ASTM D6286/D6286M-20
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Drilling and Direct Push Methods for Geotechnical and Environmental Subsurface Site Characterization
Standard Guide for Selection of Drilling and Direct Push Methods for Geotechnical and Environmental Subsurface Site Characterization
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The 1998 edition of this standard was written solely for selection of drilling methods for environmental applications and specifically for installation of groundwater monitoring wells. The second revision was made to include geotechnical applications since many of the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations discussed extensively throughout this document also apply to geotechnical design use such as data collection (sampling and in-situ testing) for construction design and instrumentation. Besides installation of monitoring wells (D5092/D5092M, D6724/D6724M), Environmental investigations are also made for sampling, in-situ testing, and installation of aquifer testing boreholes (D4044/D4044M, D4050).
4.2 There are other guides for geotechnical investigations addressing drilling methods such as in Eurocode (1, 2)5, U.S. Federal Highway Administration, (3, 4), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, (5), and U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (6, 7). An authoritative Handbook on Environmental Site Characterization and Ground-Water Monitoring was compiled by Nielsen (8) which addresses drilling methods in detail including the advent of Direct Push methods developed for environmental investigations. Two other major drilling guides have been written by the National Drilling Association (9) and from the Australia Drilling Industry Training Committee (10) and these guides are user for the drillers.
4.3 Table 1 lists sixteen classes of methods addressed in this guide. The selection of particular method(s) for drilling/push boring requires that specific characteristics of each site be considered. This guide is intended to make the user aware of some of the various drilling/push boring methods available and the applications, advantages, and disadvantages of each with respect to determining geotechnical and environmental exploration. (A) Actual achievable drilled depths will vary depending on the ambient geohydrologic conditions existing at the site and size of drilling/push boring e...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides descriptions of various methods for site characterization along with advantages and disadvantages associated with each method discussed. This guide is intended to aid in the selection of drilling method(s) for geotechnical and environmental soil and rock borings for sampling, testing, and installation of wells, or other instrumentation. It does not address drilling for foundation improvement, drinking water wells, or special horizontal drilling techniques for utilities.
1.2 This guide cannot address all possible subsurface conditions that may occur such as, geologic, topographic, climatic, or anthropogenic. Site evaluation for engineering, design, and construction purposes is addressed in Guide D420. Soil and rock sampling in drill holes is addressed in Guide D6169/D6169M. Pertinent guides and practices addressing specific drilling methods, equipment, and procedures are listed in Section 2. Guide D5730 provides information on most all aspects of environmental site characterization.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (given in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address all methods and the issues associated with drilling for geotechnical and environmental purposes. Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be most successful for their site investigation. Other methods may be available for these methods and qualified professionals should have flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this guide. The guide is current at the time of issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior ...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6286/D6286M − 20
Standard Guide for
Selection of Drilling and Direct Push Methods for
Geotechnical and Environmental Subsurface Site
1
Characterization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6286/D6286M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this guide.
The guide is current at the time of issue, but new alternative
1.1 This guide provides descriptions of various methods for
methods may become available prior to revisions. Therefore,
site characterization along with advantages and disadvantages
users should consult with manufacturers or producers prior to
associated with each method discussed. This guide is intended
specifying program requirements.
to aid in the selection of drilling method(s) for geotechnical
and environmental soil and rock borings for sampling, testing, 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and installation of wells, or other instrumentation. It does not safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
address drilling for foundation improvement, drinking water responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
wells, or special horizontal drilling techniques for utilities. priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 This guide cannot address all possible subsurface con-
1.5.1 Drilling operators generally are required to be trained
ditionsthatmayoccursuchas,geologic,topographic,climatic,
for safety requirements such as those of construction and
or anthropogenic. Site evaluation for engineering, design, and
environmental occupational safety programs dictated by
construction purposes is addressed in Guide D420. Soil and
country, regional, or local requirements such as the US. OSHA
rock sampling in drill holes is addressed in Guide D6169/
training programs. Drilling safety programs are also available
D6169M. Pertinent guides and practices addressing specific
from the National DrillingAssociation (NDA4U.com) or other
drilling methods, equipment, and procedures are listed in
2
country drilling associations.
Section 2. Guide D5730 provides information on most all
aspects of environmental site characterization. 1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
course of action. This document cannot replace education and
(given in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard.
experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
formance with the standard.
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
1.4 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
all methods and the issues associated with drilling for geotech-
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
nical and environmental purposes. Users should seek qualified
document means only that the document has been approved
professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and
through the ASTM consensus process.
methods that would be most successful for their site investi-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
gation. Other methods may be available for these methods and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
qualified professionals should have flexibility to exercise
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilandRock mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally
2
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D6286 – 19. DOI:
“Drilling Safety Guide,” National Drilling Feder
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6286 − 19 D6286/D6286M − 20
Standard Guide for
Selection of Drilling and Direct Push Methods for
Geotechnical and Environmental Subsurface Site
1
Characterization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6286;D6286/D6286M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide provides descriptions of various methods for site characterization along with advantages and disadvantages
associated with each method discussed. This guide is intended to aid in the selection of drilling method(s) for geotechnical and
environmental soil and rock borings for sampling, testing, and installation of wells, or other instrumentation. It does not address
drilling for foundation improvement, drinking water wells, or special horizontal drilling techniques for utilities.
1.2 This guide cannot address all possible subsurface conditions that may occur such as, geologic, topographic, climatic, or
anthropogenic. Site evaluation for engineering, design, and construction purposes is addressed in Guide D420. Soil and rock
sampling in drill holes is addressed in Guide D6169D6169/D6169M. Pertinent guides and practices addressing specific drilling
methods, equipment, and procedures are listed in Section 2. Guide D5730 provides information on most all aspects of
environmental site characterization.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (given in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address all methods and the issues associated with drilling for geotechnical
and environmental purposes. Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that
would be most successful for their site investigation. Other methods may be available for these methods and qualified professionals
should have flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this guide. The guide is current at the time
of issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior to revisions. Therefore, users should consult with manufacturers
or producers prior to specifying program requirements.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5.1 Drilling operators generally are required to be trained for safety requirements such as those of construction and
environmental occupational safety programs dictated by country, regional, or local requirements such as the US. OSHA training
programs. Drilling safety programs are also available from the National Drilling Association (NDA4U.com) or other country
2
drilling associations.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education and experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2
...
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