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ASTM B117-03

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus

Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the apparatus, procedure, and conditions required to create and maintain the salt spray (fog) test environment. Suitable apparatus which may be used is described in Appendix X1.
1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of test specimen or exposure periods to be used for a specific product, nor the interpretation to be given to the results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information and may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2003
ICS
77.060 - Corrosion of metals
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.05 - Laboratory Corrosion Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B117-02 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Replaced By
ASTM B117-07 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1401-23 - Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM F2832-11(2021) - Standard Guide for Accelerated Corrosion Testing for Mechanical Fasteners
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM A1124/A1124M-23 - Standard Specification for Textured Epoxy-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM D1735-21 - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1075-97(2018) - Standard Specification for Dehumidifier, Shipboard, Mechanically Refrigerated, Self-Contained
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1003-19 - Standard Specification for Searchlights on Motor Lifeboats
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM F2412-18a - Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM D1654-08(2016)e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM F852/F852M-22 - Standard Specification for Portable Gasoline, Kerosene, and Diesel Containers for Consumer Use
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM F2413-18 - Standard Specification for Performance Requirements for Protective (Safety) Toe Cap Footwear
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1941/F1941M-16 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on Mechanical Fasteners, Inch and Metric
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM F381-16 - Standard Safety Specification for Components, Assembly, Use, and Labeling of Consumer Trampolines
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003

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ASTM B117-03 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusASTM B117-03 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
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ASTM B117-03 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B117–03
Standard Practice for
1
Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
6
1. Scope Determine the Precision of a Test Method
7
G85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
1.1 This practice covers the apparatus, procedure, and
conditions required to create and maintain the salt spray (fog)
3. Significance and Use
test environment. Suitable apparatus which may be used is
3.1 This practice provides a controlled corrosive environ-
described in Appendix X1.
ment which has been utilized to produce relative corrosion
1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of test speci-
resistance information for specimens of metals and coated
men or exposure periods to be used for a specific product, nor
metals exposed in a given test chamber.
the interpretation to be given to the results.
3.2 Prediction of performance in natural environments has
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
seldom been correlated with salt spray results when used as
standard.The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for
stand alone data.
information and may be approximate.
3.2.1 Correlation and extrapolation of corrosion perfor-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mance based on exposure to the test environment provided by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
this practice are not always predictable.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 Correlation and extrapolation should be considered
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
onlyincaseswhereappropriatecorroboratinglong-termatmo-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
spheric exposures have been conducted.
2. Referenced Documents 3.3 The reproducibility of results in the salt spray exposure
is highly dependent on the type of specimens tested and the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the
B368 Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt
2
operating variables. In any testing program, sufficient repli-
Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)
cates should be included to establish the variability of the
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
results. Variability has been observed when similar specimens
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
3 are tested in different fog chambers even though the testing
Related Coating Products
4
conditions are nominally similar and within the ranges speci-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
fied in this practice.
D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
3
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
4. Apparatus
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the
5 4.1 The apparatus required for salt spray (fog) exposure
Glass Electrode
consists of a fog chamber, a salt solution reservoir, a supply of
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
suitably conditioned compressed air, one or more atomizing
nozzles,specimensupports,provisionforheatingthechamber,
1
and necessary means of control. The size and detailed con-
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory
struction of the apparatus are optional, provided the conditions
Corrosion Tests.
obtained meet the requirements of this practice.
Current edition approved October 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as B117–02.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
4 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
5 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B117–03
4.2 Drops of solution which accumulate on the ceiling or and preferably parallel to the principal direction of flow of fog
cover of the chamber shall not be permitted to fall on the through the chamber, based upon the dominant surface being
specimens being exposed. tested.
4.3 Drops of solution which fall from the specimens shall 7.1.2 The specimens shall not contact each other or any
not be returned to the solution reservoir for respraying. metallic material or any
...

