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ASTM C1628-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets

Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible leak resistant joints for concrete gravity flow sewer pipes using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where measurable or defined infiltration or exfiltration is a factor of the design. The gasket shall be fabricated from a rubber compound, the basic polymer of which shall be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or a blend of both. Gaskets shall be manufactured in the specified design sizes and dimensions, conforming to both circular cross-section or "O-ring" gaskets, and non-circular cross-sections or "profile" gaskets. The joints shall also be made to meet design requirements as to confined circular cross-section and non-circular cross-section gasket joint designs. Volume, non-circular shape stretch height, and length of the manufactured gaskets shall be determined, while, the joints shall be evaluated according to their performances in hydrostatic and structural tests. The finished products shall be handled, stored, inspected, and marked appropriately.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible leak resistant joints for concrete gravity flow sewer pipe using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where measurable or defined infiltration or exfiltration is a factor of the design. The specification covers the design of joints and the requirements for rubber gaskets to be used therewith, for pipe conforming in all other respects to Specifications C 14, C 76, C 655, C 985, and C 1417, provided that, if there is conflict in permissible variations in dimension, the requirements of this specification shall govern for joints.Note 1
Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed pipeline are dependent upon many factors other than the joints, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system. This specification covers the design, material, and performance of the rubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification are for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi without leakage, when plant tested in accordance with Section 10.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2006
ICS
93.030 - External sewage systems
Technical Committee
C13 - Concrete Pipe
Drafting Committee
C13.08 - Joints for Precast Concrete Structures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1628-11 - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets
Effective Date
01-Sep-2011
Referred By
ASTM C76-22a - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006
Referred By
ASTM C655M-19a - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006
Referred By
ASTM C1846/C1846M-19 - Standard Specification for Performance Based Manufacture of Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006
Referred By
ASTM C655-19a - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006
Referred By
ASTM C1885-21 - Standard Specification for Circular Precast Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe for Pipe Jacking
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006
Referred By
ASTM C1619-20 - Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete Structures
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006
Referred By
ASTM C76M-22a - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006

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ASTM C1628-06 - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber GasketsASTM C1628-06 - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets
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ASTM C1628-06 - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1628 – 06
Standard Specification for
Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber
1
Gaskets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1628; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm
Drain, and Sewer Pipe
1.1 This specification covers flexible leak resistant joints for
C497 TestMethodsforConcretePipe,ManholeSections,or
concrete gravity flow sewer pipe using rubber gaskets for
Tile
sealing the joints, where measurable or defined infiltration or
C655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Cul-
exfiltration is a factor of the design. The specification covers
vert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
the design of joints and the requirements for rubber gaskets to
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
be used therewith, for pipe conforming in all other respects to
Products
Specifications C14, C76, C655, C985, and C1417, provided
C985 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Specified
that, if there is conflict in permissible variations in dimension,
Strength Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
the requirements of this specification shall govern for joints.
C1417 Specification for Manufacture of Reinforced Con-
NOTE 1—Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed pipeline
crete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe for Direct
are dependent upon many factors other than the joints, and allowable
Design
quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of
C1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-
the installed pipeline and system. This specification covers the design,
crete Structures
material, and performance of the rubber gasket joint only. Joints covered
by this specification are for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi without
3. Terminology
leakage, when plant tested in accordance with Section 10.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to con-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
crete pipe, see Terminology C822.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Basis of Acceptance
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gasket shall be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
determined by the approved design submittal information,
2. Referenced Documents results of the physical tests prescribed in this specification, and
2 by inspection to determine whether the pipe joints and gaskets
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conform to this specification as to design and freedom from
C14 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer,
defects.
Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe
5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets
5.1 The gasket shall be fabricated from a rubber compound.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
The basic polymer shall be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints for
ablendofbothmeetingthephysicalrequirementsprescribedin
Precast Concrete Structures.
Specification C1619.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. DOI:
10.1520/C1628-06.
5.1.1 Gaskets for standard use shall meet Class E require-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ments. Gaskets which require oil resistant properties shall meet
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Class B requirements.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.2 Circular Cross-Section or “O-Ring” Gaskets:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1628 – 06
5.2.1 Circular cross-section or “O-ring” gaskets shall be surfaces to be modified with grooves or offsets to properly
extruded or molded to the specified size within a tolerance of contain and seat the gasket.
1
6 ⁄64 in. or 61.5 % of the cord diameter, whichever is larger.
6.1.6 The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon to
5.2.2 Circular cross-section or “O-ring” gaskets shall have
make the joint flexible and leak resistant. The gasket shall be a
thenominaldesigncutlengthtoleranceof 63.0 %forextruded continuous ring which fits snugly into the annular space
and spliced gaskets.
betweentheoverlappingsurfacesoftheassembledpipejointto
5.2.3 Each gasket shall be manufactured to provide the form a flexible watertight
...

