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ASTM E831-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis

Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis

SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the apparent coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques. Related information can be found in Refs. (1-12)².
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 m/(mC). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 11).
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from 120 to 900 C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.
1.5 Computer or electronic based instruments, techniques, or data treatment equivalent to this test method may also be used.
Note 1—Users of this test method are expressly advised that all such instruments or techniques may not be equivalent. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the necessary equivalency prior to use.
1.6 SI values are the standard.
1.7 This test method is related to ISO 11359-2 but is significantly different in technical detail.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
19.060 - Mechanical testing
Technical Committee
E37 - Thermal Measurements
Drafting Committee
E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E831-03 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM E831-06 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3841-21 - Standard Specification for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Plastic Panels
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E289-17 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid Solids with Interferometry
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4101-17e1 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2206-21 - Standard Test Method for Force Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D696-16 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM F3319-20 - Standard Specification for Selection and Application of Field-Installed Cryogenic Pipe and Equipment Insulation Systems on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)-Fueled Ships
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2113-23 - Standard Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1470-20 - Standard Guide for Testing the Thermal Properties of Advanced Ceramics
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E228-22 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6341-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Plastic Lumber and Plastic Lumber Shapes Between –30 and 140°F (–34.4 and 60°C)
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM E831-05 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E831–05
Standard Test Method for
Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by
1
Thermomechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method determines the apparent coefficient of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermome- D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Ex-
chanicalanalysistechniques.Relatedinformationcanbefound pansion of Plastics Between−30 and 30 °C
2
in Refs. (1-12) . D3386 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that Expansion of Electrical Insulating Materials
exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the Materials with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
specimen. E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear E1142 TerminologyRelatingtoThermophysicalProperties
thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 µm/ E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Ther-
(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) momechanical Analyzers
expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see E2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of
Section 11). Thermomechanical Analyzers
4
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range 2.2 ISO Standards:
from −120 to 900 °C. The temperature range may be extended ISO 11359-2 Plastics—Thermomechanical Analysis
depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials (TMA)—Part 2: Determination of Coefficient of Linear
used. Thermal Expansion and Glass Transition Temperature
1.5 Computer or electronic based instruments, techniques,
3. Terminology
or data treatment equivalent to this test method may also be
used. 3.1 Definitions—Thermal analysis terms in Terminologies
E473 and E1142 shall apply to this test method.
NOTE 1—Users of this test method are expressly advised that all such
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
instrumentsortechniquesmaynotbeequivalent.Itistheresponsibilityof
3.2.1 apparent coeffıcient of linear thermal expansion,
the user to determine the necessary equivalency prior to use.
(a )—the change in length, relative to the specimen length at
m
1.6 SI values are the standard.
ambient temperature, accompanying a unit change in tempera-
1.7 This test method is related to ISO11359-2 but is
ture identified by the midpoint temperature of the temperature
significantly different in technical detail.
range of measurement
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 This test method uses a thermomechanical analyzer or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
similar device to determine the linear thermal expansion of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
solid materials when subjected to a constant heating rate.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
3
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Test For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Methods and Recommended Practices. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E831–03. the ASTM website.
2 4
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof AvailablefromtheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,11W.42ndSt.,13th
this standard. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E831–05
4.2 The change of the specimen length is electronically 6.2 Cooling Capability, to sustain a subambient specimen
recorded as a function of temperature.The coefficient of linear temperature(ifsubambientmeasurementsaretobemade)orto
thermal expansion can be calculated from these recorded data. hasten cool down of the specimen from elevated temperatures.
6.3 Micrometer, or other length-measuring device with a
range of up to 10 mm to determine specimen dimensio
...

