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ASTM D7371-14(2022)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Biodiesel is a blendstock commodity primarily used as a value-added blending component with diesel fuel.  
5.2 This test method is applicable for quality control in the production and distribution of diesel fuel and biodiesel blends containing FAME.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) biodiesel in diesel fuel oils. It is applicable to concentrations from 1.00 % to 20 % by volume (see Note 1). This procedure is applicable only to FAME. Biodiesel in the form of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) will cause a negative bias.
Note 1: Using the proper ATR sample accessory, the range may be expanded from 1 % to 100 % by volume, however precision data is not available above 20 % by volume.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2022
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0F - Absorption Spectroscopic Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D7467-20 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Refers
ASTM D7467-20a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020

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ASTM D7371-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)ASTM D7371-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
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ASTM D7371-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7371 − 14 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters)
Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
1
(FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the content
ucts by Hydrometer Method
of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) biodiesel in diesel fuel oils.
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
It is applicable to concentrations from 1.00 % to 20 % by
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
volume (see Note 1). This procedure is applicable only to
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
FAME. Biodiesel in the form of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE)
Petroleum Products
will cause a negative bias.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
NOTE 1—Using the proper ATR sample accessory, the range may be
Petroleum Products
expanded from 1 % to 100 % by volume, however precision data is not
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
available above 20 % by volume.
Analytical Standards
1.2 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to be
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
Variable Equation
for information only.
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Measurement System Performance
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
for Middle Distillate Fuels
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
(B6 to B20)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tative Analysis
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative
Analysis
2. Referenced Documents E2056 Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectro-
2
photometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Using Surrogate Mixtures
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate
3. Terminology
Fuels
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 biodiesel, n—a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of
long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
fats, designated B100. D6751
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
3.1.2 biodiesel blend, BXX, n—a blend of biodiesel fuel
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally
with petroleum-based diesel fuel. D7467
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7371 – 14. DOI:
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In the abbreviation BXX, the XX rep-
10.1520/D7371-14R22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
resents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D6751
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.1.3 diesel fuel, n—petroleum-based middle distillate fuel.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7371 − 14 (2022)
3.1.4 multivariate calibration, n—process for creating a water vapor can appear in the infrared spectrum. This shall be
model that relates component concentrations or properties to accounted for to
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This specification is intended to support purchasing agencies when formulating specifications for purchases of aviation distillate fuel under contract.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract.  
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1.6 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin which now approves the use of Specification D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specification for Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. However, other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7544-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel

ABSTRACT
This specification details the physical and chemical requirements for pyrolysis liquid biofuels produced from biomass that are intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle these types of fuels. The type of biofuel covered here is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications. It shall remain uniform in medium-term storage and shall not separate into layers due to gravity. Properly sampled test specimens shall undergo test procedures to determine their adherence to the following requirements: gross heat of combustion; water content; pyrolysis solids content; kinematic viscosity; density; sulfur content; ash content; pH; flash point; and pour point.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers grades of pyrolysis liquid biofuel produced from biomass intended for use in various types of fuel-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grade G is intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the requirements listed for Grade G in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade G in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications.  
1.1.2 Grade D is intended for use in commercial/industrial burners requiring lower solids and ash content and which are equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the requirements listed for Grade D in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade D in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential heaters, engines, or marine applications not modified to handle these types of fuels.
Note 1: For information on the significance of the physical, chemical, and performance properties identified in this specification, see Appendix X1.  
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of pyrolysis liquid biofuel and for guidance of consumers of this type of fuel.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification should preclude observance of national or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
Note 2: The generation and dissipation of static electricity may create problems in the handling of pyrolysis liquid biofuel. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—BTU units are included for information only in 3.2.3.1.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3241-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test results are indicative of fuel performance during gas turbine operation and can be used to assess the level of deposits that form when liquid fuel contacts a heated surface that is at a specified temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for rating the tendencies of gas turbine fuels to deposit decomposition products within the fuel system.  
1.2 The differential pressure values in mm Hg are defined only in terms of this test method.  
1.3 The deposition values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the referee value.  
1.4 The pressure values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The psi comparison is included for operational safety with certain older instruments that cannot report pressure in SI units.  
1.5 No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1.1, 7.1, 7.3, 12.1.1, and Annex A6.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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