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This specification covers resilient connectors between reinforced concrete manhole structures, pipes, and laterals. Resilient materials for connectors and filler rings shall be manufactured from natural or synthetic rubber and shall conform to the prescribed requirements. Mechanical devices shall be made from a material or materials in combination that will ensure durability, strength, resistance to corrosion, and have properties that will ensure continued resistance to leakage. The design of pipe connectors and pipe stubs are specified. The physical properties and chemical composition shall conform to the required tests for chemical resistance, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, accelerated oven-aging, compression set, water absorption, ozone resistance, low-temperature brittle point, and tear resistance.
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1.2 The values stated in inch pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
Note 1: This specification covers the design, material, and performance of the resilient connection only. Connections covered by this specification are adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft) [90 kPa (9.1 m)] without leakage when tested in accordance with Section 7. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed system are dependent upon many factors other than the connections between manhole structures and pipe, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.  
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ASTM C1628-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flexible leak resistant joints for concrete gravity flow sewer pipes using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where measurable or defined infiltration or exfiltration is a factor of the design. The gasket shall be fabricated from a rubber compound, the basic polymer of which shall be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or a blend of both. Gaskets shall be manufactured in the specified design sizes and dimensions, conforming to both circular cross-section or "O-ring" gaskets, and non-circular cross-sections or "profile" gaskets. The joints shall also be made to meet design requirements as to confined circular cross-section and non-circular cross-section gasket joint designs. Volume, non-circular shape stretch height, and length of the manufactured gaskets shall be determined, while, the joints shall be evaluated according to their performances in hydrostatic and structural tests. The finished products shall be handled, stored, inspected, and marked appropriately.
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This specification covers performance-based manufacture and corresponding test methods for reinforced concrete pipe to be used in the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and in the construction of culverts. Pipe furnished under this specification shall be designated as Class I, II, III, IV, or V. The reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials; mineral aggregates; admixtures, if used; fibers; and water in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Cementitious materials include cement, slag cement, fly ash, and allowable combinations of cementitious materials.
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ASTM C1618-19(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is a quality control test performed at the manufacturing plant to establish that the finished, shippable pipe meets the leakage limits stated in the specifications.
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1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: The availability of this test procedure for concrete pipe varies from location to location. Check with local supplier(s) for availability and recommendations.  
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ASTM C1618M-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Concrete Sanitary Sewer Pipe by Negative (Vacuum) Air Pressure (Metric)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is a quality test control performed at the manufacturing plant to establish that the finished, shippable pipe meets the leakage limits stated in the specifications.
SCOPE
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1.3 Test times are based on leakage rates and therefore are proportional only to the pipe diameter and are constant for any length of test pipe or pipeline.  
1.4 Test times tabulated and the rate of air loss in this standard are based on successful testing of installed pipelines. However, since air and water have different physical properties, retests of some pipelines not meeting field air tests have been successful when tested with water. The leakage rates of 0.0017 CFM/ft2 and 0.0003 CFM/ft2, were determined empirically as the maximums for pipe to meet the 50 and 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mile of sewer) (24h) test rates, respectively  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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ASTM F3220-17(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Prioritizing Sewer Pipe Cleaning Operations by Using Transmissive Acoustic Inspection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Significance:  
4.1.1 Collection system maintenance requires allocating cleaning resources to the right place prior to system failure (sanitary sewer overflows, mainline blockages, and building backups). Transmissive acoustic inspection provides a tool to assist in allocating cleaning resources by prioritizing pipe segments based on their blockage assessment and thereby facilitating efficient cleaning resource allocation.  
4.1.2 This standard practice provides minimum requirements and suggested practices regarding the transmissive acoustic inspection of gravity-fed sewer line blockage assessment to meet the needs of maintenance personnel, engineers, contractors, authorities, regulatory agencies, and financing institutions.  
4.2 Limitations and Appropriate Uses:  
4.2.1 The blockage assessment provided by the transmissive acoustic inspection may not resolve the type of blockage(s) within the pipe segment nor resolve the location(s) of the blockage(s) within the pipe segment.  
4.2.2 Due to the physics associated with transmissive acoustic inspection, the blockage assessment may be confounded due to:
(1) Structural designs resulting in poor acoustic coupling,
(2) Pipe segments completely filled with water, for example, full pipe sag or inverted siphon, and
(3) Transient conditions within the pipe, for example, active lateral discharge or temporary flow surcharges.
These issues are addressed as part of the performance criteria specified in X1.5.  
4.2.3 Due to physics associated with acoustics and trade-offs in equipment design for conducting transmissive acoustic inspection, there are limitations based on the following pipe segment attributes:
(1) Pipe diameter,
(2) Pipe segment length,
(3) MH depth, and
(4) Flow levels.
Inspections conducted outside the manufacturer’s recommended ranges for these pipe segment attributes may result in the transmissive acoustic blockage assessment deviating from the performance criteria specified in X1.5...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for assessing the blockage within gravity-fed sewer pipes using transmissive acoustics for the purpose of prioritizing sewer pipe cleaning operations.2 The assessment is based on an acoustic receiver measuring the acoustic plane wave transmitted through the pipe segment under test in order to evaluate the blockage condition of an entire segment and to provide an onsite assessment of the blockage within the pipe segment. (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)3  
1.2 The scope of this practice covers the use of the transmissive acoustic inspection as a screening tool. The blockage assessment provided by the acoustic inspection should be used to identify and prioritize pipe segments requiring further maintenance action such as cleaning or visual inspection, or both. Thereby, also identifying the pipe segments which are sufficiently clean and do not require additional maintenance action.  
1.3 This standard practice does not address structural issues with the pipe wall.  
1.4 The inspection process requires access to the manhole (MH) from ground level. It does not require physical access to the sewer line by either the equipment or the operator.  
1.5 This standard practice applies to all types of pipe material.  
1.6 The inspection process requires access to sewers and operations along roadways or other locations that are safety hazards. This standard does not describe the hazards likely to be encountered or the safety procedures that must be carried out when operating in these hazardous environments.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate s...

