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ASTM D5798-07

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to 85 volume % denatured fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) and 25 to 15 additional volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines. Fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) shall conform to the performance requirements prescribed. Fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) shall be visually free of sediment and suspended matter. The hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether blend content, vapour pressure, acidity, pH requirements, gum content, inorganic chloride, water requirements, copper requirements, and sulphur requirements shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to 85 volume % denatured fuel ethanol and 25 to 15 additional volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the properties specified.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Annex A1, of this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2007
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.A0.02 - Oxygenated Fuels and Components
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5798-06 - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D5798-09 - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7794-21 - Standard Practice for Blending Mid-Level Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Vehicles with Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM F852/F852M-22 - Standard Specification for Portable Gasoline, Kerosene, and Diesel Containers for Consumer Use
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7757-22 - Standard Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7577-12(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Accelerated Iron Corrosion Rating of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5191-22 - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3120-08(2019) - Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2874-20 - Standard Specification for One Time Use Portable Emergency Fuel Containers (PEFC) for Use by Consumers
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D8011-19 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6423-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of pHe of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5797-21 - Standard Specification for Methanol Fuel Blends (M51–M85) for Methanol-Capable Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7563-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Ability of Engine Oil to Emulsify Water and Simulated Ed85 Fuel
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D86-23 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5501-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 % Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-May-2007

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ASTM D5798-07 - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition EnginesASTM D5798-07 - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
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ASTM D5798-07 - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5798 – 07
Standard Specification for
Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition
1
Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* and Related Products
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
85 volume % denatured fuel ethanol and 25 to 15 additional
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with
D2988 Test Methods for Water-Soluble Halide Ion in
automotive spark-ignition engines.Appendix X1 discusses the
Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures
significance of the properties specified.
D3120 Test Method forTrace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
lometry
only.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Petroleum Products
test method portion, Annex A1, of this specification.This
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Petroleum Products
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
D4806 SpecificationforDenaturedFuelEthanolforBlend-
tions prior to use.
ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
2. Referenced Documents Engine Fuel
2
D4814 SpecificationforAutomotiveSpark-IgnitionEngine
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Fuel
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
Atmospheric Pressure
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from 1 4
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
Evaporation
D5190 Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
ucts (Automatic Method)
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
D5191 Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
(Induction Period Method)
ucts (Mini Method)
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
(Lamp Method)
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content
of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility of
Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Subcommittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
D6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol,
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2007.PublishedJuly2007.Originallyapproved
in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5798–06.
Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5798–07
TABLE 1 Requirements for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
E203 TestMethodforWaterUsingVolumetricKarlFischer
A
Titration Properties Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by
Ethanol + higher alcohols, min, 79 74 70
volume %
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
Hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether, 17–21 17–26 17–30
3
2.2 Government Standards:
volume %
...

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5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
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Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
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Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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