ASTM B686-99
(Specification)Standard Specification for Aluminum Alloy Castings, High-Strength
Standard Specification for Aluminum Alloy Castings, High-Strength
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aluminum-alloy high-strength castings designated as shown in Table 1.
1.2 Castings covered by this specification are intended for use in airframe, missile, and other critical applications where high strength, ductility, and sound castings are required.
1.3 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminum and aluminum alloys and their properties in this specification, see Annex A1 and Annex A2.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B 686 – 99
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Aluminum Alloy Castings, High-Strength
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E 101 Test Method for Spectrographic Analysis of Alumi-
num and Aluminum Alloys by the Point-to-Plane Tech-
1.1 This specification covers aluminum-alloy high-strength
nique
castings designated as shown in Table 1.
E 155 Reference Radiographs for Examination of Alumi-
1.2 Castings covered by this specification are intended for
num and Magnesium Castings
use in airframe, missile, and other critical applications where
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
high strength, ductility, and sound castings are required.
E 227 Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
1.2.1 Alloy A201.0 is intended for use in the − T7 temper,
Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by the
which provides a high level of resistance to stress-corrosion
Point-to-Plane Technique
cracking, when properly heat treated. In other tempers, alloy
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
A201.0 may exhibit susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking.
E 607 Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
Additionally, its tendency for hot shortness may make alloy
Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by the
A201.0 unsuitable in some casting designs.
Point-to-Plane Technique, Nitrogen Atmosphere
1.3 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminum
E 716 Practices for Sampling Aluminum and Aluminum
and aluminum alloys and their properties in this specification,
Alloys for Spectrochemical Analysis
see Annex A1 and Annex A2.
E 1251 Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
2. Referenced Documents
Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by the Argon
Atmosphere, Point-to-Plane, Unipolar Self-Initiating Ca-
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the
pacitor Discharge
date of purchase form a part of this specification to the extent
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
referenced herein:
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
2.2 ASTM Standards:
2.3 ANSI Standards:
B 179 Specification for Aluminum Alloys in Ingot and
H35.1 Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Alumi-
Molten Forms for Castings from All Casting Processes
num
B 557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast
Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by
Aluminum and Magnesium-Alloy Products
Attributes
B 597 Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloys
2.4 Military Standards:
B 660 Practices for Packaging/Packing of Aluminum and
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
Magnesium Products
2.5 Federal Standard:
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
Determine Conformance with Specifications
E 34 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum and
3. Classification
Aluminum Base Alloys
3.1 Castings shall be classified by inspection classes,
E 88 Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
4 3.1.1 Classes (Inspection):
in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition
3.1.1.1 Class 1—A class of casting, the single failure of
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Testing
which would result in the loss of a missile, aircraft, or other
vehicle.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-7 on Light
3.1.1.2 Class 2—Class 1 castings not included in Class 1,
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.01 on
Aluminum Alloy Ingots and Casting.
Current edition approved May 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally
published as B 686 – 81. Last previous edition B 686 – 97. Discontinued. See 1995 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
3 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
4 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 Attn: NPODS.
B 686
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Limits
NOTE 1—When single units are shown, they indicate the maximum amounts permitted.
NOTE 2—Analysis shall be made for the elements for which limits are shown in this table.
NOTE 3—The following applies to all specified limits in this table: For purposes of determining conformance to these limits, an observed value or a
calculated value obtained from analysis shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the specified limit
in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.
Composition, %
ANSI ASTM Man- Magne- Beryl- Others
A
Former Aluminum Silicon Iron Copper Zinc Titanium Each
B
H35.1 E 527 ganese sium lium Total
354.0 A03540 SC92A remainder 8.6–9.4 0.20 1.6–2.0 0.10 0.40–0.6 0.10 0.20 . 0.05 0.15
C355.0 A33550 SC51B remainder 4.5–5.5 0.20 1.0–1.5 0.10 0.40–0.6 0.10 0.20 . 0.05 0.15
A356.0 A13560 SG70B remainder 6.5–7.5 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.25–0.45 0.10 0.20 . 0.05 0.15
A357.0 A13570 remainder 6.5–7.5 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.40–0.7 0.10 0.04–0.20 0.04–0.07 0.05 0.15
C
A201.0 A12010 remainder 0.05 0.10 4.0–5.0 0.20–0.40 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.03 0.10
A
“Others” includes listed elements for which no specific limit is shown as well as unlisted metallic elements. The producer may analyze samples for trace elements not
specified in the specification. However, such analysis is not required and may not cover all metallic “Others” elements. Should any analysis by the producer or the purchaser
establish that an “Others” element exceeds the limit of “Each” or that the aggregate of several “Others” elements exceeds the limit of “Total”, the material shall be considered
nonconforming.
