.
C1152/C1152M Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in
6. Apparatus
Mortar and Concrete
6.1 Glass Plates or Polyethylene Sheets, of sufficient size to
C1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s
Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration cover the ponded surface of the specimen.
6.2 Molds, of the proper size for the test specimens to be
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
T 259 Method of Test for Resistance of Concrete to Chlo- used, and conforming to the applicable requirements of Prac-
tice C192/C192M.
ride Ion Penetration
3. Terminology 7. Reagents
7.1 Ponding Solution—3 % reagent grade sodium chloride
3.1 Terms used in this standard are defined in Terminology
C125. (NaCl) by mass in distilled water (see Note 1).
NOTE 1—Other chloride-bearing solutions or different sodium-chloride
1 concentrations may be used when there is a need to evaluate their specific
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
effects. The concentration of the solution can be checked using a
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
hydrometer calibrated to indicate the mass fraction of sodium chloride.
C09.66 on Concrete’s Resistance to Fluid Penetration.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2002. Published October 2002. DOI:
10.1520/C1543-02.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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C1543–02
8. Specimens 9.6.3 Alternatively, obtain powdered sample by rotary-
impact hammer as described in Test Method C1152/C1152M.
8.1 Use as ponding specimens in this test method slabs
9.6.4 Space the sampling point at least 25 mm away from
having a surface area of at least 0.030 m and a thickness of 90
the inside edge of the dike or the edge of any previous
6 15 mm. At least two replicate specimens shall be made for
sampling point. Samples shall be obtained from at least the
each combination of variables to be tested.
following depths to provide a profile of the chloride penetra-
8.2 Fabricate and cure molded ponding specimens in accor-
tion:
dance with applicable sections of Test Method C672/C672M,
Sampling Intervals, mm
unless otherwise specified.
10–20
8.3 Obtain a sample of concrete for use in determining the
25–35
background chloride content. Cast a 100 by 200-mm cylinder 40–50
55–65
from the concrete mixture for this purpose when fabricating
ponding specimens.
9.6.5 If the purposes of the test require a precise profiling of
8.4 Provide a dike approximately 20 mm high along the
the chloride penetration, the sampling shall be accomplished
perimeter of the top surface of the specimen to retain the
by removing a core from the specimen. The core shall be
ponding solution. The dike shall be made of a material that
profiled by precision milling to obtain powdered concrete from
adheres to the specimen or be integrally cast as a part of the
horizons of the desired depth and thickness (see Note 5).
specimen. It shall serve to keep the top of the specimen
NOTE 5—Chloride penetration profiling on 1-mm thick horizons has
covered completely by ponding solution throughout the period
been accomplished using this technique.An equation can then be fitted to
of the ponding (see Note 2).
the profile to calculate an effective diffusion coefficient using Fick’s
Second Law. If a diffusion coefficient is to be calculated, at least 6 test
NOTE 2—Closed-cell polystyrene foam 12 to 25 mm thick and acrylic
points should be obtained.
strips 6 mm thick, bonded to the specimen with an adhesive caulking
compound or silicone sealant, have been used successfully.
9.6.6 If the specimen is to be re-ponded after sampling,
patch the hole with a suitable low-permeability repair material
8.5 Coat the sides of the specimens with a suitable material
(seeNote6).Thelocationofthesamplingpointshallbeclearly
(see Note 3) to prevent lateral moisture migration. Do not coat
identifiable so it can be avoided during subsequent sampling.
the bottom of the specimen. Allow the coating to cure
according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
NOTE 6—Epoxy mortar has been used successfully for this purpose.
NOTE 3—Arapid setting epoxy sufficiently viscous to adhere to vertical
9.7 Determine the chloride content of the sample from each
surfaces without excessive running has been used successfully for this
depth of the ponded specimens and the background sample in
purpose.
accordance with Test Method C1152/C1152M. The back-
ground chloride content is subtracted from the value obtained
9. Procedure
for each depth of the ponded specimen to determine the
9.1 Followingcompletionofcuring,coverthesurfaceofthe
penetrated chloride value.
specimen with the ponding solution to a depth of 15 6 5 mm.
9.2 Place a glass plate or polyethylene sheet over the
10. Report
ponded specimen to retard evaporation of water from the
10.1 Report the following information:
solution.
10.1.1 Type and source of hydraulic cements,
9.3 Store the ponded specimens at 23.0 6 2°C and 50 6
10.1.2 Type and source of other cementitious material
...