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ASTM D7528-13

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bench Oxidation of Engine Oils by ROBO Apparatus

Standard Test Method for Bench Oxidation of Engine Oils by ROBO Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This bench test method is intended to produce comparable oil aging characteristics to those obtained with ASTM TMC Sequence IIIGA matrix reference oils 434, 435 and 438 after aging in the Sequence IIIG engine test.  
5.2 To the extent that the method generates aged oils comparable to those from the Sequence IIIG engine test, the measured increases in kinematic and MRV viscosity indicate the tendency of an oil to thicken because of volatilization and oxidation, as in the Sequence IIIG and IIIGA (see Appendix X1 in Test Method D7320) engine tests, respectively.  
5.3 This bench test procedure has potential use in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as Specification D4485.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a bench procedure to simulate the oil aging encountered in Test Method D7320, the Sequence IIIG engine test method. These aged oils are then tested for kinematic viscosity and for low-temperature pumpability properties as described in the Sequence IIIGA engine test, Appendix X1 of Test Method D7320.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—There are no SI equivalents for some apparatus in Section 6, and there are some figures where inch units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Sections 7 and 8.  
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Reference Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Hazards  
8  
Reference Oil Testing and Test Stand Calibration  
9  
Procedure  
10  
Cleaning  
11  
Calculations and Determination of Test Results  
12  
Report  
13  
Precision and Bias  
14  
Keywords  
15  
Annexes  
Reaction Vessel  
Annex A1  
Reaction Vessel Head  
Annex A2  
Reaction Vessel-to-Head Seal  
Annex A3  
Agitator Turbine Blade  
Annex A4  
Agitator Packing Gland  
Annex A5  
Nitrogen Dioxide Graduated Tube  
Annex A6  
Vacuum System Plumbing  
Annex A7  
Vacuum Trap Condensers  
Annex A8  
Setting the Vacuum Control Valve  
Annex A9  
Appendixes  
Sample Preparation and Addition  
Appendix X1  
Charging the Liquid Nitrogen Dioxide  
Appendix X2  
Nitrogen Dioxide Precision Needle Valve  
Appendix X3  
Example of an Assembled ROBO Apparatus  
Appendix X4  
Information Package to Aid Setting Up a New Robo Apparatus  
Appendix X5

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2013
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.07 - Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7528-09 - Standard Test Method for Bench Oxidation of Engine Oils by ROBO Apparatus
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D7528-17 - Standard Test Method for Bench Oxidation of Engine Oils by ROBO Apparatus
Effective Date
01-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-May-2013

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7528 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Bench Oxidation of Engine Oils by ROBO Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7528; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
2
this test method. However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By these means, the laboratory
will know whether its use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a
requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the portions of the test
method that refer to the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may
simply ignore these portions.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method.
1. Scope* bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
statements are given in Sections 7 and 8.
1.1 This test method describes a bench procedure to simu-
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:
late the oil aging encountered in Test Method D7320, the
Section
Sequence IIIG engine test method. These aged oils are then
Scope 1
tested for kinematic viscosity and for low-temperature pump-
Reference Documents 2
ability properties as described in the Sequence IIIGA engine Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
test, Appendix X1 of Test Method D7320.
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus 6
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
Reagents and Materials 7
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Hazards 8
standard.
Reference Oil Testing and Test Stand Calibration 9
Procedure 10
1.2.1 Exceptions—There are no SI equivalents for some
Cleaning 11
apparatus in Section 6, and there are some figures where inch
Calculations and Determination of Test Results 12
units are to be regarded as standard.
Report 13
Precision and Bias 14
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Keywords 15
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Annexes
Reaction Vessel Annex A1
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Reaction Vessel Head Annex A2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Reaction Vessel-to-Head Seal Annex A3
Agitator Turbine Blade Annex A4
Agitator Packing Gland Annex A5
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Nitrogen Dioxide Graduated Tube Annex A6
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Vacuum System Plumbing Annex A7
Vacuum Trap Condensers Annex A8
Subcommittee D02.B0.07 on Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests
Setting the Vacuum Control Valve Annex A9
Methods.
Appendixes
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally
Sample Preparation and Addition Appendix X1
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7528 – 09. DOI:
Charging the Liquid Nitrogen Dioxide Appendix X2
10.1520/D7528-13.
2 Nitrogen Dioxide Precision Needle Valve Appendix X3
ASTMTestMonitoringCenter,6555PennAvenue,Pittsburgh,PA15206-4489.
Example of an Assembled ROBO Apparatus Appendix X4
www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7528 − 13
across the liquid surface under negative pressure. In addition,
Section
Information Package to Aid Setting Up a New Robo Apparatus Appendix X5
nitrogen dioxide and air are introduced below the reaction
surface. After cooling, the oxidized, concentrated test oil is
2. Referenced Documents
subjected to pertinent viscometric tests. Evaporated oil is
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
condensed in order to weigh it and calculate evaporative loss.
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
5. Significance and Use
ity)
5.1 This bench test method is intended to produce compa-
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
rable oil ag
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7528 − 09 D7528 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Bench Oxidation of Engine Oils by ROBO Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7528; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
2
this test method. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By these means, the laboratory
will know whether its use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a
requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the portions of the test
method that refer to the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may
simply ignore these portions.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method describes a bench procedure to simulate the oil aging encountered in Test Method D7320, the Sequence
IIIG engine test method. These aged oils are then tested for kinematic viscosity and for low-temperature pumpability properties
as described in the Sequence IIIGA engine test, Appendix X1 of Test Method D7320.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—There are no SI equivalents for some apparatus in Section 6, and there are some figures where inch units are
to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Sections 7 and 8.
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:
Section
Scope 1
Reference Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus 6
Reagents and Materials 7
Hazards 8
Reference Oil Testing and Test Stand Calibration 9
Procedure 10
Cleaning 11
Calculations and Determination of Test Results 12
Report 13
Precision and Bias 14
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.07
on Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests Methods.
Current edition approved April 15, 2009May 1, 2013. Published June 2009June 2013. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7528 – 09.
DOI: 10.1520/D7528-09.10.1520/D7528-13.
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7528 − 13
Section
Keywords 15
Annexes
Reaction Vessel Annex A1
Reaction Vessel Head Annex A2
Reaction Vessel-to-Head Seal Annex A3
Agitator Turbine Blade Annex A4
Agitator Packing Gland Annex A5
Nitrogen Dioxide Graduated Tube Annex A6
Vacuum System Plumbing Annex A7
Vacuum Trap Condensers Annex A8
Setting the Vacuum Control Valve Annex A9
Appendixes
Sample Preparation and Addition Appendix X1
Charging the Liquid Nitrogen Dioxide Appendix X2
Nitrogen Dioxide Precision Needle Valve Appendix X3
Example of an Assembled ROBO Apparatus Appendix X4
Information Package to Aid Setting Up a New Robo Apparatus Appendix X5
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Servic
...

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Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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