ASTM D6341-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Plastic Lumber and Plastic Lumber Shapes Between –30 and 140°F (–34.4 and 60°C)
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Plastic Lumber and Plastic Lumber Shapes Between –30 and 140°F (–34.4 and 60°C)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The coefficient of linear thermal expansion, α, between temperatures T1 and T2 for a specimen whose length is L0 at the reference temperature, is given by the following equation:
Where L1 and L2 are the specimen lengths at temperatures T1 and T2, respectively. α is, therefore, obtained by dividing the linear expansion per unit length by the change in temperature.
5.2 The nature of most plastics and the construction applications for which plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are used, make –30 to 140°F (–34.4 to 60°C) a practical temperature range for linear thermal expansion measurements. Where testing outside of this temperature range or when linear thermal expansion characteristics of a particular plastic are not known through this temperature range, particular attention shall be paid to the factors mentioned in 1.2 and it is possible that special preliminary investigations by thermo-mechanical analysis, such as what is prescribed in Practice D4065 for the location of transition temperatures, will be required, in order to avoid excessive error. If such a transition point is located, a separate coefficient of expansion for a temperature range below and above the transition point shall be determined. For specification and comparison purposes (provided it is known that no transition exists in this range), the range from –30 to 140°F (–34.4 to 60°C) shall be used. (For reference, glass transition and melting point temperatures of typical resins used in plastic lumber products are given in Appendix X2 of this test method.)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion for plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes to two significant figures. The determination is made by taking measurements with a caliper at three discrete temperatures. At the test temperatures and under the stresses imposed, the plastic lumber shall have a negligible creep or elastic strain rate, or both, insofar as these properties would significantly affect the accuracy of the measurements.
1.1.1 This test method details the determination of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes in their “as manufactured” form. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not a material property test method.
1.2 The thermal expansion of plastic lumber and shapes is composed of a reversible component on which it is possible to superimpose changes in length due to changes in moisture content, curing, loss of plasticizer or solvents, release of stresses, phase changes, voids, inclusions, and other factors. This test method is intended to determine the coefficient of linear thermal expansion under the exclusion of non-linear factors as far as possible. In general, it will not be possible to exclude the effect of these factors completely. For this reason, the test method can be expected to give a reasonable approximation but not necessarily precise determination of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion.
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are currently made predominately with recycled plastics where the product is non-homogeneous in the cross-section. However, it is possible that this test method will also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins or other plastic composite materials.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.6 This internation...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6341 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion of Plastic Lumber and Plastic Lumber Shapes
1
Between –30 and 140°F (–34.4 and 60°C)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6341; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coef-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ficient of linear thermal expansion for plastic lumber and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
plastic lumber shapes to two significant figures. The determi-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
nation is made by taking measurements with a caliper at three
discrete temperatures. At the test temperatures and under the
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
stresses imposed, the plastic lumber shall have a negligible
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
creep or elastic strain rate, or both, insofar as these properties
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
would significantly affect the accuracy of the measurements.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.1.1 Thistestmethoddetailsthedeterminationofthelinear
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
coefficient of thermal expansion of plastic lumber and plastic
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
lumber shapes in their “as manufactured” form.As such, this is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or
shapes as a product and not a material property test method. 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 The thermal expansion of plastic lumber and shapes is
composed of a reversible component on which it is possible to D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-
superimpose changes in length due to changes in moisture
content, curing, loss of plasticizer or solvents, release of ties: Determination and Report of Procedures
D6117 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Plastic
stresses, phase changes, voids, inclusions, and other factors.
This test method is intended to determine the coefficient of Lumber and Shapes
linear thermal expansion under the exclusion of non-linear E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
factors as far as possible. In general, it will not be possible to E831 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
exclude the effect of these factors completely. For this reason, Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
the test method can be expected to give a reasonable approxi-
3. Terminology
mation but not necessarily precise determination of the linear
coefficient of thermal expansion. 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions of terms applying to these test methods
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are currently
appear in Terminology D883. For terms relating to precision
made predominately with recycled plastics where the product
and bias and associated issues, the terms used in this test
is non-homogeneous in the cross-section. However, it is
method are in accordance with the definitions in Terminology
possible that this test method will also be applicable to similar
E456.
manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins or other
3.1.2 plastic lumber, n—a manufactured product made pri-
plastic composite materials.
marily from plastic materials (filled or unfilled), typically used
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as a building material for purposes similar to those of tradi-
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
tional lumber, which is usually rectangular in cross-section.
information only.
(Terminology D883)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
2
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D6341 - 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6341 − 16 D6341 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion of Plastic Lumber and Plastic Lumber Shapes
1
Between –30 and 140°F (–34.4 and 60°C)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6341; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion for plastic lumber and plastic lumber
shapes to two significant figures. The determination is made by taking measurements with a caliper at three discrete temperatures.
At the test temperatures and under the stresses imposed, the plastic lumber shall have a negligible creep or elastic strain rate, or
both, insofar as these properties would significantly affect the accuracy of the measurements.
1.1.1 This test method details the determination of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of plastic lumber and plastic lumber
shapes in their “as manufactured” form. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as
a product and not a material property test method.
1.2 The thermal expansion of plastic lumber and shapes is composed of a reversible component on which it is possible to
superimpose changes in length due to changes in moisture content, curing, loss of plasticizer or solvents, release of stresses, phase
changes, voids, inclusions, and other factors. This test method is intended to determine the coefficient of linear thermal expansion
under the exclusion of non-linear factors as far as possible. In general, it will not be possible to exclude the effect of these factors
completely. For this reason, the test method can be expected to give a reasonable approximation but not necessarily precise
determination of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion.
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are currently made predominately with recycled plastics where the product is
non-homogeneous in the cross-section. However, it is possible that this test method will also be applicable to similar manufactured
plastic products made from virgin resins or other plastic composite materials.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016Jan. 15, 2021. Published April 2016January 2021. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 as
D6341 - 14a.D6341 - 16. DOI: 10.1520/D6341-16.10.1520/D6341-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6341 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
3
D5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relating to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn 2007)
D6117 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Plastic Lumber and Shapes
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E831 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions of terms applying to these test methods appear in Terminology D883. For terms relating to precision an
...
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