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ASTM D7651-10

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Gravimetric Measurement of Particulate Concentration of Hydrogen Fuel

Standard Test Method for Gravimetric Measurement of Particulate Concentration of Hydrogen Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Low operating temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require high purity hydrogen for maximum material performance and lifetime. Measurement of particulates in hydrogen is necessary for assuring a feed gas of sufficient purity to satisfy fuel cell and internal combustion system needs as defined in SAE J2719. The particulates in hydrogen fuel for FCVs and gaseous hydrogen powered internal combustion engine vehicles may adversely affect pneumatic control components, such as valves, or other critical system components. Therefore, the concentration of particulates in the hydrogen fuel should be limited as specified by ISO 14687, SAE J2719, or other hydrogen fuel quality specifications.
Although not intended for application to gases other than hydrogen fuel, techniques within this test method can be applied to gas samples requiring determination of particulate matter.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is primarily intended for gravimetric determination of particulates in hydrogen intended as a fuel for fuel cell or internal combustion engine powered vehicles. This test method describes operating and quality control procedures required to obtain data of known quality satisfying the requirements of SAE J2719 and the California Code of Regulations, Title 4, Division 9, Chapter 6, Article 8, Sections 4180 – 4181. The levels of precision and accuracy stated. This test method can be applied to other gaseous samples requiring determination of particulates provided the user’s data quality objectives are satisfied.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2010
ICS
27.075 - Hydrogen technologies
Technical Committee
D03 - Gaseous Fuels
Drafting Committee
D03.14 - Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D7650-21 - Standard Practice for Sampling of Particulate Matter in High Pressure Gaseous Fuels with an In-Stream Filter
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8080-21 - Standard Specification for Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Used as a Motor Vehicle Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7606-17 - Standard Practice for Sampling of High Pressure Hydrogen and Related Fuel Cell Feed Gases
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8487-23 - Standard Specification for Natural Gas, Hydrogen Blends for Use as a Motor Vehicle Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010

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ASTM D7651-10 - Standard Test Method for Gravimetric Measurement of Particulate Concentration of Hydrogen FuelASTM D7651-10 - Standard Test Method for Gravimetric Measurement of Particulate Concentration of Hydrogen Fuel
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ASTM D7651-10 - Standard Test Method for Gravimetric Measurement of Particulate Concentration of Hydrogen Fuel
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7651 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Gravimetric Measurement of Particulate Concentration of
1
Hydrogen Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7651; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 Other Standards:
California Code of Regulations ,Title 4, Division 9, Chapter
1.1 This test method is primarily intended for gravimetric
4
6, Article 8, Sections 4180 – 4181
determination of particulates in hydrogen intended as a fuel for
ISO 14687 Hydrogen fuel -- Product specification -- Part 1:
fuel cell or internal combustion engine powered vehicles. This
All applications except proton exchange membrane
test method describes operating and quality control procedures
5
(PEM) fuel cell for road vehicles
required to obtain data of known quality satisfying the require-
ments of SAE J2719 and the California Code of Regulations,
Title 4, Division 9, Chapter 6,Article 8, Sections 4180 – 4181. 3. Terminology
The levels of precision and accuracy stated. This test method
3.1 Acronyms:
can be applied to other gaseous samples requiring determina-
3.1.1 FCV—Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle
tion of particulates provided the user’s data quality objectives
are satisfied.
3.1.2 PSA—Particulate sampling adapter for sampling par-
ticulate in hydrogen fuel.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.3 PEM—Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, also called
standard.
Proton Exchange Membrane
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 SAE—Society of Automotive Engineering
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1 contaminant—impuritythatadverselyaffectsthecom-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ponents within the fuel cell system or the hydrogen storage
system
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 density—Massperunitofvolumeofthefuelgasorair
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
being considered.
D7650 Test Method for Test Method for Sampling of Par-
ticulate Matter in High Pressure Hydrogen used as a
3.2.3 fuel cell hydrogen—hydrogen satisfying the specifica-
Gaseous Fuel with an In-Stream Filter
tions in SAE J2719.
3
2.2 SAE Standards:
3.2.4 weight monitoring filter, WMF—This filter is put
SAE J2719 Hydrogen Quality Guideline for Fuel Cell
inside the glove box (7.3) with balance (7.1) and not removed
Vehicles, April 2008
from the glove box (7.3). The weight of this filter is always
SAE J2600 Compressed Hydrogen Surface Vehicle Refuel-
measured before and after each measurement event.
ing Connection Devices
3.3 SAE J2719—Informational Report on the development
of a hydrogen quality guideline for fuel cell vehicles. This
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD03onGaseous
report specifies PEM FCV hydrogen fuel quality from the
Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.14 on Hydrogen and
fueling nozzle.
Fuel Cells.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published August 2010. DOI: 10.1520/
D7651–10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Office of Administrative Law 300 Capitol Mall, Suite 1250
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Sacramento, CA 95814-4339
5
the ASTM website. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
3
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale, la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org. www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7651 − 10
3.4 SAE J2600 Compressed Hydrogen Surface Vehicle Re- 7. Apparatus
fueling Connection Devices—This document specifies the de-
7.1 Balance—The balance must measure to 10-5 g. The
sign requirements for nozzles and receptacles used in high
balance should have the capability to download the weight
pressure hydrogen applications such as delivery from a fueling
6,7
measurement into Microsoft Excel , or a similar program, for
station to a FCV
weight recording and calibration. In order to prevent contami-
nation of particulates from ambient air, the balance must be
4. Summary of Test Method
placed inside a glove box in a small confined room with
...