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ASTM F2551-09(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Installing a Protective Cementitious Liner System in Sanitary Sewer Manholes

ABSTRACT
This practice describes the procedures involved in the structural reinforcement, sealing, protection, and rehabilitation of sanitary sewer manholes by the application of a prepackaged protective cementitious liner system to all cleaned interior surface from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The manholes to which the cementitious liner shall be applied may be made of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials. Detailed descriptions are given for all prepackaged materials necessary for this practice that include materials for substrate repairs, cementitious repair materials, infiltration water control materials, cementitious water control materials, chemical grout materials, and lining materials. Detailed descriptions are also provided for each procedure involved here which includes surface preparation, high pressure cleaning, surface repair, mixing of prepackaged cementitious repair materials, spray application of the cement liner by manual surface sealing or centrifugal cast process, and curing of the freshly applied cementitious mortar.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes all the work required to structurally reinforce, seal, and protect sanitary sewer manholes. Applications include applying a prepackaged cementitious liner that can function as a full depth restoration or a partial depth repair. A uniform high-strength, fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar should be manually sprayed and hand troweled or centrifugally cast in a uniform, prescribed thickness to all cleaned, interior surfaces from the bottom of the frame to the bench. The cementitious liner may be applied to manholes constructed of brick, concrete, block, and various other materials.  
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Manholes are permit required confined spaces in accordance with OSHA definition and should be treated as such, requiring confined space entry permits, appropriate monitoring equipment, and the associated personal protective equipment.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F2414-04(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sealing Sewer Manholes Using Chemical Grouting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is used as a guide for the installation of chemical grout in the practice of sealing sewer manholes from leaks, cracks, and around penetrations. It is attended to assist sewer owners and engineer, owner’s representative, or authorized inspectors for installation method specification and for contractors to refer to during installations of chemical grout for manhole sealing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers proposed selection of materials, installation techniques, and inspection required for sealing manholes using chemical grout. Manholes or sections of manholes with active leaks shall be repaired. Manholes to be grouted are of brick, block, cast-in-place concrete, precast concrete, or fiberglass construction. Manholes or sections of manholes with active leaks will be designated by the engineer, owner’s representative, or authorized inspector, for manhole grouting.  
1.2 The contractor shall be responsible for furnishing all labor, supervision, materials, equipment, and inspection follow-up required for the completion of chemical grouting of manhole defects in accordance with the contract documents.  
1.3 Materials, additives, mixture ratios, and procedures utilized for the grouting process shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and shall be appropriate for the application.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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