ASTM D696-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The coefficient of linear thermal expansion, α, between temperatures T1 and T2 for a specimen whose length is L0 at the reference temperature, is given by the following equation:
where L1 and L2 are the specimen lengths at temperatures T1 and T2, respectively. α is, therefore, obtained by dividing the linear expansion per unit length by the change in temperature.
5.2 The nature of most plastics and the construction of the dilatometer make −30 to +30°C (−22°F to +86°F) a convenient temperature range for linear thermal expansion measurements of plastics. This range covers the temperatures in which plastics are most commonly used. Where testing outside of this temperature range or when linear thermal expansion characteristics of a particular plastic are not known through this temperature range, particular attention shall be paid to the factors mentioned in 1.2.
Note 2: In such cases, special preliminary investigations by thermo-mechanical analysis, such as that prescribed in Practice D4065 for the location of transition temperatures, may be required to avoid excessive error. Other ways of locating phase changes or transition temperatures using the dilatometer itself may be employed to cover the range of temperatures in question by using smaller steps than 30°C (86°F) or by observing the rate of expansion during a steady rise in temperature of the specimen. Once such a transition point has been located, a separate coefficient of expansion for a temperature range below and above the transition point shall be determined. For specification and comparison purposes, the range from −30°C to +30°C (−22°F to +86°F) (provided it is known that no transition exists in this range) shall be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion for plastic materials having coefficients of expansion greater than 1 µm/(m.°C) by use of a vitreous silica dilatometer. At the test temperatures and under the stresses imposed, the plastic materials shall have a negligible creep or elastic strain rate or both, insofar as these properties would significantly affect the accuracy of the measurements.
1.1.1 Test Method E228 shall be used for temperatures other than −30°C to 30°C.
1.1.2 This test method shall not be used for measurements on materials having a very low coefficient of expansion (less than 1 µm/(m.°C). For materials having very low coefficient of expansion, interferometer or capacitance techniques are recommended.
1.1.3 Alternative technique commonly used for measuring this property is thermomechanical analysis as described in Test Method E831, which permits measurement of this property over a scanned temperature range.
1.2 The thermal expansion of a plastic is composed of a reversible component on which are superimposed changes in length due to changes in moisture content, curing, loss of plasticizer or solvents, release of stresses, phase changes and other factors. This test method is intended for determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion under the exclusion of these factors as far as possible. In general, it will not be possible to exclude the effect of these factors completely. For this reason, the test method can be expected to give only an approximation to the true thermal expansion.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D696 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics
1
Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D696; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers determination of the coefficient
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of linear thermal expansion for plastic materials having coef-
ficients of expansion greater than 1µm⁄(m.°C) by use of a
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
vitreous silica dilatometer. At the test temperatures and under
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
the stresses imposed, the plastic materials shall have a negli-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
gible creep or elastic strain rate or both, insofar as these
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
properties would significantly affect the accuracy of the mea-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
surements.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1.1 TestMethodE228shallbeusedfortemperaturesother
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
than −30°C to 30°C.
1.1.2 This test method shall not be used for measurements 2. Referenced Documents
2
on materials having a very low coefficient of expansion (less
2.1 ASTM Standards:
than 1 µm/(m.°C). For materials having very low coefficient of
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
expansion, interferometer or capacitance techniques are rec-
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
ommended.
D4065Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-
1.1.3 Alternative technique commonly used for measuring
ties: Determination and Report of Procedures
thispropertyisthermomechanicalanalysisasdescribedinTest
E228Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
Method E831, which permits measurement of this property
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
over a scanned temperature range.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.2 The thermal expansion of a plastic is composed of a Determine the Precision of a Test Method
reversible component on which are superimposed changes in E831Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
length due to changes in moisture content, curing, loss of Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
plasticizer or solvents, release of stresses, phase changes and
3. Terminology
other factors. This test method is intended for determining the
coefficient of linear thermal expansion under the exclusion of 3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
these factors as far as possible. In general, it will not be
nology D883 unless otherwise specified.
possible to exclude the effect of these factors completely. For
4. Summary of Test Method
this reason, the test method can be expected to give only an
approximation to the true thermal expansion.
4.1 This test method is intended to provide a means of
determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
plastics which are not distorted or indented by the thrust of the
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
dilatometer on the specimen. For materials that indent, see 8.4.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
The specimen is placed at the bottom of the outer dilatometer
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tube with the inner one resting on it. The measuring device
which is firmly attached to the outer tube is in contact with the
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties
2
(Section D20.30.07). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D696–08 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0696-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes se
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D696 − 08 D696 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics
1
Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D696; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected parenthetical temperature values in 5.2 in March 2013.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion for plastic materials having coefficients
−6
of expansion greater than 1 × 101 μm /°C⁄(m.°C) by use of a vitreous silica dilatometer. At the test temperatures and under the
stresses imposed, the plastic materials shall have a negligible creep or elastic strain rate or both, insofar as these properties would
significantly affect the accuracy of the measurements.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.1.1 Test Method E228 shall be used for temperatures other than −30°C to 30°C.
1.1.2 This test method shall not be used for measurements on materials having a very low coefficient of expansion (less than
−6
1 × 101 /°C). μm/(m.°C). For materials having very low coefficient of expansion, interferometer or capacitance techniques are
recommended.
1.1.3 Alternative technique commonly used for measuring this property is thermomechanical analysis as described in Test
Method E831, which permits measurement of this property over a scanned temperature range.
1.2 The thermal expansion of a plastic is composed of a reversible component on which are superimposed changes in length
due to changes in moisture content, curing, loss of plasticizer or solvents, release of stresses, phase changes and other factors. This
test method is intended for determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion under the exclusion of these factors as far as
possible. In general, it will not be possible to exclude the effect of these factors completely. For this reason, the test method can
be expected to give only an approximation to the true thermal expansion.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E831 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties (Section
D20.30.07).
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008April 1, 2016. Published November 2008April 2016. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
ɛ1
D696 – 03.D696 – 08 . DOI: 10.1520/D0696-08E01.10.1520/D0696-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D696 − 16
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883 unless otherwise specified.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method is intended to provide a means of determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of plastics which
are not distorted or indented
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.