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ASTM D8487-23

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Natural Gas, Hydrogen Blends for Use as a Motor Vehicle Fuel

Standard Specification for Natural Gas, Hydrogen Blends for Use as a Motor Vehicle Fuel

SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the minimum fuel quality requirements for gaseous fuels consisting primarily of methane blended with volume fraction of up to 10 % hydrogen (H2) when used as an internal combustion engine fuel.  
1.2 This specification defines the criteria for blending hydrogen with natural gas, biogas, or renewable natural gas (RNG) and then compressed into compressed natural gas (CNG) for use as a fuel for internal combustion engines in motor vehicles.  
1.3 The total volume fraction of hydrogen within the fuel shall consist of hydrogen contained in the natural gas, biogas, or renewable gas and any additional hydrogen blended into the fuel mixture.  
1.4 This specification covers the needs of internal combustion engines designed for use in motor vehicles.  
1.5 This specification applies to the fuel as delivered into the on-board fuel tanks of a motor vehicle as a compressed gas.  
1.6 This specification is not a natural gas pipeline standard; those requirements are determined by national and regional tariffs.  
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2023
ICS
75.160.30 - Gaseous fuels
Technical Committee
D03 - Gaseous Fuels
Drafting Committee
D03.92 - Terminology and Editorial
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D4150-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
15-Dec-2019
Refers
ASTM D8221-18a - Standard Practice for Determining the Calculated Methane Number (MN<inf>C</inf>) of Gaseous Fuels Used in Internal Combustion Engines
Effective Date
01-Dec-2018
Refers
ASTM D8221-18 - Standard Practice for Determining the Calculated Methane Number (MN<inf>C</inf>) of Gaseous Fuels Used in Internal Combustion Engines
Effective Date
01-Sep-2018
Refers
ASTM D7606-17 - Standard Practice for Sampling of High Pressure Hydrogen and Related Fuel Cell Feed Gases
Effective Date
01-Nov-2017
Refers
ASTM D4150-08(2016) - Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
01-Jul-2016
Refers
ASTM D7493-14 - Standard Test Method for Online Measurement of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatograph and Electrochemical Detection
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014
Refers
ASTM D7833-12 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons and Non-Hydrocarbon Gases in Gaseous Mixtures by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Refers
ASTM D4468-85(2011) - Standard Test Method for Total Sulfur in Gaseous Fuels by Hydrogenolysis and<br> Rateometric Colorimetry
Effective Date
01-Nov-2011
Refers
ASTM D3588-98(2011) - Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
01-Nov-2011
Refers
ASTM D7607-11 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Oxygen in Gaseous Fuels (Electrochemical Sensor Method)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Refers
ASTM D5454-11e1 - Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous Fuels Using Electronic Moisture Analyzers
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Refers
ASTM D5454-11 - Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous Fuels Using Electronic Moisture Analyzers
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Refers
ASTM D7606-11 - Standard Practice for Sampling of High Pressure Hydrogen and Related Fuel Cell Feed Gases
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011
Refers
ASTM D6228-10 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Flame Photometric Detection (Withdrawn 2019)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Refers
ASTM D7650-10 - Standard Test Method for Test Method for Sampling of Particulate Matter in High Pressure Hydrogen used as a Gaseous Fuel with an In-Stream Filter
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010

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ASTM D8487-23 - Standard Specification for Natural Gas, Hydrogen Blends for Use as a Motor Vehicle FuelASTM D8487-23 - Standard Specification for Natural Gas, Hydrogen Blends for Use as a Motor Vehicle Fuel
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ASTM D8487-23 - Standard Specification for Natural Gas, Hydrogen Blends for Use as a Motor Vehicle Fuel
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8487 − 23
Standard Specification for
Natural Gas, Hydrogen Blends for Use as a Motor Vehicle
1
Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification defines the minimum fuel quality 2.1 ASTM Standards:
requirements for gaseous fuels consisting primarily of methane D1142 Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous
blended with volume fraction of up to 10 % hydrogen (H ) Fuels by Measurement of Dew-Point Temperature
2
when used as an internal combustion engine fuel. D1945 Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas
Chromatography
1.2 This specification defines the criteria for blending hy-
D3588 Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility
drogen with natural gas, biogas, or renewable natural gas
Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
(RNG) and then compressed into compressed natural gas
D4150 Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
(CNG) for use as a fuel for internal combustion engines in
D4468 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Gaseous Fuels by
motor vehicles.
Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric Colorimetry
1.3 The total volume fraction of hydrogen within the fuel
D5454 Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous
shall consist of hydrogen contained in the natural gas, biogas,
Fuels Using Electronic Moisture Analyzers
or renewable gas and any additional hydrogen blended into the
D5504 Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds
fuel mixture.
in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatogra-
phy and Chemiluminescence
1.4 This specification covers the needs of internal combus-
tion engines designed for use in motor vehicles. D6228 Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds
in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatogra-
1.5 This specification applies to the fuel as delivered into
phy and Flame Photometric Detection
the on-board fuel tanks of a motor vehicle as a compressed gas.
