ASTM F2327-08
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Airborne Remote Sensing Systems for Detection and Monitoring of Oil on Water
Standard Guide for Selection of Airborne Remote Sensing Systems for Detection and Monitoring of Oil on Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The contributions that an effective remote sensing system can make are:
Provide a strategic picture of the overall spill,
Assist in detection of slicks when they are not visible by persons operating at, or near, the water's surface or at night,
Provide location of slicks containing the most oil,
Provide input for the operational deployment of equipment,
Extend the hours of clean-up operations to include darkness and poor visibility,
Identify oceanographic and geographic features toward which the oil may migrate,
Locate unreported oil-on-water,
Collect evidence linking oil-on-water to its source,
Help reduce the time and effort for long range planning,
A log, or time history, of the spill can be compiled from successive data runs, and
A source of initial input for predictive models and for “truthing” or updating them over time.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information and criteria for selection of remote sensing systems for the detection and monitoring of oil on water.
1.2 This guide applies to the remote sensing of oil-on-water involving a variety of sensing devices used alone or in combination. The sensors may be mounted in helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, or lighter-than-air platforms. Excluded are situations where the aircraft is used solely as a telemetry or visual observation platform and exo-atmosphere or satellite systems.
1.3 The context of sensor use is addressed to the extent it has a bearing on their selection and utility for certain missions or objectives.
1.4 This guide is generally applicable for all types of crude oils and most petroleum products, under a variety of marine or fresh water situations.
1.5 Many sensors exhibit limitations with respect to discriminating the target substances under certain states of weathering, lighting, wind and sea, or in certain settings.
1.6 This guide gives information for evaluating the capability of a remote surveillance technology to locate, determine the areal extent, as well as measure or approximate certain other characteristics of oil spilled upon water.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 Remote sensing of oil-on-water involves a number of safety issues associated with the modification of aircraft and their operation, particularly at low altitudes. Also, in some instances, hazardous materials or conditions (for example, certain gases, high voltages, etc.) can be involved. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2327 − 08
StandardGuide for
Selection of Airborne Remote Sensing Systems for
1
Detection and Monitoring of Oil on Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2327; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
1.1 This guide provides information and criteria for selec-
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory require-
tion of remote sensing systems for the detection and monitor-
ments prior to use.
ing of oil on water.
1.2 This guide applies to the remote sensing of oil-on-water
2. Significance and Use
involving a variety of sensing devices used alone or in
2.1 The contributions that an effective remote sensing sys-
combination. The sensors may be mounted in helicopters,
tem can make are:
fixed-wing aircraft, or lighter-than-air platforms. Excluded are
2.1.1 Provide a strategic picture of the overall spill,
situations where the aircraft is used solely as a telemetry or
2.1.2 Assist in detection of slicks when they are not visible
visual observation platform and exo-atmosphere or satellite
by persons operating at, or near, the water’s surface or at night,
systems.
2.1.3 Provide location of slicks containing the most oil,
1.3 The context of sensor use is addressed to the extent it
2.1.4 Provide input for the operational deployment of
has a bearing on their selection and utility for certain missions
equipment,
or objectives.
2.1.5 Extend the hours of clean-up operations to include
1.4 This guide is generally applicable for all types of crude
darkness and poor visibility,
oils and most petroleum products, under a variety of marine or
2.1.6 Identify oceanographic and geographic features to-
fresh water situations.
ward which the oil may migrate,
1.5 Many sensors exhibit limitations with respect to dis-
2.1.7 Locate unreported oil-on-water,
criminating the target substances under certain states of
2.1.8 Collect evidence linking oil-on-water to its source,
weathering, lighting, wind and sea, or in certain settings.
2.1.9 Help reduce the time and effort for long range
planning,
1.6 This guide gives information for evaluating the capabil-
2.1.10 A log, or time history, of the spill can be compiled
ity of a remote surveillance technology to locate, determine the
areal extent, as well as measure or approximate certain other from successive data runs, and
characteristics of oil spilled upon water. 2.1.11 Asource of initial input for predictive models and for
“truthing” or updating them over time.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Remote Sensing Equipment Capabilities and
standard.
