ASTM A327-91(2006)

Standard Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons

ABSTRACT
This test method for impact testing covers the details of apparatus, test specimens and procedures for cast iron, including gray iron, white iron, malleable iron, ductile iron, and austempered ductile iron, but not including chilled rolls or rolls with white iron skins. The gray and white irons shall be subjected to round bar, single-blow Charpy impact test using a pendulum-type impact machine. Characterization of the fracture toughness of any cast iron should be based upon testing at least three specimens. Either the standard notched or unnotched Charpy impact test shall be employed in testing of malleable or ductile irons. Both types of charpy bars have been designated to characterize the fracture toughness of irons.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods for impact testing cover the details of apparatus, test specimens and procedures for cast iron, including gray iron, white iron, malleable iron, ductile iron, and austempered ductile iron, but not including chilled rolls or rolls with white iron skins.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. A companion standard, A 327M, lists values in SI units.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The Charpy-type impact test shall be employed for testing gray and white irons.
1.4 Either the standard notched or unnotched Charpy impact test shall be employed in testing of malleable or ductile irons. Selection of the type bar is dependent upon the specific material to be evaluated as defined in Section .
1.5 Both types of charpy bars have been designated to characterize the fracture toughness of irons. The unnotched Charpy bar, when tested, will produce substantially higher energy values than the notch bar type. The unnotched bar is therefore specified for testing irons that have low fracture toughness characteristics.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2006
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A04 - Iron Castings
• Drafting Committee: A04.21 - Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A327-91(1997) - Standard Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2006
• Replaced By: ASTM A327/A327M-11 - Standard Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A327–91(Reapproved 2006)
Standard Test Methods for
Impact Testing of Cast Irons
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A327; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 5. Test Specimens
1.1 These test methods for impact testing cover the details 5.1 The test specimens shall have a plain cylindrical form,
of apparatus, test specimens and procedures for cast iron, machined or ground to a smooth finish and shall conform to the
including gray iron, white iron, malleable iron, ductile iron, following dimensions:
and austempered ductile iron, but not including chilled rolls or
Type A Type M
Diameter 1.125 6 0.002 in. 0.787 6 0.001 in.
rolls with white iron skins.
Length 8.0 6 0.5 in. 4.73 6 0.08 in.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Span 6.00 6 0.03 in. 3.937 6 0.020 in.
as the standard. A companion standard, A327M, lists values in
6. Procedure
SI units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6.1 Test the bars on the spans indicated in the tabular data of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1. In all other respects, the test shall conform to the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
appropriate requirements of Test Methods E23.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6.2 Make the test at room temperature.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.3 Characterization of the fracture toughness of any cast
iron should be based upon testing at least three specimens.
2. Referenced Documents
2 NOTE 1—Care should be taken to examine broken specimens for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
indication of anvil interference which will give erroneous results.
A327M Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons
(Metric)
7. Report
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of
7.1 The results shall be reported as ____ ft · lbf cast iron
Metallic Materials
Charpy impact with ____ in. diameter bar.
TEST METHODA—ROUND BAR CHARPY-TYPE
TEST METHOD B—STANDARD CHARPY-TYPE
IMPACT TEST FOR GRAYAND WHITE IRONS
IMPACT TEST FOR MALLEABLEAND DUCTILE
IRONS
3. Scope
3.1 The Charpy-type impact test shall be employed for
8. Scope
testing gray and white irons.
8.1 Either the standard notched or unnotched Charpy impact
test shall be employed in testing of malleable or ductile irons.
4. Apparatus
Selection of the type bar is dependent upon the specific
4.1 The single-blow Charpy impact test for gray and white
material to be evaluated as defined in Section 9.
irons shall be carried out in a pendulum-type impact machine
8.2 Both types of charpy bars have been designated to
with a capacity of at least 110 ft · lbf as used for the simple
characterize the fracture toughness of irons. The unnotched
beam test for steel described in Test Methods E23.
Charpy bar, when tested, will produce substantially higher
energy values than the notch bar type. The unnotched bar is
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA04 on Iron
therefore specified for testing irons that have low fracture
Castings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.
toughness characteristics.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006. Published February 2006. Originally
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as A327 – 91 (1997).
9. Charpy Test Bar Type
DOI: 10.1520/A0327-91R06.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
9.1 Unless specified otherwise, the notched bar type speci-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
mens in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 (for pipe type products) shall be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
employed. Exceptions are defined in 9.2 and 9.3.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A327–91 (2006)
11.3 Test specimens taken from ductile iron pipe shall be
0.500 in. wide, measured from the notched face. The thickness
of the notched face shall be equal to the full wall thickness of
the pipe (t), except that specimens in which the pipe wall
specimen thickness exceeds the maximum height accommo-
dated by the impact test machine shall be machined to a
thickness that can be accommodated by the machine. Speci-
mens shall be machined in accordance with Fig. 2.
12. Procedure
12.1 Test the specimen in accordance with the procedures
set forth in Test Methods E23.
12.2 Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be performed
at 70 6 10°F.
12.3 For testing at other than room temperature, accuracy of
NOTE—Permissible variations shall be as follows:
results is ensured by following the procedure outlined in Test
Adjacent sides shal
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