D6968 Test Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Sul-
1.6 This specification is not a natural gas pipeline standard;
fur Compounds and Minor Hydrocarbons in Natural Gas
those requirements are determined by national and regional
and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Atomic
tariffs.
Emission Detection
D7165 Practice for Gas Chromatograph Based On-line/At-
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
line Analysis for Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels
as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
D7493 Test Method for Online Measurement of Sulfur
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Chromatograph and Electrochemical Detection
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D7551 Test Method for Determination of Total Volatile
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Sulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Liquefied Petroleum
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Gases and Natural Gas by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D7606 Practice for Sampling of High Pressure Hydrogen
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
and Related Fuel Cell Feed Gases
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D7607 Test Method for Analysis of Oxygen in Gaseous
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Fuels (Electrochemical Sensor Method)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D7650 Practice for Sampling of Particulate Matter in High
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Pressure Gaseous Fuels with an In-Stream Filter
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on
2
Gaseous Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.92 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Terminology Classification and Specifications. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published July 2023. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8487-23. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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5.1 This test method is useful in determining the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in gaseous samples and in verifying compliance with operational needs and/or environmental limitations for H2S content. The automated performance operation of this method allows unattended measurement of H2S concentration. The user is referred to Practice D7166 for unattended on-line use of instrumentation based upon the lead acetate reaction rate method.
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ASTM D4468-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Sulfur in Gaseous Fuels by Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric Colorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine specification, or regulatory compliance to requirements, for total sulfur in gaseous fuels. In gas processing plants, sulfur can be a contaminant and must be removed before gas is introduced into gas pipelines. In petrochemical plants, sulfur is a poison for many catalysts and must be reduced to acceptable levels, usually in the range from 0.01 ppm/v to 1 ppm/v. This test method may also be used as a quality-control tool for sulfur determination in finished products, such as propane, butane, ethane, and ethylene.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Elemental sulfur impacts the quality of pipeline natural gas and deposits on pipeline flanges, fittings and valves, thereby impacting their performance. Natural gas suppliers and distributers require a standardized test method for measuring elemental sulfur. Some government regulators are also interested in measuring elemental sulfur since it would provide a means for assessing the contribution of elemental sulfur in pipelines to the SOx emission inventory from burning of gaseous fuels. Use of this method in concert with sulfur gas laboratory test methods such as Test Methods D4084, D4468, D5504, and D6228 or on-line methods such as D7165 or D7166 can provide users with a comprehensive sulfur compound profile for natural gas or other gaseous fuels. Other applications may include elemental sulfur in particulate deposits such as diesel exhausts.
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This test method is for the determination of total sulfur in combustible fuel gases and is applicable to natural gases, manufactured gases, mixed gases, and other miscellaneous gaseous fuels. For the use of barium chloride titration following collection of sulfur dioxide by alternative procedures, ammonia, amines, substances producing water soluble cations, and fluorides will interfere with the titration. The apparatus includes the following: (1) burner, (2) chimneys, absorbers, and spray traps, (3) flow meter, (4) vacuum system, (5) air-purifying system, and (6) monometer. The schematic diagrams of the gas burner, combustion and absorption apparatus, suction system, and purified air system are provided. Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests and include: (1) water, (2) denatured ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, (3) barium chloride, standard solution, (4) hydrochloric acid, (5) hydrogen peroxide, (6) iso-propanol, (7) potassium hydrogen phthalate, (8) phenolphthalein, (9) methyl orange indicator solution, (10) silver nitrate solution, (11) sodium carbonate solution, (12) sodium hydroxide solution, (13) sulfuric acid, (14) tetrahydroxyquinone indicator, and (15) thorin indicator. The procedure for the following are detailed: (1) calibration and standardization of sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and barium chloride solutions, (2) preparation of apparatus, (3) sulfur determination, (4) analysis of absorbent, and (5) quality assurance. The formula of calculating the volume of gas in standard cubic feet burned during the determination and the concentration of sulfur from the results of titration are given.
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ASTM D8221-23(Practice)
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5.1 The methane number (MN) is a measure of the resistance of the gaseous fuel to autoignition (knock) when used in an internal combustion engine. The relative merits of gaseous fuels from different sources and having different compositions can be compared readily on the basis of their methane numbers. Therefore, the calculated methane number (MNC) is used as a parameter for determining the suitability of a gaseous fuel for internal combustion engines in both mobile and stationary applications.
