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ASTM C147-86(2005)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers

Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the determination of the breaking strength of glass containers when subjected to internal pressure. These test methods are intended to determine the pressure strength of containers manufactured to contain products reasonably expected to develop a sustained pressure after processing. Two test methods are covered as follows: Test Method A - application of uniform internal pressure for a predetermined period and Test Method B - Application of internal pressure increasing at a predetermined constant rate.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the breaking strength of glass containers when subjected to internal pressure. These test methods are intended to determine the pressure strength of containers manufactured to contain products reasonably expected to develop a sustained pressure of 138 kPa (20 psi) or greater, after processing. Two test methods are covered as follows: SectionsTest Method A-Application of Uniform Internal Pressure for a Predetermined Period5-7Test Method B-Application of Internal Pressure Increasing at a Predetermined Constant Rate8-10
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-1991
ICS
81.040.30 - Glass products
Technical Committee
C14 - Glass and Glass Products
Drafting Committee
C14.07 - Glass Containers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C147-86(2000) - Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers
Effective Date
01-May-1991
Replaced By
ASTM C147-86(2010) - Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers
Effective Date
01-Mar-2010
Referred By
ASTM C224-78(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
Effective Date
01-May-1991

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ASTM C147-86(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C147–86 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Methods for
Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Sampling
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 3.1 Methods of sampling a minimum lot from a group of
breakingstrengthofglasscontainerswhensubjectedtointernal containers of a given type are given in Practice C224, for the
pressure. These test methods are intended to determine the various situations to which it may apply.
pressure strength of containers manufactured to contain prod-
4. Precision and Bias
ucts reasonably expected to develop a sustained pressure of
4.1 Statements regarding either precision or bias of the
138 kPa (20 psi) or greater, after processing. Two test methods
are covered as follows: internal pressure test results are not possible because suitable
internal pressure reference test materials are not available.
Sections
Test Method A—Application of Uniform Internal Pressure for a
4.2 Test Method A—The pressure test precision is within
Predetermined Period 5-7
one half the incremental step size used at failure. Pressure test
Test Method B—Application of Internal Pressure Increasing at a
bias is generally within 61 % of full scale.
Predetermined Constant Rate 8-10
4.3 Test Method B—Thepressuretestprecisioniswithin 61
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
psi (7 kPa). Pressure test bias is generally within 6 % of full
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
scale.
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
TEST METHODA—APPLICATION OF UNIFORM
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
INTERNALPRESSURE FORAPREDETERMINED
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
PERIOD
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 The apparatus shall embody the following principles:
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 The bottles to be tested shall be held in such a manner
2.1 ASTM Standards:
that the bottle is not clamped, but is suspended from the bead
C224 Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
of the finish.
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
5.1.2 There shall be a resilient sealing member that shall act
C 147 Single-head hydraulic testing machine (8 blueprints)
with the sealing surface of the container to retain the pressur-
izing medium during the period of the test.
1 5.1.3 There shall be a means of applying fluid pressure to a
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on
predetermined level at a minimum rate of 69 MPa (10 000
Glass and Glass Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.07
on Glass Containers.
psi)/min and of maintaining that pressure constant during the
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally
period of test. Applied incremental fluid pressure levels shall
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C147 – 76 (2000).
be provided extending over the range from 0.18 MPa (25 psi)
DOI: 10.1520/C0147-86R05.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or to at least 2.41 MPa (350 psi). The applied fluid pressure level
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
shall be reproducible to within 61 % of full scale.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.1.4 An automatically controlled timing mechanism shall
the ASTM website.
be built into the apparatus so that the container will be subject
Single-head automatic sustained pressure testing machine developed byAmeri-
can Glass Research, Inc., Butler, PA, meets these requirements for durations greater
to uniform internal pressure for a predetermined period which
than 15 s. Detailed working drawings of this machine are available from ASTM
shall be not less than 3 s nor more than 1 min (Note 1). The
Headquarters. An increment pressure tester developed by the same laboratory is
period of test shall be reproducible within 62%.
suitable for shorter durations. Available from ASTM International Headquarters.
Order Adjunct No. ADJC0147.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
C147–86 (2005)
NOTE 1—For test durations between 3 s and 1 min, the actual pressure
TEST METHOD B—APPLICATION OF INTERNAL
(P ) can be converted to the 1-min pressure (P ) calculated as follows:
I 60
PRESSURE INCREASINGATAPREDETERMINED
CONSTANT RATE
7.97 1 1.53 log t
P 5 P (1)
S D
60 I
10.69
8. Apparatus
where t is the duration of the test in s. For instance, the actual pressure in
8.1 The apparatus shall embody the following principles:
a 3-s test would be multiplied by 0.81 in order to be equivalent to the
8.1.1 The bottles to be tested shall be held in such a manner
pressure at a test period of 1 min.
that the bottle is not clamped, but is suspended from the bead
of the finish.
6. Procedure
8.1.2 There shall be a resilient sealing member which shall
6.1 Fill the containers with water or other low-density act with the sealing surface of the container to retain the
liquid, if such is used as the medium for applying pressure. pressurizing medium during the period of the test.
6.2 Use one of the following test procedures, depending 8.1.3 There shall be a means of applying fluid pressure
upon the purpose of the test: increasing at a predetermined constant rate until the container
fails or a predetermined level is reached. The rate of increase
6.2.1 Pass Test—Apply the inte
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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6.2 Use of this practice assumes:  
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Note 4: The designer/engineer must determine what constitutes sufficient glass edge support based on Annex A1, Non-Factored Load Charts.  
6.3 Many other factors shall be considered in glass type and thickness selection. These factors include but are not limited to: thermal stresses, spontaneous breakage of tempered glass, the effects of windborne debris, excessive deflections, behavior of glass fragments after breakage, blast, seismic effects, building movement, heat flow, edge bite, noise abatement, and potential post-breakage consequences. In addition, considerations set forth in building codes along with criteria presented in safety-glazing standards and site-specific concerns may control the ultimate glass type and thickness selection.  
6.4 For situations not specifically addressed in this standard, the design professional shall use enginee...
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1.1 This practice covers procedures to determine the load resistance (LR) of specified glass types, including combinations of glass types used in a sealed insulating glass (IG) unit, exposed to a uniform lateral load of short or long duration, for a specified probability of breakage.  
1.2 This practice applies to vertical and sloped glazing in buildings for which the specified design loads consist of wind load, snow load and self-weight with a total combined magnitude less than or equal to 15 kPa (315 psf). This practice shall not apply to other applications including, but not limited to, balustrades, glass floor panels, aquariums, structural glass members, and glass shelves.  
1.3 This practice applies only to monolithic and laminated glass constructions of rectangular shape with continuous lateral support along one, two, three, or four edges. This practice assumes that (1) the supported glass edges for two, three, and four-sided support conditions are simply supported and free to slip in plane; (2) glass supported on two sides acts as a simply supported beam; and (3) glass supported on one side acts as a cantilever. For insulating glass units, this practice only applies to insulating glass units with four-sided edge support.  
1.4 This practice does not apply to any form of wired, patterned, sandblasted, drilled, notched, or grooved glass. This practice does not apply to glass with surface or edge treatments that reduce the glass strength.
Note 1: Ceramic enamel is known to affect glass load resistance. Consult the manufacturer for guidance.  
1.5 This practice addresses only the determination of the resistance of glass to uniform lateral loads. The final thickness and type of glass selected also depends upon a variety of other factors (see 6.3).  
1.6 Charts in this practice provide a means to determine approximate maximum lateral glass deflection. Appendix X1 provides additional procedures to determine maximu...

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    65 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off