Limitations
1.8 Remote sensing of oil-on-water involves a number of
3.1 The capability of remote sensing equipment is, in large
safety issues associated with the modification of aircraft and
measure, determined by the physical and chemical properties
their operation, particularly at low altitudes. Also, in some
of the atmosphere, the water, and the target oil. There may be
instances, hazardous materials or conditions (for example,
variations in the degree of sophistication, sensitivity, and
certain gases, high voltages, etc.) can be involved. This
spatial resolution of sensors using the same portion of the
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
electromagnetic spectrum and detector technology. Sensors
within a given class tend to have the same general capabilities
and typically suffer from the same limitations.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.2 Combinations of sensors offer broader spectral coverage
F20.16 on Surveillance and Tracking.
which, in turn, permit better probability of detection, better
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
discrimination, and effective operation over a broader range of
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2327 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/F2327-08. weather and lighting conditions. Certain combinations, or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2327 − 08
sensor suites, are well documented, and their use is particularly 3.6 A responder may require the data on an oil spill, 24
suited to oil spill response mi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2327–03 Designation:F2327–08
Standard Guide for
Selection ofAirborne Remote Sensing Systems for
1
Detection and Monitoring of Oil on Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2327; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides information and criteria for selection of remote sensing systems for the detection and monitoring of oil
on water.
1.2 This guide applies to the remote sensing of oil-on-water involving a variety of sensing devices used alone or in combination.
The sensors may be mounted in helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, or lighter-than-air platforms. Excluded are situations where the
aircraft is used solely as a telemetry or visual observation platform and exo-atmosphere or satellite systems.
1.3 The context of sensor use is addressed to the extent it has a bearing on their selection and utility for certain missions or
objectives.
1.4 This guide is generally applicable for all types of crude oils and most petroleum products, under a variety of marine or fresh
water situations.
1.5 Many sensors exhibit limitations with respect to discriminating the target substances under certain states of weathering,
lighting, wind and sea, or in certain settings.
1.6 This guide gives information for evaluating the capability of a remote surveillance technology to locate, determine the areal
extent, as well as measure or approximate certain other characteristics of oil spilled upon water.
1.7
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 Remote sensing of oil-on-water involves a number of safety issues associated with the modification of aircraft and their
operation, particularly at low altitudes.Also, in some instances, hazardous materials or conditions (for example, certain gases, high
voltages, etc.) can be involved. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 The contributions that an effective remote sensing system can make are:
2.1.1 Provide a strategic picture of the overall spill,
2.1.2 Assist in detection of slicks when they are not observablevisible by persons operating at, or near, the water’s surface or
at night,
2.1.3 Provide location of slicks containing the most oil,
2.1.4 Provide input for the operational deployment of equipment,
2.1.5 Extend the hours of clean-up operations to include darkness and poor visibility,
2.1.6 Identify oceanographic and geographic features toward which the oil may migrate,
2.1.7 Locate unreported oil-on-water,
2.1.8 Collect evidence linking oil-on-water to its source,
2.1.9 Help reduce the time and effort for long range planning,
2.1.10 A log, or time history, of the spill can be compiled from successive data runs, and
2.1.11 A source of initial input for predictive models and for “truthing” or updating them over time.
3. Remote Sensing Equipment Capabilities and Limitations
3.1 The capability of remote sensing equipment is, in large measure, determined by the physical and chemical properties of the
atmosphere, the water, and the target oil. There may be variations in the degree of sophistication, sensitivity, and spacialspatial
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.16
on Surveillance and Tracking.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published December 2003.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 2327 – 03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2327–08
resolution of sensors using the same portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and detector technology. Sensors within a given class
tend to have the same general capabilities and typically suffer from the same limitations.
3.2 Combinations of sensors offer broader spectral co
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.