B
Other Elements—Total shall be the sum of unspecified metallic elements 0.010 % or more, rounded to the second decimal before determining the sum.
C
Silver 0.40 to 1.0 %.
the single failure of which would cause significant danger to 4.1.2 Alloy number (Section 6, Table 1) radiographic grade
operating personnel or would result in a significant operational (3.1.2, Table 2) inspection class of castings (3.1.1, Table 3) and
penalty. In the case of missiles, aircraft, and other vehicles, this class of mechanical properties (Table 4),
includes loss of major components, loss of control, uninten- 4.1.3 Tensile property requirements on the drawing or
tional release of inability to release armament stores, or failure purchase order (8.1.5, 14.5, 14.6, Table 3 and Table 4),
of weapon installation components. 4.1.4 Identification of product information (Section 10),
3.1.1.3 Class 3—Castings having a margin of safety of 4.1.5 Applicable drawings or part number,
200 % or less. 4.1.6 The quantity in either pieces or pounds.
3.1.1.4 Class 4—Castings having a margin of safety of 4.2 Additionally, orders for material to this specification
greater than 200 %, or for which no stress analysis is required. shall include the following information when required by the
All target drone castings and aerospace ground support equip- purchaser:
ment fall in this category, except for such critical parts, the 4.2.1 Whether the material shall be packed or marked, or
failure of which would make the equipment unsatisfactory and both, in accordance with MIL-STD-129, Practices B 660, or
cause the vehicles which they are intended to support to be Fed. Std. No. 123 (15.3),
inoperable. 4.2.2 Where the preproduction samples shall be sent, and
3.1.2 Grades (Radiographic Quality): activity responsible for testing, and instructions concerning
submittal of the test reports (13.2.1 and 13.2.2), and
NOTE 1—Caution should be exercised in specifying the grade of
4.2.3 Penetrant inspection standards (14.3).
maximum permissible radiographic discontinuity level to be met in the
casting. Radiographic quality has only a qualitative relationship to
5. Materials and Manufacture
mechanical properties. In general, the highest property levels of an alloy
5.1 The responsibility of furnishing castings that can be laid
will require the higher grades of radiographic quality. However, section
out and machined to the finished dimensions within the
size and shape parameters may be able to tolerate certain discontinuities
without significant reduction in functional integrity. Too severe soundness
permissible variations specified, as shown on the blueprints or
requirements may cause the part producibility to be impractical or
drawings, shall rest with the producer, except where pattern
uneconomical.
equipment is furnished by the purchaser and any dimensional
3.1.2.1 Grade A—A grade in which there is no discernible discrepancies can be clearly attributed to the pattern equipment
discontinuity visible on the radiograph of the specified area of
as furnished.
the casting. 5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, only aluminum alloy con-
3.1.2.2 Grade B—A premium grade of casting for critical
forming to the requirements of Specification B 179 or produc-
applications or specified area of a casting with low margins of er’s foundry scrap (identified as being made from alloy
safety.
conforming to Specification B 179) shall be used in the
3.1.2.3 Grade C—A high-quality grade of casting or area of remelting furnace from which molten metal is taken for
a casting for general applications.
pouring directly into castings. Additions of small amounts of
3.1.2.4 Grade D—A grade included for less important areas modifiers and grain refining elements or alloys are permitted.
of a casting.