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5.1 Low operating temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells require high purity hydrogen for maximum material performance and lifetime. Analysis to at least 0.05 µmol/mol concentration of total halogenated (measured as methyl fluoride) in hydrogen is necessary for assuring a feed gas of sufficient purity to satisfy fuel cell system needs as defined in ISO 14687, SAE J2719, and the California Code of Regulations, or as specified in regulatory codes.  
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5.1 Proton exchange membranes (PEM) used in fuel cells are susceptible to contamination from a number of species that can be found in hydrogen. It is critical that these contaminants be measured and verified to be present at or below the amounts stated in SAE J2719 and ISO 14687 to ensure both fuel cell longevity and optimum efficiency. Contaminant concentrations as low as single-figure ppb(v) for some species can seriously compromise the life span and efficiency of PEM fuel cells. The presence of contaminants in fuel-cell-grade hydrogen can, in some cases, have a permanent adverse impact on fuel cell efficiency and usability. It is critical to monitor the concentration of key contaminants in hydrogen during the production phase through to delivery of the fuel to a fuel cell vehicle or other PEM fuel cell application. In ISO 14687, the upper limits for the contaminants are specified. Refer to SAE J2719 (see 2.3) for specific national and regional requirements. For hydrogen fuel that is transported and delivered as a cryogenic liquid, there is additional risk of introducing impurities during transport and delivery operations. For instance, moisture can build up over time in liquid transfer lines, critical control components, and long-term storage facilities, which can lead to ice buildup within the system and subsequent blockages that pose a safety risk or the introduction of contaminants into the gas stream upon evaporation of the liquid. Users are reminded to consult Practice D7265 for critical thermophysical properties such as the ortho/para hydrogen spin isomer inversion that can lead to additional hazards in liquid hydrogen usage.
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1.1 This test method describes contaminant determination in fuel cell grade hydrogen as specified in relevant ASTM and ISO standards using cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). This standard test method is for the measurement of one or multiple contaminants including, but not limited to, water (H2O), oxygen (O2), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and formaldehyde (H2CO), henceforth referred to as “analyte.”  
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5.1 Low temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require high purity hydrogen for maximum material performance and lifetime. The particulates in hydrogen used in FCVs and hydrogen powered internal combustion vehicles may adversely affect pneumatic control components, such as valves or other critical system components. The visualization of the size and morphology of particles is an important tool for determining particle origin as well as for devising particle formation reduction strategies.
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1.1 This test method is primarily intended for visualizing and measuring the sizes and morphology of particulates in hydrogen used as a fuel for fuel cell or internal combustion engine powered vehicles. This test method describes procedures required to obtain size and morphology data of known quality. This test method can be applied to other gaseous samples requiring determination of particulate sizes and morphology provided the user’s data quality objectives are satisfied.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Low operating temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells require high purity hydrogen for maximum material performance and lifetime. Analysis to at least 0.05 µmol/mol concentration of total halogenated (measured as methyl fluoride) in hydrogen is necessary for assuring a feed gas of sufficient purity to satisfy fuel cell system needs as defined in ISO 14687, SAE J2719, and the California Code of Regulations, or as specified in regulatory codes.  
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