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ASTM D4150-23(Terminology)
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1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels. It does not include terms, definitions, abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols specific to only a single D03 standard in which they appear. These terms, definitions, abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols are used in:  
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ASTM D7941/D7941M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Purity Analysis Using a Continuous Wave Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Analyzer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Proton exchange membranes (PEM) used in fuel cells are susceptible to contamination from a number of species that can be found in hydrogen. It is critical that these contaminants be measured and verified to be present at or below the amounts stated in SAE J2719 and ISO 14687 to ensure both fuel cell longevity and optimum efficiency. Contaminant concentrations as low as single-figure ppb(v) for some species can seriously compromise the life span and efficiency of PEM fuel cells. The presence of contaminants in fuel-cell-grade hydrogen can, in some cases, have a permanent adverse impact on fuel cell efficiency and usability. It is critical to monitor the concentration of key contaminants in hydrogen during the production phase through to delivery of the fuel to a fuel cell vehicle or other PEM fuel cell application. In ISO 14687, the upper limits for the contaminants are specified. Refer to SAE J2719 (see 2.3) for specific national and regional requirements. For hydrogen fuel that is transported and delivered as a cryogenic liquid, there is additional risk of introducing impurities during transport and delivery operations. For instance, moisture can build up over time in liquid transfer lines, critical control components, and long-term storage facilities, which can lead to ice buildup within the system and subsequent blockages that pose a safety risk or the introduction of contaminants into the gas stream upon evaporation of the liquid. Users are reminded to consult Practice D7265 for critical thermophysical properties such as the ortho/para hydrogen spin isomer inversion that can lead to additional hazards in liquid hydrogen usage.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes contaminant determination in fuel cell grade hydrogen as specified in relevant ASTM and ISO standards using cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). This standard test method is for the measurement of one or multiple contaminants including, but not limited to, water (H2O), oxygen (O2), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and formaldehyde (H2CO), henceforth referred to as “analyte.”  
1.2 This test method applies to CRDS analyzers with one or multiple sensor modules (see 6.2 for definition). This test method describes sampling apparatus design, operating procedures, and quality control procedures required to obtain the stated levels of precision and accuracy.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D7493-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Online Measurement of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatograph and Electrochemical Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Gaseous fuels, such as natural gas, petroleum gases and bio-gases, contain sulfur compounds that are naturally occurring or that are added as odorants for safety purposes. These sulfur compounds are odorous, toxic, corrosive to equipment, and can inhibit or destroy catalysts employed in gas processing and other end uses. Their accurate continuous measurement is important to gas processing, operation and use, and is frequently of regulatory interest.  
5.2 Small amounts (typically, total of 4 to 6 ppm(v)) of sulfur odorants are added to natural gas and other fuel gases for safety purposes. Some sulfur odorants are reactive and may be oxidized to form more stable sulfur compounds having higher odor thresholds which adversely impact the potential safety of the gas delivery systems and gas users. Gaseous fuels are analyzed for sulfur compounds and odorant levels to assist in pipeline integrity surveillance and to ensure appropriate odorant levels for public safety.  
5.3 This method offers an on-line method to continuously identify and quantify individual target sulfur species in gaseous fuel with automatic calibration and validation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for on-line measurement of gas phase sulfur-containing compounds in gaseous fuels by gas chromatography (GC) and electrochemical (EC) detection. This test method is applicable to hydrogen sulfide, C1 to C4 mercaptans, sulfides, and tetrahydrothiophene (THT).  
1.1.1 Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is not measured according to this test method.  
1.1.2 The detection range for sulfur compounds is approximately from 0.1 to 100 ppm(v) (mL/m3) or 0.1 to 100 mg/m3 at 25 °C, 101.3 kPa. The detection range will vary depending on the sample injection volume, chromatographic peak separation, and the sensitivity of the specific EC detector.  
1.2 This test method describes a GC-EC method using capillary GC columns and a specific detector for natural gas and other gaseous fuels composed of mainly light (C4 and smaller) hydrocarbons. Alternative GC columns including packed columns, detector designs, and instrument parameters may be used, provided that chromatographic separation, quality control, and measurement objectives needed to comply with user or regulator needs, or both, are achieved.  
1.3 This test method does not intend to identify and measure all individual sulfur species and is mainly employed for monitoring naturally occurring reduced sulfur compounds commonly found in natural gas and fuel gases or employed as an odorant in these gases.  
1.4 This test method is typically employed in repetitive or continuous on-line monitoring of sulfur components in natural gas and fuel gases using a single sulfur calibration standard. Guidance for producing calibration curves specific to particular analytes or enhanced quality control procedures can be found in Test Methods D5504, D5623, D6228, D6968, ISO 19739, or GPA 2199.  
1.5 The test method can be used for measuring sulfur compounds listed in Table 1 in air or other gaseous matrices, provided that compounds that can interfere with the GC separation and electrochemical detection are not present.  
1.6 This test method is written as a companion to Practices D5287, D7165 and D7166.  
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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