5.1.2 Pure materials, recycled materials, and master alloys
may be used to make alloys conforming to this specification,
4. Ordering Information
provided chemical analysis can be taken and adjusted to
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
conform to Table 1 prior to pouring any castings.
the following information:
6. Chemical Composition
4.1.1 This specification designation (which includes the
number, the year, and the revision letter, if applicable), 6.1 The composition of the castings shall be within the
B 686
TABLE 2 Discontinuity-Level Requirements for High-Strength Aluminum Castings—Maximum Permissible in Accordance with
(Reference Radiographs E 155)
NOTE 1—When two or more types of discontinuities are present withina2by 2-in. area to an extent equal to or not significantly better than the
acceptance standards for respective discontinuities, the castings shall be rejected.
NOTE 2—When two or more types of discontinuities are present withina2by 2-in. area and the predominating discontinuity is not significantly better
than the acceptance standard, the casting shall be considered borderline.
NOTE 3—Borderline castings shall be reviewed for acceptance or rejection by competent engineering personnel from the manufacturer and purchaser.
NOTE 4—Gas holes, sand spots, and inclusions allowed by this table shall be cause for rejection when closer than twice their maximum dimension to
an edge or extremity of a casting.
NOTE 5—Castings with the following characteristics apply to Alloy A201.1 only:
1. Banding or striated segregation shall be acceptable to the extent that the mechanical properties in the affected section meet the requirements of
Table 3.
2. Healed hot tears or discrete segregation cracks, evidenced by linear irregular white lines, shall be rejected.
3. Spheroidal segregation, evidenced by white spheroids, shall be evaluated for size and concentration by using the standards for gas holes.
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D
Discontinuity Radiograph Section Thickness, in.
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4
Gas holes 1.1 none 112255
Gas porosity (round) 1.21 none 113377
Gas porosity (elongated) 1.22 none 113455
A A A
Shrinkage cavity 2.1 none 1 2 3
Shrinkage porosity or sponge 2.2 none 112243
Foreign material (less dense material) 3.11 none 112244
Foreign material (more dense material) 3.12 none 112143
Segregation . none none none none
Cracks . none none none none
Cold shuts . none none none none
Laps . none none none none
Surface irregularity . not to exceed drawing tolerance
Core shift . not to exceed drawing tolerance
A
Not available. Use ⁄4in. for all thicknesses.
A B
TABLE 3 Mechanical Properties of Specimens Cut from Designated Areas of Casting
Yield Strength, 0.2 Elongation in
Alloy Number
Class Tensile Strength,
% Offset, min, 2 in. or 4D,
C
Number min, ksi (MPa)
C
ANSI H35.1 ASTM E527 Former
ksi (MPa) min, %
354.0 A03540 SC92A 1 47.0 (324) 36.0 (248) 3
D
2 50.0 (345) 42.0 (290) 2
C355.0 A33550 SC51 1 41.0 (283) 31.0 (214) 3
2 44.0 (303) 33.0 (228) 3
D
3 50.0 (345) 40.0 (276) 2
A356.0 A13560 SC70B 1 38.0 (262) 28.0 (193) 5
2 40.0 (276) 30.0 (207) 3
D
3 45.0 (310) 34.0 (234) 3
A357.0 A13570 1 45.0 (310) 35.0 (241) 3
D
2 50.0 (345) 40.0 (276) 5
A201.0 A12010 1 60.0 (414) 50.0 (345) 3
C
2 60.0 (414) 50.0 (345) 5
A
For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, each value for tensile strength and yield strength shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 ksi, and each
value for elongation shall be rounded to the nearest 0.5 %, both in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E 29.
B
For any casting process, special mold, or sand mold permanent mold with chills may be used. Properties in other areas may vary with mold process and foundry
techniques used but will be inspected under foundry control (0.1.2). Special negotiated properties may be called for by the drawing note.
C
SI units for information only. For explanation of the SI unit “MPa” see Appendix X1.
D
This class is obtainable in favorable casting configurations and must be negotiated with the foundry for particular configuration desired. See Note 1 and 7.3.
limits specified in Table 1. “dimensional sample” for dimensional approval. The other
6.2 Sampling for spectrochemical analysis shall be in ac- casting shall be identified as the“ foundry control sample” and
cordance with Practices E 716. Samples for other methods of
shall be for all other inspections and requirements as necessary
analysis shall be suitable for the form of material being
for approval.
analyzed and the type of analytical method used.
7.2 Th
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