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4.1 Polythionic acids are chemically described as H2SxO6, where x is usually 3, 4, or 5 (1)3 though can be more than 50 (2). These acid environments provide a way of evaluating the resistance of stainless steels and related alloys to intergranular stress corrosion cracking. Failure is accelerated by the presence of increasing amounts of intergranular precipitate. Results for the polythionic acid test have not been correlated exactly with those of intergranular corrosion tests (Test Methods G28). Also, this test may not be relevant to stress corrosion cracking in chlorides or caustic environments.  
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for preparing and conducting the polythionic acid test at room temperature, 22 °C to 25 °C (72 °F to 77 °F), to determine the relative susceptibility of stainless steels or other related materials (nickel-chromium-iron alloys) to intergranular stress corrosion cracking.  
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1.3 This practice can be applied to wrought products, castings, and weld metal of stainless steels or other related materials to be used in environments containing sulfur or sulfides. Other materials capable of being sensitized can also be tested in accordance with this test.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Moist air containing sulfur dioxide quickly produces easily visible corrosion on many metals in a form resembling that occurring in industrial environments. It is therefore a test medium well suited to detect pores or other sources of weakness in protective coatings and deficiencies in corrosion resistance associated with unsuitable alloy composition or treatments.  
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Standard Test Method for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Alloys with Different Nickel Content in Boiling Acidified Sodium Chloride Solution

