ASTM D4175-05e2
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
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An American National Standard
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Designation:D4175–05
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in August 2006.
2
e NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in August 2007.
1. Scope where T is the transmittance.
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum ofaspecifiedreferenceorstandard.Itisimpliedthatcompensationhas
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
Products and Lubricants, except that it does not include
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D 2008
appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants. Meanings of
absorbradiantpowerperunitsampleconcentrationandpath
thesametermsoutsideofapplicationstopetroleum,petroleum
length, expressed by:
products,andlubricantscanbefoundinothercompilationsand
a 5 Af/bc
in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the
where:
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
A = the absorbance,
f = the dilution factor,
2. Terminology
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee volume of solvent.
[D02.04] D 2008
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
showingnoattributesareunderthejurisdictionofSubcommit- acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
tee CS 95. Some abbreviations, acronyms and symbols are point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
included in the list.
DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is
thevaluethattakesintoaccountthespecificationvalue,thetestmethod
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D 6812
precision, and the confidence level desired for defining minimum
abrasion, n—wearbydisplacementofmaterialcausedbyhard
acceptable quality relative to the specification value. [D02.94]
particles or hard protuberances. [D02.B0] D 4998
D 3244
abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuber-
ances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
[D02.L0] D 5182
agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard
(1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
spherical particle that will pass through a filter under
principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental
specified test conditions. This is an indication of the largest
work of some national or international organization, such as
opening in the filter element. [D02.N0] D 4174
the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
(NIST), or (3) a consensus value, based on collaborative
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantpower,expressedby:
experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or
engineering group. [D02.01] D 2699, D 2700, D 6890,
A 5log 1/T! 5–log T
~
10 10
D 7170, [D02.94] D 6299, D 6792, [E11] E 456, E 177
DISCUSSION—In the context of this test method, accepted reference
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
value is understood to apply to the Research octane number of specific
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
reference materials determined empirically under reproducibility con-
D02.95 on Terminology.
ditions by the National Exchange Group or another recognized ex-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally
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approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4175–02a . change testing organization. [D02.01] D 2699, D 2700
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4175–05
DISCUSSION—In the context of this method, accepted reference value
acute ecotoxicity, n—the propensity
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 4175 – 05
Designation:D4175–02a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Terms were added editorially in October 2003. —Terms were transferred editorially in August 2006.
2
e NOTE—Terms were added editorially in August 2004.
NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in August 2007.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard iscovers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products
and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants. Meanings of the same
terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in
dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
2. Terminology
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee jurisdiction
is in bold print following the definition. Those showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee CS 95. Some
abbreviations, acronyms and symbols are included in the list.
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D 6812
abrasion, n—wear by displacement of material caused by hard particles or hard protuberances. [D02.B0] D 4998
abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface. [D02.L0]
D 5182
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard spherical particle that will pass through a filter under specified test
conditions. This is an indication of the largest opening in the filter element. [D02.N0] D 4174
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by:
A 5log ~1/T! 5–log T
10 10
where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.1.3. is the transmittance.
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has been
affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared with
attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D 2008
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path length,
expressed by:
a 5 Af/bc
where:
A = the absorbance defined in 3.1.4, the absorbance,
f = the dilution factor defined in 3.1.5, the dilution factor,
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a volume of solvent.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.95 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally published as D4175–83. Last previous edition D4175–02.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.95 on
Terminology.
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Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4175–02a .
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e2
D4175–05
D4175–02a
[D02.04] D 2008
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
DISCUSSION—The ALisnotnecessarilythespecificationlimit.Itisthevaluethattakesintoaccountthespecificationvalue,thetestmethodprecision,
and the confidence level desired for defining minimum acceptable quality relative to the specification value. [D02.94] D 3244
accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as (1)a
t
...
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