ASTM D5387-93(2007)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Elements of a Complete Data Set for Non-Cohesive Sediments
Standard Guide for Elements of a Complete Data Set for Non-Cohesive Sediments
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide describes what parameters should be measured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic data set that could be used to compute sediment transport using any prominently known sediment-transport equations.
The criteria will address only the collection of data on noncohesive sediment. A noncohesive sediment is one that consists of discrete particles and whose movement depends on the particular properties of the particles themselves (1). These properties can include particle size, shape, density, and position on the streambed with respect to other particles. Generally, sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders are considered to be noncohesive sediments.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers criteria for a complete sediment data set.
1.2 This guide provides guidelines for the collection of non-cohesive sediment alluvial data.
1.3 This guide describes what parameters should be measured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic data set that could be used to compute sediment transport using any prominently known sediment-transport equations.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5387 − 93(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Guide for
Elements of a Complete Data Set for Non-Cohesive
Sediments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.2 diameter, nominal—the diameter of a sphere of the
same volume as the given particle (1).
1.1 This guide covers criteria for a complete sediment data
3.2.3 diameter, sieve—the size of sieve opening through
set.
which a given particle of sediment will just pass.
1.2 This guide provides guidelines for the collection of
3.2.4 D —the diameter of the sediment particle that has x
non-cohesive sediment alluvial data. x
percent of the sample less than this size (diameter is deter-
1.3 This guide describes what parameters should be mea-
mined by method of analysis; that is, sedimentation, size,
sured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic
nominal, etc.).
datasetthatcouldbeusedtocomputesedimenttransportusing
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Example: D is the diameter that has
any prominently known sediment-transport equations.
45 % of the particles that have diameters finer than the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specified diameter. The percent may be by mass, volume, or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
numbers and is determined from a particle size distribution
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
analysis.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 This guide establishes criteria for a complete sediment
2. Referenced Documents
datasetandprovidesguidelinesforthecollectionofdataabout
2.1 ASTM Standards:
non-cohesive sediments.
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D4410 Terminology for Fluvial Sediment
5. Significance and Use
D4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
5.1 This guide describes what parameters should be mea-
D4822 Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size
sured and stored to obtain a complete sediment and hydraulic
Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
datasetthatcouldbeusedtocomputesedimenttransportusing
D4823 Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsoli-
any prominently known sediment-transport equations.
dated Sediments
5.2 The criteria will address only the collection of data on
3. Terminology
noncohesive sediment. A noncohesive sediment is one that
consists of discrete particles and whose movement depends on
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
the particular properties of the particles themselves (1). These
refer to Terminology D1129 and D4410.
propertiescanincludeparticlesize,shape,density,andposition
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
on the streambed with respect to other particles. Generally,
3.2.1 diameter, intermediate axis—the diameter of a sedi-
sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders are considered to be
ment particle determined by direct measurement of the axis
noncohesive sediments.
normal to a plane containing the longest and shortest axes.
6. Procedure
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is
6.1 Parameters discussed here are divided into three major
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,
and Open-Channel Flow. categories: sediment, hydraulic, and others. Within each of
Current edition approved June 15, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally
these categories there is a listing of the minimum parameters
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5387 – 93 (2002).
that should be collected or analyzed for and some additional
DOI: 10.1520/D5387-93R07.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this guide.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5387 − 93 (2007)
parameters that, although are not critical, would add significant 6.2.1.6 Record the method or specific piece of equipment,
information to the data set if recorded. or both, used to determine particle-size distribution.
6.2.1.7 Specific Gravity—The specific gravity of a particle
6.2 Sediment Parameters (Minimal):
effects to how the particle reacts in the flow. Most of the time
6.2.1 There are give basic sediment parameters that must be
the specific gravity is assumed to be 2.65.Although this is true
collected in order to have a complete data set. They are:
most of the time, Brownlie (5) points out that about half of J.
concentration, bedload, bed material, particle-size distribution,
J. Franco’s data has a specific gravity of 1.30 and that the
and specific gravity.
following data sets have these ranges in specific gravity:
6.2.1.1 Concentration—Report concentration of suspended-
Pang-Yung Ho, 2.45 to 2.70; C. R. Neill, 1.36 to 2.59; and U.S.
sediment or total-sediment samples in milligrams per litre
Waterways Experiment Station, 1936c, 1.03 to 1.85.
(mg/L) or in parts per million (ppm). Collect these samples in
suchawaythattheyrepresenteitherthepoint,vertical,orcross
6.3 Sediment Parameters (Additional):
section sampled. Follow sampling guides set forth in Guide
6.3.1 The following parameters are considered to be ones
D4411 or in Ref (2) when collecting suspended-sediment or
that are not absolutely necessary for a complete data set but
total-load samples.
would give significant additional information and clarification
6.2.1.2 Bedload—Report discharge of bedload in mega-
to the data.
grams per day (Mg/d) or some other form of mass per time
6.3.1.1 Specific Diameters—Calculated diameters such as
unit. The procedures for the collection of bedload samples,
D , D ,D ,D ,D , and D are quite often used in
16 35 50 65 84 90
both in a flume and in the field, have not been standardized as
sediment transport equations. Having these computed diameter
well as those for suspended sediment. This is in part because
sizesstoredinthedatabaseswillalloweveryoneusingthedata
the sampler development has not achieved the state of unifor-
in the future to use the same values for these percentiles, thus
mity that the suspended-sediment samplers have and because
avoiding some additional sources of errors when comparing
not enough is currently known about bedload transport in open
their results to the original developer’s results. Store diameters
channels to accurately define a protocol for data collection.
in millimetres and give the type, that is, fall, sieve, etc.
However, the procedure outlined in Ref (2) appears to be a
6.3.1.2 Method of Collection—Document how the samples
reasonable approach to the problem and gives the state of
were collected. It is often very important to know if the
knowledge and equipment at the present time.
samples were collected from single vertical or multiverticals,
6.2.1.3 Bed Material—Because the bed material is the
surface dipped, or point samples.This not only is important for
primary source of noncohesive sediments, collect detailed
suspended-sediment and total-load samples, but also is impor-
samples.Mostfieldbed-materialsamplingprogramshavebeen
tant for bedload and bed-material samples. If multiple verticals
restricted to sampling sand-bed streams because of the overall
are used to collect the sample, note the number of verticals
lack of knowledge and the practical problems associated with
used and some general description of their placement in the
sampling gravel-bed streams (3) . References (2) and (3),as
cross section. If the sample is collected from a single point or
well as Guide D4823, present several methods for collection of
vertical, identify the collection point.
bed-material samples from gravel-bed streams. Also, some of
6.3.1.3 Sampler—Record the type of sampler and nozzle
the equipment and procedures given in Ref (2) and Guide
size. The US-D, US-DH, and US-P series samplers (1) are
D4823 can be used to collect samples from sand bed streams.
depth integrating and point integrating samplers that collect
6.2.1.4 Particle-Size Distribution —Record the particle-size
samples of the water sediment mixture isokinetically. This
distribution in percent finer than a given diameter size. The
ensures the proper concentration of sand is sampled from the
most generally used size grading system for sediment work in
stream. When collecting bedload samples, in addition to the
the United States is the grade scale proposed by the Subcom-
samplertypeandnozzlesize,recordthebagmeshopeningsize
mittee on Sediment Terminology of theAmerican Geophysical
and nozzle flare if appropriate for
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.