ASTM D6169/D6169M-21
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Subsurface Soil and Rock Sampling Devices for Environmental and Geotechnical Investigations
Standard Guide for Selection of Subsurface Soil and Rock Sampling Devices for Environmental and Geotechnical Investigations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Direct observation of the subsurface by the collection of soil and rock samples is an essential part of investigation for geotechnical and environmental purposes. This guide provides information on the major types of soil and rock sampling devices to assist in selection of devices that are suitable for known site geologic conditions, and provide samples that meet project objectives. This guide should not be used as a substitute for consulting with professional experience in sampling soil or rock in similar formations before determining the best method and type of sampling.
4.2 This guide should be used in conjunction with Guide D6286 on drilling methods and sampling equipment, and diamond drilling Guide D2113. Drilling and sampler specific practices and guides listed throughout this guide are used as part of developing a detailed site investigation and sampling plan. The sampling plan should start with development of a site conceptual model and phased investigations to locate sampling sites (D420, D6286). The selection of sampling equipment and sampling devices goes hand-in-hand. In some cases, soil sample requirements may influence choice of drilling method, or conversely, types of available sampling equipment may influence choice of sampling devices.
4.3 Samples should be handled in accordance with Practice D4220/D4220M, for preserving and transporting soil samples, Practice D5079 for preserving and transporting rock core samples for geotechnical purposes. For environmental work sample handling procedures should be in accordance with Practice D6640 for collection and handling of soils obtained in core barrel samplers for environmental investigations, Practice D3694 for preparation of sample containers and for preservation of organic constituents, and Practice D5088 for decontamination of field equipment used at waste sites.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers guidance for the selection of soil and rock sampling devices used for the purpose of characterizing in situ physical and hydraulic properties, chemical characteristics, subsurface lithology, stratigraphy and structure, and hydrogeologic units in geotechnical and environmental investigations.
1.2 This guide should be used in conjunction with referenced ASTM Guides D420 and D5730, and individual practices for sampling devices referenced in 2.1. Soil and rock samplers are most often used in drilled/pushed boreholes using various drilling methods/technologies in Guide D6286 and it addresses ability to use these samplers.
1.3 Refer to Practice D6640 and Guide D4547 for handling of samples for environmental investigations. Practices D4220/D4220M and D5079 are used for preserving and transporting soil and rock samples.
1.4 This guide does not address selection of sampling devices for hand-held soil sampling equipment (Guide D4700) and soil sample collection with solid-stem augering devices (Practice D1452/D1452M), or collection of grab samples or hand-carved block samples (D7015/D7015M) from accessible excavations. Refer to X1.2 for additional guidance on use of soil and rock sampling devices for both environmental and geotechnical applications.
1.5 This guide does not address devices for collecting cores from submerged sediments or other sampling devices for solid wastes. Refer to Guides D4823 and D6232 for these materials.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document canno...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6169/D6169M − 21
Standard Guide for
Selection of Subsurface Soil and Rock Sampling Devices
1
for Environmental and Geotechnical Investigations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6169/D6169M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information
or series of options and does not recommend a specific course
1.1 This guide covers guidance for the selection of soil and
of action. This document cannot replace education and expe-
rocksamplingdevicesusedforthepurposeofcharacterizingin
rience and should be used in conjunction with professional
situphysicalandhydraulicproperties,chemicalcharacteristics,
judgment. The word “Standard” in the title of this document
subsurface lithology, stratigraphy and structure, and hydrogeo-
means that the document has been approved through theASTM
logic units in geotechnical and environmental investigations.
consensus process.
1.2 This guide should be used in conjunction with refer-
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
enced ASTM Guides D420 and D5730, and individual prac-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tices for sampling devices referenced in 2.1. Soil and rock
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
samplers are most often used in drilled/pushed boreholes using
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
various drilling methods/technologies in Guide D6286 and it
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
addresses ability to use these samplers.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 Refer to Practice D6640 and Guide D4547 for handling
of samples for environmental investigations. Practices D4220/ ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D4220M and D5079 are used for preserving and transporting
soil and rock samples. mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.4 This guide does not address selection of sampling
devices for hand-held soil sampling equipment (Guide D4700)
2. Referenced Documents
and soil sample collection with solid-stem augering devices
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(Practice D1452/D1452M), or collection of grab samples or
D420 Guide for Site Characterization for Engineering De-
hand-carved block samples (D7015/D7015M) from accessible
sign and Construction Purposes
excavations. Refer to X1.2 for additional guidance on use of
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
soil and rock sampling devices for both environmental and
Fluids
geotechnical applications.
D1452/D1452M Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling
1.5 This guide does not address devices for collecting cores
by Auger Borings
from submerged sediments or other sampling devices for solid
D1586/D1586M Test Method for Standard Penetration Test
wastes. Refer to Guides D4823 and D6232 for these materials.
(SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1587/D1587M Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Rock for Site Exploration
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
D3550/D3550M Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils
with the standard.
D3694 Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and
for Preservation of Organic Constituents
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilandRock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6169 – 13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6169_D6169M-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appear
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6169/D6169M − 13 D6169/D6169M − 21
Standard Guide for
Selection of Subsurface Soil and Rock Sampling Devices
Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental and Geotechnical
1
Investigations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6169/D6169M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers guidance for the selection of soil and rock sampling devices used with drill rigs for the purpose of
characterizing in situ physical and hydraulic properties, chemical characteristics, subsurface lithology, stratigraphy and structure,
and hydrogeologic units in geotechnical and environmental investigations.
1.2 This guide does not specifically address selection of soil sampling devices for use with direct-push sampling systems, but the
information in this guide on thick-wall and thin-wall samplers is generally applicable to direct-push soil sampling.
1.2 This guide should be used in conjunction with referenced ASTM guides, practices,Guides D420 and D5730methods on drilling
techniques for geoenvironmental investigations and use of , and individual practices for sampling devices referenced in 2.1, and
with . Soil and rock samplers are most often used in drilled/pushed boreholes using various drilling methods/technologies in Guide
D5730D6286. and it addresses ability to use these samplers.
1.3 Refer to Practice D6640 and Guide D4547 for handling of samples for environmental investigations. Practices D4220/
D4220M and D5079 are used for preserving and transporting soil and rock samples.
1.4 This guide does not address selection of sampling devices for hand-held soil sampling equipment, equipment (Guide D4700)
and soil sample collection with solid-stem augering devices, devices (Practice D1452/D1452M), or collection of grab samples or
hand-carved block samples (D7015/D7015M) from accessible excavations. Refer to Appendix X1.2 for guidance on these topics.
This guide should be used in conjunction with Guide additional guidance on use of soil D4700 when thin-walled, split barrel,
ring-lined barrel and piston samplers with solid- and hollow-stem augers are used in the unsaturated zone.and rock sampling
devices for both environmental and geotechnical applications.
1.5 This guide does not address devices for collecting cores from submerged sediments or other sampling devices for solid wastes.
Refer to GuideGuides D4823 for guidanceand D6232 onfor these topics.materials.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system aremay not necessarilybe exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, andother. Combining values from the two systems shall not be combined.may result in
non-conformance with the standard.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2021. Published August 2013December 2021. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20052013
as D6169 – 98 (2005). 13. DOI: 10.1520/D6169_D6169M-13.10.1520/D6169_D6169M-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6169/D6169M − 21
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or series of options and does not recommend a specific course of
action. This document cannot replace education and experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. The
word “Standard” in the title of this document means that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the r
...
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