ASTM D3827-92(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Gases in Petroleum and Other Organic Liquids
Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Gases in Petroleum and Other Organic Liquids
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for estimating the equilibrium solubility of several common gases in petroleum and synthetic lubricants, fuels, and solvents, at temperatures between 0 and 488 K.
1.2 This test method is limited to systems in which polarity and hydrogen bonding are not strong enough to cause serious deviations from regularity. Specifically excluded are such gases as HCl, NH3, and SO2, and hydroxy liquids such as alcohols, glycols, and water. Estimating the solubility of CO2 in nonhydrocarbons is also specifically excluded.
1.3 Highly aromatic oils such as diphenoxy phenylene ethers violate the stated accuracy above 363 K, at which point the estimate for nitrogen solubility is 43% higher than the observation.
1.4 Lubricants are given preference in this test method to the extent that certain empirical factors were adjusted to the lubricant data. Estimates for distillate fuels are made from the lubricant estimates by a further set of empirical factors, and are less accurate. Estimates for halogenated solvents are made as if they were hydrocarbons, and are the least accurate of the three.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D3827–92(Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Estimation of Solubility of Gases in Petroleum and Other
Organic Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3827; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
TABLE 1 Solubility Parameters of Gaseous Solutes
1. Scope
Gas M d at 298 K Fuel Factor
2 2
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for estimating the
He 4 3.35 1.27
equilibrium solubility of several common gases in petroleum
Ne 20 3.87 1.37
and synthetic lubricants, fuels, and solvents, at temperatures
H 2 5.52 1.27
between 0 and 488 K.
N 28 6.04 1.70
Air 29 6.67 1.44
1.2 This test method is limited to systems in which polarity
CO 28 7.47 1.37
and hydrogen bonding are not strong enough to cause serious
O 32 7.75 1.28
deviations from regularity. Specifically excluded are such
Ar 40 7.71 1.37
CH 16 9.10 1.42
gases as HCl, NH , and SO , and hydroxy liquids such as 4
3 2
Kr 84 10.34 1.37
alcohols, glycols, and water. Estimating the solubility of CO
CO 44 14.81 1.14
in nonhydrocarbons is also specifically excluded.
1.3 Highly aromatic oils such as diphenoxy phenylene
Gravity) or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
ethers violate the stated accuracy above 363 K, at which point
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
the estimate for nitrogen solubility is 43% higher than the
D2502 Test Method for Estimation of Molecular Weight
observation.
(RelativeMolecularMass)ofPetroleumOilsfromViscos-
1.4 Lubricants are given preference in this test method to
ity Measurements
the extent that certain empirical factors were adjusted to the
D2503 Test Method for Molecular Weight (Relative Mo-
lubricant data. Estimates for distillate fuels are made from the
lecular Mass) of Hydrocarbons by Thermoelectric Mea-
lubricantestimatesbyafurthersetofempiricalfactors,andare
surement of Vapor Pressure
lessaccurate.Estimatesforhalogenatedsolventsaremadeasif
theywerehydrocarbons,andaretheleastaccurateofthethree.
3. Terminology
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions:
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3.1.1 Bunsen coeffıcient—the solubility of a gas, expressed
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
as the gas volume reduced to 273 K (32°F) and 0.10 MPa (1
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
atm), dissolved by one volume of liquid at the specified
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature and 0.10 MPa.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2 Ostwald coeffıcient—the solubility of a gas, expressed
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
as the volume of gas dissolved per volume of liquid when both
2. Referenced Documents
are in equilibrium at the specified partial pressure of gas and at
the specified temperature.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
3.2.1 distillate fuel—a petroleum product having a molecu-
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
lar weight below 300 g/mol.
D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables
3.2.2 halogenated solvent—a partially or fully halogenated
D1298 TestMethodforDensity,RelativeDensity(Specific
hydrocarbon having a molar volume below 300 mL/mol.
3.2.3 solubility parameter—the square root of the internal
energy change (heat absorbed minus work done) of vaporiza-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
tion per unit volume of liquid, at 298 K.
D02.11 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—For gases in Table 1, the liquid is
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 1992. Published December 1992. Originally
hypothetical and the values were calculated from actual solu-
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 1986 as D3827–86.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. bility data.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3827–92 (2002)
TABLE 2 Constants for Synthetic Nonhydrocarbons
Compound d M r dr/dT
1 1
Di-2-ethylhexyl adipate 18.05 370 0.928 0.00075
Di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate 17.94 427 0.916 0.00073
Trimetholylpropane pelargonate 18.48 459 0.962 0.00070
Pentaerythritol caprylate 18.95 540 1.002 0.00065
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate 18.97 390 0.986 0.00075
Diphenoxy diphenylene ether 23.24 440 1.178 0.00079
Diphenoxy triphenylene ether 23.67 520 1.205 0.00076
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene 15.47 600 1.925 0.00166
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene 15.55 700 1.942 0.00154
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene 15.71 1 000 1.998 0.00152
Dimethyl silicone 15.14 10 000 0.969 0.00093
Methyl phenyl silicone 18.41 5 000 1.063 0.00080
Perfluoropolyglycol 14.30 1 000 1.914 0.00180
Tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate 18.27 467 0.923 0.00090
Tricresyl phosphate 18.82 368 1.158 0.00090
3.3 Symbols: 6.1.1 Iftheliquidisanonhydrocarbon,obtain d fromTable
2. If it is not listed there, and the structure is known, calculate
d by the method of Fedors.
B = Bunsen coefficient at the specified condition,
6.1.2 If the liquid is refined petroleum or a synthetic
r = density of liquid at 288 K (60°F), g/mL,
hydrocarbon, determine r by Test Method D1218 or equiva-
r = density of liquid at specified temperature, g/mL,
t
lent. If r is 0.885 g/mL or less, calculate d as follows:
G = solubility in mg/k,
d 512.03r17.36 (1)
H = Henry’s law constant, MPa,
M = molecular weight of liquid, g/mol,
6.1.3 If the liquid is refined petroleum or a synthetic
M = molecular weight of gas, g/mol,
hydrocarbon with r=0.886 g/mL or more, or a nonhydrocar-
n = refractive index of liquid, sodium D-line at 298 K,
D
bon of unknown structure, determine n by Test Method
D
p = partial pressure of gas, MPa,
D1218, and calculate as follows:
p = vapor pressure of liquid, MPa,
v
T = specified temperature, K, d 58.63n 10.96 (2)
1 D
L = Ostwald coefficient at T,
NOTE 1—Values of d from Table 2 or r are accurate to 60.2 unit, but
X = mole fraction of gas in equilibrium solution,
those from n may be in error by as much as 61.0 unit.
D
d = solubility parameter of liquid, (MPa) ⁄2 ,
1 6.1.4 For mixtures of liquids with solubility parameters d ,
d = equivalent solubility parameter of gas, (MPa) ⁄2 , and
a
f . d in volume fractions f , . f, calculate d as follows:
f = volume fraction of component i in a mixture of
b i a b i 1
i
liquids.
d 5f d 1f d .1f d (3)
1 a a b b i i
6.2 Obtain the value of d from Table 1.
4. Summary of Test Method 2
6.3 Calculate the Ostwald coefficient for a lubricant as
4.1 The solubility of gases in petroleum and other organic
follows:
liquids may be calculated from solubility parameters of the
3 2
liq
...
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