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ASTM D1093-04(2007)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues

Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Some petroleum products are treated with mineral acid as part of the refining procedure. Obviously, any residual mineral acid in a petroleum product is undesirable. The absence of a positive indication in the test for acidity of the distillation residue or aqueous extract of a hydrocarbon liquid is an assurance of the care used in refining the fuel or solvent.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the acidity of hydrocarbon liquids and their distillation residues. (Warning-Many hydrocarbon liquids are extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Hydrocarbon liquid vapors can cause a flash fire.)
1.2 If desired to determine the basicity of a hydrocarbon liquid, proceed in accordance with 9.2 or 9.3, but substitute 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution for the methyl orange indicator. A pink or red color in the aqueous solution when phenolphthalein is used indicates basicity.
1.3 The results obtained by this method are qualitative expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in the procedure, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2007
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.06 - Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1093-04 - Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D1093-11 - Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011

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ASTM D1093-04(2007) - Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation ResiduesASTM D1093-04(2007) - Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
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ASTM D1093-04(2007) - Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1093–04 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation
Residues
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-
ganic Liquids
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
the acidity of hydrocarbon liquids and their distillation resi-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
dues. (Warning—Many hydrocarbon liquids are extremely
Petroleum Products
flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Hydrocarbon liquid vapors can
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
cause a flash fire.)
Petroleum Products
1.2 If desired to determine the basicity of a hydrocarbon
liquid, proceed in accordance with 9.2 or 9.3, but substitute 3
3. Terminology
drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution for the methyl
3.1 Definitions:
orange indicator. A pink or red color in the aqueous solution
3.1.1 acidity, n—the quality, state or degree of being acid.
when phenolphthalein is used indicates basicity.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the criterion for
1.3 The results obtained by this method are qualitative
acidity is a pink or red color when methyl orange indicator is
expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in
used.
the procedure, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.2 basicity, n—the quality, state or degree of being basic.
standard.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In this test method, the criterion for
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
basicity is a pink or red color when phenolphthalein indicator
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is used.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 distillation residue, n—that portion of the sample
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
remaining after distillation using specified procedures.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.1 The sample of distillation residue or hydrocarbon liquid
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is shaken with water and the aqueous layer tested for acidity to
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
methyl orange indicator.
Atmospheric Pressure
4.2 The aqueous layer can also be tested for basicity using
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
phenolphthalein indicator.
Oils
D850 Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic
5. Significance and Use
Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
5.1 Some petroleum products are treated with mineral acid
as part of the refining procedure. Obviously, any residual
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
mineral acid in a petroleum product is undesirable. The
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
absence of a positive indication in the test for acidity of the
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
distillation residue or aqueous extract of a hydrocarbon liquid
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D1093 – 04. DOI: is an assurance of the care used in refining the fuel or solvent.
10.1520/D1093-04R07.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6. Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Centrifuge Tube, cone-shaped, 100-mL capacity; cali-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. bration not necessary.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1093–04 (2007)
6.2 Centrifuge, capable of swinging two centrifuge tubes at 9.2 Distillation Residue—After measuring the percent resi-
1500 rpm. due collected from the distillation by Test Method D86, Test
Method D850, or Test Method D1078 as required, extract the
NOTE 1—Apparatus used for Test Method D91 is satisfactory.
residuewithwaterasdescribedbelow.Useeitherthegraduated
7. Reagents cylinder containing the residue from the distillation procedure
directly or another appropriately sized container, such as a test
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
tube, especially if the volume of water plus residue would
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
make an extraction in the original graduated cylinder imprac-
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
tic
...

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1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
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Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure

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Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D665-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is also used for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
Note 3: This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid in preventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.
Note 1: For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of chemically resistant material suitable for the type of fluid tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4 – 7.6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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