ASTM C191-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle
Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle
SCOPE
1.1 These methods determine the time of setting of hydraulic cement by means of the Vicat needle. Two test methods are given; Method A is the Reference Test Method using the manually operated standard Vicat apparatus, while Method B permits the use of an automatic Vicat machine that has, in accordance with the qualification requirements of this method, demonstrated acceptable performance.
Note 1—For the method for determining time of setting by Gillmore needles, see Test Method C 266.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 1.4 for a specific warning statement.
1.4 Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. The use of gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection is recommended. Wash contact area with copious amounts of water after contact. Wash eyes for a minimum of 15 min. Avoid exposure of the body to clothing saturated with the liquid phase of the unhardened material. Remove contaminated clothing immediately after exposure.
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Designation: C 191 – 99 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
AASHTO No.: T131
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope reciprocal shall be not greater than twice the permissible
variation.
1.1 This method covers determination of the time of setting
3.2 Weights—The permissible variations on weights in use
of hydraulic cement by means of the Vicat needle.
in weighing the cement shall be as prescribed in Table 1. The
NOTE 1—For the method for determining time of setting by Gillmore
permissible variations on new weights shall be one half of the
needles, see Test Method C 266.
values in Table 1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.3 Glass Graduates, 200 or 250-mL capacity, and conform-
standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.
ing to the requirements of Specification C 490.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.4 Vicat Apparatus—The Vicat apparatus shall consist of a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
frame, A, Fig. 1, bearing a movable rod, B, weighing 300 g, one
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
end, C, the plunger end, being 10 mm in diameter for a distance
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of at least 50 mm and the other end having a removable steel
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 2 for a
needle, D, 1 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length. The rod B
specific warning statement.
is reversible, and can be held in any desired position by a set
screw, E, and has an adjustable indicator, F, which moves over
NOTE 2—Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
a scale (graduated in millimetres) attached to the frame, A. The
and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged
exposure. The use of gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection is paste is held in a conical ring, G, resting on a plate of similar
recommended. Wash contact area with copious amounts of water after
planeness, corrosivity, and absorptivity to that of glass, H,
contact. Wash eyes for a minimum of 15 min. Avoid exposure of the body
about 100 mm square. The ring shall be made of a noncorrod-
to clothing saturated with the liquid phase of the unhardened material.
ing, nonabsorbing material, and shall have an inside diameter
Remove contaminated clothing immediately after exposure.
of 70 mm at the base and 60 mm at the top and a height of 40
mm. In addition to the above, the Vicat apparatus shall conform
2. Referenced Documents
to the following requirements:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Weight of plunger 300 6 0.5 g (0.661 lb 6 8 grains)
C 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic
Diameter of larger end 10 6 0.05 mm (0.394 6 0.002 in.)
Cement
of plunger
Diameter of needle 1 6 0.05 mm (0.039 6 0.002 in.)
C 266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-
Inside diameter of ring 70 6 3 mm (2.756 0.12 in.)
Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles
at bottom
C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
Inside diameter of ring 60 6 3 mm (2.366 0.12 in.)
at top
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
Height of ring 40 6 1 mm (1.57 6 0.04 in.)
C 490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination
Graduated scale The graduated scale, when compared with a
of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
scale accurate to within 0.1 mm
at all points, shall not show
Concrete
any point greater than 0.25 mm.
3. Apparatus
4. Temperature and Humidity
3.1 Scales—The scales shall conform to the following
4.1 The temperature of the air in the vicinity of the mixing
requirements: On scales in use the permissible variation at a
slab, the dry cement, molds, and base plates shall be main-
load of 9.8 N shall be 6 0.01 N. The permissible variation on
tained between 20 and 27.5°C (68 and 81.5°F). The tempera-
new scales shall be one half of this value. The sensibility
ture of the mixing water and of the moist closet or moist room
shall not vary from 23°C (73.4°F) by more than 6 1.7°C (3°F).
Generally, defined, the sensibility reciprocal is the change in load required to
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-1 on Cement and
change the position of rest of the indicating element or elements of a nonautomatic-
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.30 on Time of Set.
indicating scale a definite amount at any load. For more complete definition, see
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Originally
“Specifications, Tolerances, and Regulations for Commercial Weighing and Mea-
published as C 191 – 44. Last previous edition C 191 – 92.
suring Devices,” Handbook H44, National Bureau of Standards, September 1949,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
pp. 92 and 93.
C 191
TABLE 1 Permissible Variations on Weights
6. Procedure
Permissible Variations on Weights in Use,
Weight, g 6.1 Molding Test Specimen—Quickly form the cement
plus or minus, g
paste, prepared as described in the section on preparation of
500 0.18
cement paste, into a ball with the gloved hands and toss six
300 0.15
250 0.13 times from one hand to the other, maintaining the hands about
200 0.10
6 in. (152 mm) apart. Press the ball, resting in the palm of the
100 0.07
hand, into the larger end of the conical ring, G, Fig. 1, held in
50 0.04
20 0.02 the other hand, completely filling the ring with paste. Remove
10 0.02
the excess at the
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