ASTM D3601-88(2002)e1

Standard Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle Test)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the increase in volume of a low-viscosity aqueous liquid (less than 3 cSt at 40°C) due to its tendency to foam under low shear conditions.
Note 1—Foam under high shear is covered by Test Method D 3519 which uses a commercial blender.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 7.13.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Oct-1988
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.01 - Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3601-88(1997) - Standard Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle Test)
• Effective Date: 31-Oct-1988
• Replaced By: ASTM D3601-88(2007) - Standard Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle Test) (Withdrawn 2013)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D6361/D6361M-98(2020) - Standard Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes
• Effective Date: 31-Oct-1988
• Referred By: ASTM E2275-19 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluid Bioresistance and Antimicrobial Pesticide Performance
• Effective Date: 31-Oct-1988
• Referred By: ASTM E3265-21 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluid Foaming Tendency
• Effective Date: 31-Oct-1988
• Referred By: ASTM D8179-18 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Detergents for the Cleaning of Clinically-used Medical Devices
• Effective Date: 31-Oct-1988
• Referred By: ASTM E2148-21 - Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
• Effective Date: 31-Oct-1988
• Referred By: ASTM D6666-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Aqueous Polymer Quenchants
• Effective Date: 31-Oct-1988

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D3601–88(Reapproved2002)
Standard Test Method for
Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Warning notes were placed in the text editorially in May 2002.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementoftheincrease
in volume of a low-viscosity aqueous liquid (less than 3 cSt at
40°C) due to its tendency to foam under low shear conditions.
NOTE 1—Foam under high shear is covered by Test Method D 3519
which uses a commercial blender.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only.
FIG. 1 Boston Round Bottle.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
working coolant to produce foam under low shear conditions.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
No correlation with changes in heat transfer, pumpability, or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety
other factors affected by foam is intended. The foam generated
information, see 7.13.
by any given industrial process depends on the method by
2. Referenced Documents
which the foam is generated and may not be directly propor-
tional to that produced by this controlled laboratory test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1126 Test Method for Hardness in Water method. Further, the foam generated at the specified test
temperature will not necessarily predict the foaming tendency
D 3519 Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Blender
Test) of the liquid (that is, metalworking coolant) at some other use
temperature.
3. Summary of Test Method
5. Apparatus
3.1 The increase in volume is determined by the increase in
total height of the test fluid, including foam, after vigorous 5.1 Water Bath, constant-temperature, suitable to hold sev-
shaking of the emulsion at 25 6 1°C (77 6 1.8°F). eral bottled emulsions at 25 6 1°C (77 6 1.8°F) for 1 to 2 h.
NOTE 2—Water that is normally used to reduce the concentrate to a NOTE 3—A common household dishpan is satisfactory when the test
working consistency can be used. However, if this type of water is not temperature is close to room temperature.
desirable or available, two other types of water may be used to prepare the
5.2 Stop Watch or Timer, capable of measuring 5 min 6 0.2
test liquid: (1) distilled water or (2) distilled water with a subsequent
s.
seeding of the test liquid with synthetic hard water.
5.3 Bottles, clean or new, clear glass, 16-oz (narrow mouth),
4. Significance and Use
with screw neck. The 16-oz bottle is 6 ⁄64 in. (169 mm) tall
and has a maximum diameter of 2 ⁄32 in. (75 mm).The outside
4.1 The results obtained by this test method are useful as
neck is ⁄32 in. (7.1 mm) and the shoulder radius is 1 in. (25.4
guides in determining the tendency of a water-based metal-
mm).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 16-oz Round Packer, Brockway Glass Co., Mold No. 1094 or 16-oz Boston
D02.LO.01 Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants. Round, as shown in Fig. 1 is suitable for this purpose. Bottle takes Cap No. 28.
Current edition approved Oct. 31, 1988. Published January 1989. Standard Glass Container Series No. 80 specifies approximate weight of glass, etc.,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. on drawing No. C-8010 obtainable from Glass Container Manufacturers’ Institute
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Inc., 330 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10017.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3601
FIG. 2 Suggested Test Form for Recording Data.
F Millimetres Maximum Foam=M–I
m,
Sample Number
1 2 3 4 56 78 9 10 11 12
A A A
6 x 30 35 20 10 65 65 65 560 20 15 15
A A A
x 30 40 20 10 65 65 65 10 65 20 10 10
7 x 39 49 20 20 101 101 101 21 101 11 10 10
x 48 48 19 19 100 100 101 12 101 14 20 10
F , Millimetres Residual Foam= R= l
r
6 x 00 0 0 0 0 45 0 55 5 0 0
x 00 0 0 0 0 45 0 66 5 5 0
7 x 0 0 0 0 0 0 101 0 101 7 4 10
x 0 0 0 0 0 0 101 0 101 8 3 4
T, Time to Defoam to 10-mm Net Foam Level, min
B
6 x 0.5 0.5 0.25 0 2.0 2.5 5+ 0 5+ 1.0 0 0
B B
x 0.25 0.5 0.25 0 1.5 3.0 5+ 0 5+ 1.25 0 0
B B B B B B B
7 x 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.5 2.0 5+ 0.25 5+ 0.25 0.25 1.0
B B B B B B B B
x 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.5 2.0 5+ 0.25 5+ 0.25 0.25 0.25
A
Maximum foam possible in bottle.
B
Request was for nearest 0.5 min. Where <0.5 min is shown, it was recorded as 0.25 min. x and x are duplicate test results.
1 2
Sample Descriptions
Sample 1 L-1-3A in distilled water − 10 % butyl CellosolveT (trademark of Union Carbide)
3 L-1-3B in distilled water − 10 % butyl CarbitolT (trademark of Union Carbide)
5 L-1-3C in distilled water − Sample 3 plus nonionic ether
7 L-1-3D in distilled water − 5 % commercial long oil soluble coolant
9 L-1-3E in distilled water − 3 % commercial synthetic coolant
11 L-1-3F in distilled water − 3 % commercial synthetic plus defoamer
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 − Same in hard water, respectively
FIG. 3 Sample Data (Bottle Method).
5.4 Syringe or Transfer Pipet. 7. Procedure
5.5 Rule, millimetre, at least 150 mm in length.
7.1 Fixalabelorothermeansofmarkingtotalheightstothe
outside of the bottle.
6. Materials
NOTE 4—Waterproof medical adhesive tape makes satisfactory water-
6.1 Distilled Water.
proof labels, which readily take pencil marks.
6.2 Hard Water, 20 000 ppm prepared by dissolving 29.4 g
7.2 Using the manufacturer’s recommended procedure, pre-
of reagent grade (ACS standard) CaCl ·2H O in 1 litre of
2 2
pare 200 ml of emulsion at the recommended concentration
freshly boiled distilled w
...