ASTM C1451-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining Variability of Concrete-Making Materials From a Single Source
Standard Practice for Determining Variability of Concrete-Making Materials From a Single Source
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a systematic procedure for sampling and determining the variability of user-selected properties of concrete-making materials. Results derived from application of the practice are generally intended for information only and are not requirements of any existing ASTM specification on concrete or concrete-making materials. A concrete materials specification may make reference to this practice as a means of obtaining variability information, but needs to define the properties to be measured and the lot size and sample unit to be used. This practice is applicable to both producers and consumers of concrete-making materials, although details of application of the practice may vary, depending on the intended purpose of the user of this practice.
4.2 The procedure is applicable to any quantitative property of any concrete-making material that can be measured by a standard test method. The procedure is based on grab samples, which will tend to show the maximum amount of variation of the material being evaluated. The procedure is useful if grab samples are obtained from sampling units that are being delivered to the user of a material and better represents the variability of the material used in concrete production than tests performed on the material for specification compliance that are documented on a mill test report or material certification. The procedure was developed for application to materials from a single source, but it can be applied to a materials delivery stream from more than one source, depending on the purposes of the user of the practice. Variations among test results on separate samples within a lot are corrected for testing error, therefore giving an estimate of the variability of the selected material property. The variability of the selected material property provides the user with one indicator of the source variation of the concrete-making material.
4.3 Although variability in properties of concrete-making materials can...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the variability of concrete-making materials from a single source by measuring a characteristic property of the material. It includes recommendations on sampling, testing, analysis of data, and reporting.
1.2 The system of units for this practice is not specified. Units used in examples of calculation methods are for illustration purposes. The calculation methods described in this practice can be used with either SI or inch-pound units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1451 − 18
Standard Practice for
Determining Variability of Concrete-Making Materials From a
1
Single Source
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1451; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C917/C917M Test Method for Evaluation of Variability of
Cement from a Single Source Based on Strength
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
variability of concrete-making materials from a single source
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-
by measuring a characteristic property of the material. It
terials
includes recommendations on sampling, testing, analysis of
data, and reporting.
3. Terminology
1.2 The system of units for this practice is not specified.
3.1 Definitions:
Units used in examples of calculation methods are for illustra-
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtothispracticereferto
tion purposes. The calculation methods described in this
Terminology C125 and Terminology C219.
practice can be used with either SI or inch-pound units.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 grab sample, n—a specified quantity of material ob-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tained in a single operation from a sampling unit.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The goal of procuring a grab sample is
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
to obtain a small portion of material that is representative of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
that in the sampling unit.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.2 lot, n—a user-defined quantity, representing the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
amount of material for which variability information is to be
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
determined.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The minimum lot size is defined by a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
userandcanbethetotalamountofmaterialinaproductionrun
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
where manufacturing conditions are unchanged or as the
amount of material produced over a given interval of time.
2. Referenced Documents
2
3.2.3 sampling unit, n—amount of material from which a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
grab sample is taken.
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Generally a lot is subdivided into sam-
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
pling units, and then sampling units are chosen at random for
Specimens)
taking of grab samples. The size of the sampling unit is
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
user-defined, depending on the purposes of the evaluation. The
gregates
sampling unit is often the amount of material in a single
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
conveyance to the concrete producer, such as a delivery truck,
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
rail-car, or barge. The term sublot is sometimes used as an
Concrete
alternative for sampling unit.
4. Significance and Use
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
andConcreteAggregatesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC09.94on
4.1 This practice provides a systematic procedure for sam-
Evaluation of Data (Joint C09 and C01).
pling and determining the variability of user-selected proper-
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally
ties of concrete-making materials. Results derived from appli-
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1451–11. DOI:
10.1520/C1451-18.
cation of the practice are generally intended for information
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
only and are not requirements of any existing ASTM specifi-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
cation on concrete or concrete-making materials. A concrete
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. materials specification may make reference to this practice as
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1451 − 11 C1451 − 18
Standard Practice for
Determining Variability of Ingredients of Concrete Concrete-
1
Making Materials From a Single Source
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1451; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the variability of properties of concrete concrete-making materials from
a single source. source by measuring a characteristic property of the material. It includes recommendations on sampling, testing,
analysis of data, and reporting.
1.2 The system of units for this practice is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only as illustrations
Units used in examples of calculation methods that are applicable independent of the system of are for illustration purposes. The
calculation methods described in this practice can be used with either SI or inch-pound units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C917C917/C917M Test Method for Evaluation of Variability of Cement from a Single Source Based on Strength
D75D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to this practice refer to Terminology C125 and Terminology C219.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 grab sample, n—a specified quantity of material obtained in a single operation from a sampling unit.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
The goal of procuring a grab sample is to obtain a small portion of material that is characteristicrepresentative of that in the
sampling unit.
3.2.2 lot, n—a user-defined quantity, typically representing anythe amount of material for which variability information is to be
calculated.determined.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.94 on
Evaluation of Data (Joint C09 and C01).
Current edition approved July 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2018. Published August 2011February 2018. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
C1451–05.–11. DOI: 10.1520/C1451-11.10.1520/C1451-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1451 − 18
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The minimum lot size is generally the amount of material in a single conveyance, such as a truck load, a rail-car load, or a barge
load. At the other extreme, a lot might be defined by a user as and can be the total amount of material used in a single construction
or by a supplier in a production run where manufacturing conditions are unchanged or as the amount of material produced over
a given interval of time.
3.2.3 sampling unit, n—amount of material from which a grab sample is taken.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
Generally a lot is subdivided into sampling units, and then sampling units are chosen at random for taking of grab samples. The
size of the samplin
...
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