ASTM C650-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances
Standard Test Method for Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for testing ceramic tile that are to be used for food counters, lavatories, and similar residential, medical, and commercial installations, where they may come in contact with food, chemical, and waste substances and for tile in areas where they may be exposed to contact with strong cleaning agents.
The specification of 10 % hydrochloric acid solution and 10 % potassium hydroxide solution as normal testing fluids, and the length of exposure time and temperature are based on experimental laboratory work and interlaboratory tests, where it was indicated that resistance to these two substances probably assures resistance also to any other acidic or alkaline substance coming in contact with tile, except hydrofluoric acid.
The validity of using color difference as means of determining the degree to which tile surfaces are affected by acids and alkalies has been established by interlaboratory test and was found to be more reliable than the determination of loss of gloss, particularly for unglazed tile and mat or semimat glazed surfaces. Lack of coordination between instrumental value and visual effect was noted only in the case of minute surface changes, detectable only by oblique viewing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining whether, and to what degree, ceramic tiles are affected by prolonged exposure to chemical substances that are commonly used in the household or for cleaning purposes as well as other more severe conditions.
1.2 The units used for concentration in this standard are v/v which refers to the volume of reagent/1 L of solution and g/L which refers to the weight of reagent, in g, to be dissolved in 1 L of water.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 650 – 04
Standard Test Method for
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Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 650; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.3 The validity of using color difference as means of
determining the degree to which tile surfaces are affected by
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining
acids and alkalies has been established by interlaboratory test
whether, and to what degree, ceramic tiles are affected by
and was found to be more reliable than the determination of
prolonged exposure to chemical substances that are commonly
loss of gloss, particularly for unglazed tile and mat or semimat
used in the household or for cleaning purposes as well as other
glazed surfaces. Lack of coordination between instrumental
more severe conditions.
value and visual effect was noted only in the case of minute
1.2 The units used for concentration in this standard are v/v
surface changes, detectable only by oblique viewing.
which refers to the volume of reagent/1 L of solution and g/L
which refers to the weight of reagent, in g, to be dissolved in
4. Apparatus
1 L of water.
4.1 Test Tubes, plain-end flint glass test tubes with a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
diameter of 20 mm and a length of 150 mm.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Pipets, glass with a volume of at least 50 mL with
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
gradations in 1-mL increments.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.3 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
110 6 5°C.
2. Summary of Test Method 4.4 Pencil, HB hardness grade.
4.5 Cloths, a supply of lintless, absorbent cloths or paper
2.1 This test method calls for one or more tests, each
towels.
consisting of exposing flat pieces of ceramic tile to the action
4.6 Distilled or Deionized Water, for preparation of the
of a specific chemical substance for a definite period of time at
solutions.
a prescribed temperature. After exposure, the surfaces of the
4.7 Light Source, standard, that supplies a 300 lux of
tile are rinsed with water and inspected for effect.
illumination.
3. Significance and Use
5. Reagents
3.1 This test method is intended for testing ceramic tile that
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
are to be used for food counters, lavatories, and similar
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
residential, medical, and commercial installations, where they
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on
may come in contact with food, chemical, and waste sub-
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
stances and for tile in areas where they may be exposed to
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such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
contact with strong cleaning agents.
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
3.2 The specification of 10 % hydrochloric acid solution
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
and 10 % potassium hydroxide solution as normal testing
the determination.
fluids, and the length of exposure time and temperature are
5.2 The required dilutions for the preparation of each test
based on experimental laboratory work and interlaboratory
solution is found in Table 1 of this test method.
tests, where it was indicated that resistance to these two
5.2.1 Common Household and Cleaning Chemicals:
substances probably assures resistance also to any other acidic
5.2.1.1 Acetic acid, 3 % (v/v).
or alkaline substance coming in contact with tile, except
5.2.1.2 Acetic acid, 10 % (v/v).
hydrofluoric acid.
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Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
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ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile. Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeial
Current edition approved August 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 650–97. MD.
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