ASTM C1451-11

Standard Practice for Determining Uniformity of Ingredients of Concrete From a Single Source

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a systematic procedure for sampling and determining the variability of user-selected properties of ingredients of concrete. Results derived from application of the practice are generally intended for information only and are not requirements of any existing ASTM specification on concrete or concrete materials. A concrete materials specification may make reference to this practice as a means of obtaining variability information, but needs to define the properties to be measured and the lot size and sample unit to be used. The practice is applicable to both producers of concrete materials and to consumers of concrete materials, although details of application of the practice may vary, depending on the intended purpose of the user of the practice.
The procedure is applicable to any quantitative property of any concrete ingredient that can be measured by a standard test method. The procedure is based on grab samples, which will tend to show the maximum amount of variation in the selected material property. The procedure is useful if grab samples are obtained from sampling units that are being delivered to the user of a material and better represents the variability of the material used in concrete production compared with testing on the material for specification compliance. The procedure was developed for application to materials from a single source, but it can be applied to a materials delivery stream from more than one source, depending on the purposes of the user of the practice. Variations among test results are corrected for testing error, therefore giving an estimate of the variability of the selected material property. The variability of the selected material property provides the user with one indicator of the source variation of the concrete ingredient.
Although variability in properties of concrete materials can be a significant cause of variability in concrete properties, this practice does not purport to give information on this ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the variability of properties of concrete materials from a single source. It includes recommendations on sampling, testing, analysis of data, and reporting.
1.2 The system of units for this practice is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only as illustrations of calculation methods that are applicable independent of the system of units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2011
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.94 - Evaluation of Data (Joint C09 and C01)

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1451-05 - Standard Practice for Determining Uniformity of Ingredients of Concrete From a Single Source
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM C1451-18 - Standard Practice for Determining Variability of Concrete-Making Materials From a Single Source
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Referred By: ASTM C917/C917M-18 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Variability of Cement from a Single Source Based on Strength
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1451 − 11
Standard Practice for
Determining Variability of Ingredients of Concrete From a
1
Single Source
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1451; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtothispracticereferto
Terminology C125 and Terminology C219.
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the
variability of properties of concrete materials from a single 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
source. It includes recommendations on sampling, testing,
3.2.1 grab sample, n—a specified quantity of material ob-
analysis of data, and reporting. tained in a single operation from a sampling unit.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The goal of procuring a grab sample is
1.2 The system of units for this practice is not specified.
toobtainasmallportionofmaterialthatischaracteristicofthat
Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only as
in the sampling unit.
illustrations of calculation methods that are applicable inde-
pendent of the system of units. 3.2.2 lot, n—a user-defined quantity, typically representing
any amount of material for which variability information is to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
be calculated.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The minimum lot size is generally the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
amount of material in a single conveyance, such as a truck
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
load, a rail-car load, or a barge load.At the other extreme, a lot
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
might be defined by a user as the total amount of material used
2. Referenced Documents
in a single construction or by a supplier as the amount of
2
material produced over a given interval of time.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
3.2.3 sampling unit, n—amount of material from which a
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
grab sample is taken.
Specimens)
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Generally a lot is subdivided into sam-
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
pling units, and then sampling units are chosen at random for
gregates
taking of grab samples. The size of the sampling unit is
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
user-defined, depending on the purposes of the evaluation. The
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
term sub lot is sometimes used to define this concept.
Concrete
C917 Test Method for Evaluation of Cement Strength Uni-
4. Significance and Use
formity From a Single Source
4.1 This practice provides a systematic procedure for sam-
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
pling and determining the variability of user-selected proper-
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-
ties of ingredients of concrete. Results derived from applica-
terials
tion of the practice are generally intended for information only
3. Terminology
and are not requirements of any existing ASTM specification
on concrete or concrete materials. A concrete materials speci-
3.1 Definitions:
fication may make reference to this practice as a means of
obtaining variability information, but needs to define the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
propertiestobemeasuredandthelotsizeandsampleunittobe
and ConcreteAggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.94 on
Evaluation of Data (Joint C09 and C01).
used. The practice is applicable to both producers of concrete
Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally
materials and to consumers of concrete materials, although
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1451–05. DOI:
details of application of the practice may vary, depending on
10.1520/C1451-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or the intended purpose of the user of the practice.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 The procedure is applicable to any quantitative property
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. of any concrete ingredient that can be measured by a standard
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1451 − 11
test method. The procedure is based on grab s
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1451–05 Designation:C1451–11
Standard Practice for
Determining UniformityVariability of Ingredients of Concrete
1
From a Single Source
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1451; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This practice covers a procedure for determining the uniformity of properties of concrete materials from a single source. It
includes recommendations on sampling, testing, analysis of data, and reporting.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. *
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the variability of properties of concrete materials from a single source. It
includes recommendations on sampling, testing, analysis of data, and reporting.
1.2 Thesystemofunitsforthispracticeisnotspecified.Dimensionalquantitiesinthepracticearepresentedonlyasillustrations
of calculation methods that are applicable independent of the system of units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement C294Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete C638Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of
Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete
C917 Test Method for Evaluation of Cement Strength Uniformity From a Single Source
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
2.2 Other Document
MNL 7 (STP 150)Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis, 6th edition
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to this practice refer to Terminology C125 , Terminology and Terminology C219,
Descriptive Nomenclature C294, and Descriptive Nomenclature C638.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 lotgrab sample, n—a user-defined quantity, typically representing any amount of material for which uniformity
information is to be calculated. —a specified quantity of material obtained in a single operation from a sampling unit.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The minimum lot size is generally the amount of material in a single conveyance, such as a truck load, a
rail-car load, or a barge load.At the other extreme, a lot might be defined by a user as the total amount of material used in a single
construction or by a supplier as the amount of material produced over a given interval of time. —The goal of procuring a grab
sample is to obtain a small portion of material that is characteristic of that in the sampling unit.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.94 on
Evaluation of Data.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C1451–99. DOI:
10.1520/C1451-05.on Evaluation of Data (Joint C09 and C01).
Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1451–05. DOI:
10.1520/C1451-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C1451–11
3.2.2 lot, n—a user-defined quantity, typically representing any amount of material for which variability information is to be
calculated.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The minimum lot size is generally the amount of material in a single conveyance, such as a truck
...