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to compare alloys and may be used as one method of screening materials prior to service. In general, this test method is more useful for stainless steels than the boiling magnesium chloride test of Practice G36. The boiling magnesium chloride test cracks materials with the nickel levels found in relatively resistant austenitic and duplex stainless steels, thus making comparisons and evaluations for many service environments difficult.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The U-bend specimen may be used for any metal alloy sufficiently ductile to be formed into the U-shape without mechanically cracking. The specimen is most easily made from strip or sheet but can be machined from plate, bar, castings, or weldments; wire specimens may be used also.  
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and using U-bend specimens for the evaluation of stress-corrosion cracking in metals. The U-bend specimen is generally a rectangular strip that is bent 180° around a predetermined radius and maintained in this constant strain condition during the stress-corrosion test. Bends slightly less than or greater than 180° are sometimes used. Typical U-bend configurations showing several different methods of maintaining the applied stress are shown in Fig. 1.  
FIG. 1 Typical Stressed U-bends  
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5.1 Autoclave tests are commonly used to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic and non-metallic materials under simulated HP and HTHP service conditions. Examples of service environments in which HP and HTHP corrosion tests have been used include chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, food processing, pressurized cooling water, electric power systems, and aerospace propulsion.  
5.2 For the applications of corrosion testing listed in 5.1, the service environment involves handling corrosive and potentially hazardous media under conditions of high pressure or high temperature, or both. The temperature and pressure, among other parameters, usually drive the composition and properties of the aqueous phase and, hence, the severity of the corrosion process. Consequently, the laboratory evaluation of corrosion severity cannot be performed in conventional low pressure glassware without making potentially invalid assumptions as to the potential effects of high temperature and pressure on corrosion severity.  
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1.1 This guide covers procedures, specimens, and equipment for conducting laboratory corrosion tests on metallic materials under conditions of high pressure (HP) or the combination of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP). See 3.2 for definitions of high pressure and temperature.  
1.2 The procedures and methods in this guide are applicable for conducting mass loss corrosion, localized corrosion, and electrochemical tests as well as for use in environmentally induced cracking tests that need to be conducted under HP or HTHP conditions.  
1.3 The primary purpose for this guide is to promote consistency of corrosion test results. Furthermore, this guide will aid in the comparison of corrosion data between laboratories or testing organizations that utilize different equipment.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is important to be able to determine the extent of pitting, either in a service application in which it is necessary to predict the remaining life in a metal structure, or in laboratory test programs that are used to select the most pitting-resistant materials for service. The purpose of the study is crucial in determining the appropriate examination and evaluation steps.  
4.2 Some typical purposes of laboratory tests include, but are not limited to, evaluating performance of alloys, determining whether an alloy is resistant to the environment, evaluating how environmental conditions including corrosion inhibitor affect or prevent pitting, and evaluating whether a lot of metal is sufficiently resistant for its use in a particular application or environment.  
4.3 Some typical purposes of field studies include, but are not limited to, determining if pits are likely to grow and cause leak or release of process fluid, and assisting a determination of whether to replace or repair damage from pits (remaining life assessment).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection of procedures that can be used in the examination and evaluation of pitted metals. These procedures include both nondestructive and destructive approaches.  
1.2 The procedures covered in this guide include those that may be used in laboratory evaluations of corroded metal specimens and field examinations and inspections.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—In X1.2.1, mils per year (MPY) are regarded as standard for the target corrosion rate.  
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Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of Bent-Beam Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bent-beam specimen is designed for determining the stress-corrosion behavior of alloy sheets and plates in a variety of environments. The bent-beam specimens are designed for testing at stress levels below the elastic limit of the alloy. For testing in the plastic range, U-bend specimens should be employed (see Practice G30). Although it is possible to stress bent-beam specimens into the plastic range, the stress level cannot be calculated for plastically-stressed three- and four-point loaded specimens as well as the double-beam specimens. Therefore, the use of bent-beam specimens in the plastic range is not recommended for general use.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for designing, preparing, and using bent-beam stress-corrosion specimens.  
1.2 Different specimen configurations are given for use with different product forms, such as sheet or plate. This practice is applicable to specimens of any metal that are stressed to levels less than the elastic limit of the material, and therefore, the applied stress can be accurately calculated or measured (see Note 1). Stress calculations by this practice are not applicable to plastically stressed specimens.  
Note 1: It is the nature of these practices that only the applied stress can be calculated. Since stress-corrosion cracking is a function of the total stress, for critical applications and proper interpretation of results, the residual stress (before applying external stress) or the total elastic stress (after applying external stress) should be determined by appropriate nondestructive methods, such as X-ray diffraction (1).2  
1.3 Test procedures are given for stress-corrosion testing by exposure to gaseous and liquid environments.  
1.4 The bent-beam test is best suited for flat product forms, such as sheet, strip, and plate. For plate material the bent-beam specimen is more difficult to use because more rugged specimen holders must be built to accommodate the specimens. A double-beam modification of a four-point loaded specimen to utilize heavier materials is described in 10.5.  
1.5 The exposure of specimens in a corrosive environment is treated only briefly since other practices deal with this aspect, for example, Practices D1141, G30, G36, G44, G50, and G85. The experimenter is referred to ASTM Special Technical Publication 425 (2).  
1.6 The bent-beam practice generally constitutes a constant strain (deflection) test. Once cracking has initiated, the state of stress at the tip of the crack as well as in uncracked areas has changed, and therefore, the known or calculated stress or strain values discussed in this practice apply only to the state of stress existing before initiation of cracks.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety hazard information see Section 7 and 12.1.)  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM G186-05(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Whether Gas-Leak-Detector Fluid Solutions Can Cause Stress Corrosion Cracking of Brass Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Brass components are routinely used in compressed gas service for valves, pressure regulators, connectors and many other components. Although soft brass is not susceptible to ammonia SCC, work-hardened brass is susceptible if its hardness exceeds about 54 HR 30T (55HRB) (Rockwell scale). Normal assembly of brass components should not induce sufficient work hardening to cause susceptibility to ammonia SCC. However, it is has been observed that over-tightening of the components will render them susceptible to SCC, and the problem becomes more severe in older components that have been tightened many times. In this test, the specimens are obtained in the hardened condition and are strained beyond the elastic limit to accelerate the tendency towards SCC.  
5.2 It is normal practice to use LDFs to check pressurized systems to assure that leaking is not occurring. LDFs are usually aqueous solutions containing surfactants that will form bubbles at the site of a leak. If the LDF contains ammonia or other agent that can cause SCC in brass, serious damage can occur to the system that will compromise its safety and integrity.  
5.3 It is important to test LDFs to assure that they do not cause SCC of brass and to assure that the use of these products does not compromise the integrity of the pressure containing system.  
5.4 It has been found that corrosion of brass is necessary before SCC can occur. The reason for this is that the corrosion process results in cupric and cuprous ions accumulating in the electrolyte. Therefore, adding copper metal and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) to the aqueous solution accelerates the SCC process if agents that cause SCC are present. However, adding these components to a solution that does not cause SCC will not make stressed brass crack.  
5.5 Repeated application of the solution to the specimen followed by a drying period causes the components in the solution to concentrate thereby further increasing the rate of cracking. This also simulates se...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated test method for evaluating the tendency of gas leak detection fluids (LDFs) to cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass components in compressed gas service.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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