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ASTM E28-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus

Standard Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are intended for determining the softening point of resins (including rosin) and similar materials by means of the ring-and-ball apparatus.  
Note 1-For testing asphalts, tars, and pitches, see Test Methods D 36.
1.1.1 Test method using the manual ring and ball softening point apparatus, and  
1.1.2 Test method using an automated ring and ball softening point apparatus.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-1999
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.34 - Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E28-99(2004) - Standard Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4730-13(2020) - Standard Specification for Flooding Compounds for Telecommunications Wire and Cable
Effective Date
10-Dec-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6493-11(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Softening Point of Hydrocarbon Resins and Rosin Based Resins by Automated Ring-and-Ball Apparatus
Effective Date
10-Dec-1999
Referred By
ASTM E1823-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
Effective Date
10-Dec-1999
Referred By
ASTM B32-20 - Standard Specification for Solder Metal
Effective Date
10-Dec-1999
Referred By
ASTM D804-12(2022) - Standard Terminology Relating to Pine Chemicals, Including Tall Oil and Related Products
Effective Date
10-Dec-1999
Referred By
ASTM D3642-13(2021) - Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Certain Alkali-Soluble Resins
Effective Date
10-Dec-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6090-23 - Standard Test Method for Softening Point Resins (Mettler Cup and Ball Method)
Effective Date
10-Dec-1999
Referred By
ASTM D509-20 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Grading Rosin
Effective Date
10-Dec-1999

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ASTM E28-99 - Standard Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball ApparatusASTM E28-99 - Standard Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus
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ASTM E28-99 - Standard Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 28 – 99
Standard Test Methods for
Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by
1
Ring-and-Ball Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 28; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope ingly thick and slow-flowing materials to softer and less
viscous liquids. For this reason, the determination of the
1.1 These test methods are intended for determining the
softening point must be made by a fixed, arbitrary, and closely
softening point of resins (including rosin and terpene resins)
defined method if the results obtained are to be comparable.
and similar materials by means of the ring-and-ball apparatus.
3.2 In these test methods, the softening point is defined as
NOTE 1—For testing asphalts, tars, and pitches, see Test Methods D 36.
the temperature at which a disk of the sample held within a
1.1.1 Test method using the manual ring and ball softening horizontal ring is forced downward a distance of 25.4 mm (1
point apparatus, and in.) under the weight of a steel ball as the sample is heated at
1.1.2 Test method using an automated ring and ball soften- 5°C/min in a water, glycerin, silicone oil, ethylene glycol/water
ing point apparatus. or glycerin/water bath.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Sample Preparation
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.1 Preparation of Sample by the Pour Method:
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.1.1 This procedure is suitable for materials that can be
heated and poured without adverse effects on the softening
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- point.
4.1.2 Select a sample representative of the material to be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. tested. The sample should consist of flakes, pastilles, or freshly
broken lumps free of oxidized surfaces. Avoid inclusion of
2. Referenced Documents
finely divided material or dust.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.1.3 Select a quantity at least twice that necessary to fill the
D 36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring and desired number of rings, and melt it immediately in a clean
2
Ball Apparatus) container, using an oven, hot plate, sand bath or oil bath to
3
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers prevent local overheating. Take care to avoid incorporating air
E 177 Practice for Use of Terms Precision and Bias in bubbles in the sample. Melt the sample completely, but do not
4
ASTM Test Methods heat it above a temperature necessary to pour the material
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to readily. The time from the beginning of heating to the pouring
4
Determine the Precision of a Test Method of the sample should not exceed 15 min.
NOTE 2—For materials that may be heat sensitive, continuously inert
3. Significance and Use
the flask containing the test specimen with nitrogen (N ) during the
2
3.1 In general, with materials of these types, softening does
remelting procedure.
not take place at a definite temperature. As the temperature
4.1.4 For materials that tend to crack or shrink in the ring on
rises, these materials gradually change from brittle or exceed-
cooling, immediately before filling the ring, preheat the ring to
approximately the temperature at which the material is to be
1
poured. The ring, while being filled, should rest bottom down
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
on a suitable metal surface. Pour the sample into the ring so as
Subcommittee D01.34 on Naval Stores.
to leave an excess on cooling. After cooling a minimum of 30
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1999. Published February 2000. Originally
min, trim off the excess resin on the periphery of the ring. To
published as E 28 – 36 T. Last previous edition E 28 – 97.
2
remove excess resin from the top, cut the excess material off
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
cleanly with a slightly heated knife or spatula, or grasp the ring
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E28
in a pair of tongs and draw the top surface
...

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