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ASTM E100-05

(Specification)

Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers

Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers

ABSTRACT
This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM test methods in which they are used. Hydrometers shall be of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type. Hydrometers shall be made of glass, except for the scale, ballasting material, and the thermometric liquid of thermohydrometers. Material used for ballast shall be secured to the lower part of the body, and no loose material of any sort may be inside a hydrometer. The stem shall be uniform in cross section, with no perceptible irregularities. The preferred shapes for the bodies of hydrometers are presented. Graduation lines and inscriptions shall be in a permanent black marking material, such as India ink. All hydrometers shall be graduated to read correctly where the plane of the level liquid surface intersects the stem. The thermometer shall be of the mercury-in-glass type, unless otherwise specified. Hydrometers shall be inspected, tested, and standardized in accordance with the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM Test Methods in which they are used.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
Technical Committee
E20 - Temperature Measurement
Drafting Committee
E20.05 - Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E100-03 - Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM E100-10 - Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM E126-19 - Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E223-23e1 - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Sulfuric Acid
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM F1321-21 - Standard Guide for Conducting a Stability Test (Lightweight Survey and Inclining Experiment) to Determine the Light Ship Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a Vessel
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7928-21e1 - Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1298-12b(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2995-15a(2020) - Standard Specification for ASTM Thermohydrometers with Integral Low-Hazard Thermometers
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM C88/C88M-18 - Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D891-18 - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1122-22 - Standard Test Method for Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Engine Coolants By The Hydrometer
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM E344-20 - Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM C494/C494M-19e1 - Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1657-22e1 - Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4371/D4371M-06(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Washability Characteristics of Coal
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM E100-05 - Standard Specification for ASTM HydrometersASTM E100-05 - Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
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ASTM E100-05 - Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E100 – 05
Standard Specification for
1
ASTM Hydrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E100; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.2.3 total length, n—overall length of the finished hydrom-
eter.
1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of various
scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM Test
4. Specifications
Methods in which they are used.
4.1 Individual hydrometers shall conform to the detailed
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specifications in Table 1 and to the general requirements
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specified in Sections 5-15.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NOTE 1—Changes in this specification may be made from time to time
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. which do not affect the basic characteristics of the hydrometers. Hydrom-
eters manufactured prior to the adoption of the specifications will retain
2. Referenced Documents
the same official status as those meeting current specifications.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Type
D287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
5.1 Hydrometers shall be of the constant-mass, variable-
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
displacement type. Hydrometers shall be made of glass, except
D1250 GuideforUseofthePetroleumMeasurementTables
for the scale, ballasting material, and the thermometric liquid
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
of thermohydrometers.
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
5.2 The outer surface of the stem and body shall be
mometers
symmetrical about the vertical axis. There shall be no uneven
E126 Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verifica-
or unnecessary thickening of the walls, and no abrupt changes
tion of ASTM Hydrometers
or constrictions that would hinder thorough cleaning or tend to
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
trap air bubbles when the instrument is immersed.
etry
5.3 The hydrometer shall always float with its axis vertical.
3. Terminology 5.4 The hydrometer shall be thoroughly dry on the inside
when sealed. The top of the stem shall be neatly rounded
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology
without unnecessary thickening.
E344 apply.
5.5 The glass shall be smooth, transparent, and free of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bubbles, striae, or other imperfections that might interfere with
3.2.1 length of the scale, n—length of the nominal range in
the use of the hydrometer. The glass shall adequately resist the
thestem,notincludinggraduationsextendingaboveandbelow
reaction of chemical agents to which hydrometers may be
the nominal limits.
exposed, and also shall have suitable thermal properties to
3.2.2 top of the hydrometer, n— top of the finished instru-
permit its use over the range of temperatures to which it may
ment.
be subjected. In general, glasses suitable for constructing the
bulbs of thermometers are satisfactory for hydrometers.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on
5.6 The API hydrometers are intended to be used in con-
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05
junction with Test Method D287, hydrometer readings being
on Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.
corrected using Guide D1250, IP 200. Therefore, these hy-
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E100 – 03. DOI:
drometersshallbemadeofglasshavingacubicalcoefficientof
10.1520/E0100-05.
expansion of approximately 0.000023/1°C or 0.0000128/1°F
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
15.56°C (60°F).
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E100 – 05
6. Body may be anchored by a design which prevents it from moving;
otherwise it shall be fixed in place with a cement that will not
6.1 The preferred shapes for the bodies of hydrometers are
soften below 105°C (221°F) and will not deteriorate with time.
shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
The paper shall show no evidence of s
...