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Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis

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5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
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1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.  
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5.1 Coefficients of linear expansion are required for design purposes and are used particularly to determine thermal stresses that can occur when a solid artifact composed of different materials may fail when it is subjected to a temperature excursion(s).  
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5.4 The precise measurement of thermal expansion involves two parameters; change of length and change of temperature. Since precise measurements of the first parameter can be made by this test method, it is essential that great attention is also paid to the second, in order to ensure that calculated expansion coefficients are based on the required temperature difference. Thus in order to ensure the necessary uniformity in temperature of the specimen, it is essential that the uniform temperature zone of the surrounding furnace or environmental chamber shall be made significantly longer than the combined length of specimen and mirrors.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear thermal expansion of rigid solids using either a Michelson or Fizeau interferometer.  
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1.3 It is recognized that many rigid solids require detailed preconditioning and specific thermal test schedules for correct evaluation of linear thermal expansion behavior for certain material applications. Since a general method of test cannot cover all specific requirements, details of this nature should be discussed in the particular material specifications.  
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SCOPE
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1.1 This test method covers a test that can be used to compare the cavitation erosion resistance of solid materials. A submerged cavitating jet, issuing from a nozzle, impinges on a test specimen placed in its path so that cavities collapse on it, thereby causing erosion. The test is carried out under specified conditions in a specified liquid, usually water. This test method can also be used to compare the cavitation erosion capability of various liquids.  
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4.1 The use of this guide is voluntary and is intended for use as a procedures guide for selection and application of specific types of strain gages for high-temperature installations. No attempt is made to restrict the type of strain gage types or concepts to be chosen by the user. The provisions of this guide may be invoked in specifications and procedures by specifying those that shall be considered mandatory for the purpose of the specific application. When so invoked, the user shall include in the work statement a notation that provisions of this guide shown as recommendation shall be considered mandatory for the purposes of the specification or procedure concerned, and shall include a statement of any exceptions to or modifications of the affected provisions of this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and application of strain gages for the measurement of static strain up to and including the temperature range from 425 °C to 650 °C (800 °F to 1200 °F). This guide reflects some state-of-the-art techniques in high-temperature strain measurement.  
1.2 This guide assumes that the user is familiar with the use of bonded strain gages and associated signal conditioning circuits and instrumentation as discussed in  (1)  and (2).2 The strain gage systems described are those that have proven effective in the temperature range of interest and were available at the time of issue of this guide. It is not the intent of this guide to limit the user to one of the strain gage types described nor is it the intent to specify the type of strain gage system to be used for a specific application. However, in using any strain gage system including those described, the proposer shall be able to demonstrate the capability of the proposed strain gage system to meet the selection criteria provided in Section 5 and the needs of the specific application.  
1.3 The devices and techniques described in this guide can sometimes be applicable at temperatures above and below the range noted, and for making dynamic strain measurements at high temperatures with proper precautions. The strain gage manufacturer should be consulted for recommendations and details of such applications.  
1.4 The references are a part of this guide to the extent specified in the text.  
1.5 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informational purposes only.  
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4.1 Materials scientists and engineers are making increased use of statistical analyses in interpreting S-N  and ε-N  fatigue data. Statistical analysis applies when the given data can be reasonably assumed to be a random sample of (or representation of) some specific defined population or universe of material of interest (under specific test conditions), and it is desired either to characterize the material or to predict the performance of future random samples of the material (under similar test conditions), or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers only  S-N  and ε-N  relationships that may be reasonably approximated by a straight line (on appropriate coordinates) for a specific interval of stress or strain. It presents elementary procedures that presently reflect good practice in modeling and analysis. However, because the actual S-N  or ε-N  relationship is approximated by a straight line only within a specific interval of stress or strain, and because the actual fatigue life distribution is unknown, it is  not recommended  that (a) the S-N  or ε-N curve be extrapolated outside the interval of testing, or (b) the fatigue life at a specific stress or strain amplitude be estimated below approximately the fifth percentile (P ≃ 0.05). As alternative fatigue models and statistical analyses are continually being developed, later revisions of this guide may subsequently present analyses that permit more complete interpretation of  S-N  and ε-N  data.  
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Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology contains definitions, definitions of terms specific to certain standards, symbols, and abbreviations approved for use in standards on fatigue and fracture testing. The definitions are preceded by two lists. The first is an alphabetical listing of symbols used. (Greek symbols are listed in accordance with their spelling in English.) The second is an alphabetical listing of relevant abbreviations.  
1.2 This terminology includes Annex A1 on Units and Annex A2 on Designation Codes for Specimen Configuration, Applied Loading, and Crack or Notch Orientation.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    25 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off