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ASTM C704/C704M-15(2022)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the relative abrasion resistance of various refractory samples under standard conditions at room temperature.  
4.2 The abrasion resistance of a refractory material provides an indication of its suitability for service in abrasive environments.  
4.3 The results obtained by this test method could be different than those obtained in service because of the different conditions encountered.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative abrasion resistance of refractory brick at room temperature. This test method can also be applied to castable refractories (see Metric Dimensions, Practice C861 and Practice C865) and plastic refractories (see Practice C1054).  
1.2 Units—When values are stated in both SI and inch-pound units, the units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, use each system independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Several values are stated only in SI units as a matter of convention and to permit comparison of results. Included are the abrading media weight (grams), specimen weight (grams), specimen weight loss due to abrasion (grams), and the resultant volume loss (cubic centimeters).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2022
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.03 - Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C704/C704M − 15 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C704/C704M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
Firebrick
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative
C179Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of
abrasion resistance of refractory brick at room temperature.
Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
This test method can also be applied to castable refractories
C861Practice for Determining Metric Dimensions of Stan-
(seeMetricDimensions,PracticeC861andPracticeC865)and
dard Series Refractory Brick and Shapes
plastic refractories (see Practice C1054).
C862Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens
1.2 Units—When values are stated in both SI and inch-
by Casting
poundunits,theunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.
C865Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;
C1036Specification for Flat Glass
therefore, use each system independently of the other. Com-
C1054Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic
bining values from the two systems may result in nonconfor-
and Ramming Mix Specimens
mance with the standard. Several values are stated only in SI
D4285Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-
units as a matter of convention and to permit comparison of
pressed Air
results. Included are the abrading media weight (grams),
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
specimen weight (grams), specimen weight loss due to abra-
ASTM Test Methods
sion(grams),andtheresultantvolumeloss(cubiccentimeters).
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- B40.100Pressure Gauges and Gauge Attachments
4
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Abrasion Tester (1 dwg)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3. Summary of Test Method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1 This test method measures the volume of material in
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- cubiccentimetersabradedfromaflatsurfaceatarightangleto
a nozzle through which 1000 g of size-graded silicon carbide
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. grain is blasted by air at a prescribed air pressure.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.1 This test method measures the relative abrasion resis-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tance of various refractory samples under standard conditions
A681Specification for Tool Steels Alloy
at room temperature.
C134Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,
4.2 Theabrasionresistanceofarefractorymaterialprovides
an indication of its suitability for service in abrasive environ-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
ments.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties.
3
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C704/C704M–15. International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
DOI: 10.1520/C0704_C0704M-15R22. www.asme.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Detailed prints for the construction of the test chamber are available from
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJC070419-E-PDF. Ad-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on junct digitized in 2019. An acceptable test chamber can be made from a
the ASTM website. weatherproof electrical switch box.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C704/C704M − 15 (2022)
4.3 The results obtained by this test method could be used, this
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C704/C704M − 15 C704/C704M − 15 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C704/C704M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Footnotes 3 and 4 were updated editorially in March 2019.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative abrasion resistance of refractory brick at room temperature. This test
method can also be applied to castable refractories (see Metric Dimensions, Practice C861 and Practice C865) and plastic
refractories (see Practice C1054).
1.2 Units—When values are stated in both SI and inch-pound units, the units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, use each system independently of the other. Combining values from
the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Several values are stated only in SI units as a matter of
convention and to permit comparison of results. Included are the abrading media weight (grams), specimen weight (grams),
specimen weight loss due to abrasion (grams), and the resultant volume loss (cubic centimeters).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A681 Specification for Tool Steels Alloy
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
C179 Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
C861 Practice for Determining Metric Dimensions of Standard Series Refractory Brick and Shapes
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
C865 Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
C1036 Specification for Flat Glass
C1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
D4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed Air
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2015Feb. 1, 2022. Published April 2015February 2022. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 as
C704/C704M – 14.C704/C704M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/C0704_C0704M-15E01.10.1520/C0704_C0704M-15R22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C704/C704M − 15 (2022)
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Standard:
B40.100 Pressure Gauges and Gauge Attachments
4
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
Abrasion Tester (1 dwg)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 This test method measures the volume of material in cubic centimeters abraded from a flat surface at a right angle to a nozzle
through which 1000 g of size-graded silicon carbide grain is blasted by air at a prescribed air pressure.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method measures the relative abrasion resistance of various refractory samples under standard conditions at room
temperature.
4.2 The abrasion resistance of a refractory material provides an indication of its suitability for service in abrasive environments.
4.3
...

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1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Evaluating Oxidation Resistance of Silicon Carbide Refractories at Elevated Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The oxidation of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in the application of these refractories. The product of oxidation is amorphous silica or cristobalite, depending upon the temperature at which oxidation takes place. This oxide formation is associated with expansion and degradation of strength. The quantity of water vapor in the atmosphere greatly affects the rate of oxidation.  
3.2 The test, which creates and measures the expansion, is suitable for guidance in product development and relative comparison in application work where oxidation potential is of concern. The variability of the test is such that it is not recommended for use as a referee test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the oxidation resistance of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures in an atmosphere of steam. The steam is used to accelerate the test. Oxidation resistance is the ability of the silicon carbide (SiC) in the refractory to resist conversion to silicon dioxide (SiO2) and its attendant crystalline growth.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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