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This specification is applicable to glass thermohydrometers of various scale graduation systems, intended for use in a variety of ASTM Test Methods. The thermohydrometers covered by this specification have larger maximum permissible scale errors than do their Hg-filled counterparts. It is up to the user to decide if these thermohydrometers are appropriate for use in his or her application. This specification establishes requirements for thermohydrometers with respect to type, body, ballast, stem, scale, markings, calibration and verification, packaging, and inspection procedures.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM test methods in which they are used. Hydrometers shall be of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type. Hydrometers shall be made of glass, except for the scale, ballasting material, and the thermometric liquid of thermohydrometers. Material used for ballast shall be secured to the lower part of the body, and no loose material of any sort may be inside a hydrometer. The stem shall be uniform in cross section, with no perceptible irregularities. The preferred shapes for the bodies of hydrometers are presented. Graduation lines and inscriptions shall be in a permanent black marking material, such as India ink. All hydrometers shall be graduated to read correctly where the plane of the level liquid surface intersects the stem. The thermometer shall be of the mercury-in-glass type, unless otherwise specified. Hydrometers shall be inspected, tested, and standardized in accordance with the requirements prescribed.
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Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this test method is to establish a common method by which manufacturers, calibration laboratories, and users of hydrometers may inspect, verify, or calibrate them.  
4.2 The goal is to provide a standard method that is simple, easily understood, and will produce reliable results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the principles, apparatus, and procedures for the inspection, calibration, and verification of ASTM glass hydrometers. This test method is applicable to ASTM hydrometers and may be used for other general hydrometers of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.
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1.1 This test method measures the change in mass of a rolled erosion control product when specimens are submerged in water for a prescribed period of time. The change in mass is reported as a percentage of the original dry mass of the specimen.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
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This test method covers the procedures for determining the viscosity of transparent liquids by bubble time method. The transparent liquids should be free from crystalline or gel particles. Test apparatus include a constant-temperature bath, standard viscosity tubes, a series of standard viscosity tubes as reference standards, timing device, tube racks, and viscosity tube corks.
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Standard Test Method for Relative Extensional Viscosity of Agricultural Spray Tank Mixes

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4.1 Extensional viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a liquid to stretching forces, such as those occurring during the disruption of liquid films and the formation of sprays used in agriculture and other purposes including painting operations or metal working. This method for measurement of a Screen Factor, gives a relative value for extensional viscosity, which may be used:  
4.1.1 To compare the potential for drift control of different polymers.  
4.1.2 To compare the relative extensional viscosity component of different spray tank mixtures.  
4.1.3 To determine the extent of breakdown of polymer solutions used as drift control additives during the recirculation of the solutions through pumps and screens.  
4.1.4 To use as a parameter in the Spray Drift Task Force Models for droplet size prediction.  
4.2 It should also be noted that many drift control polymers are irreversibly destroyed during the recirculation of spray mixes by pumping with high shear pumps such as gear or centrifugal pumps. It is advisable to subject the test mixture to similar pumping regimes to simulate practical conditions before carrying out the extensional viscosity test. Measurements of extensional viscosity are the only presently known method of determining the extent of this breakdown properties of dilute polymer solutions.  
4.3 This method is intended to produce a relative value for extensional viscosity. The purpose of the method is to compare the extensional viscosity produced by different polymer types or concentrations of polymer in spray tank mixes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative extensional viscosity or Screen Factor (SF) of dilute agricultural spray mixes.  
1.2 The test can be used for tank mixes containing dissolved, emulsified or dispersed materials, or mixtures.  
1.3 Results may be affected by the quality of the water used. Make-up water quality should therefore be specified in the presentation of results.  
1.4 Proper safety and hygiene precautions must be taken when working with pesticide formulations to prevent skin or eye contact, vapor inhalation, and environmental contamination. Read and follow all handling instructions for the specific formulation and conduct the test in accordance with good laboratory practice.
Note 1: References to the development of extensional viscosity from dissolved polymers, extensional viscosity effects on the droplet size distribution of sprays, and measurements of screen factor on recirculated spray mixes containing polymers are available.2,3  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.4 This test method may be used for specification or regulatory compliance purposes.
SCOPE
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1.2 Validation of apparatus performance and analytical methods is requested or required for quality initiatives or where results may be used for legal purposes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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