ASTM E2309/E2309M-05(2011)e1
(Practice)Standard Practices for Verification of Displacement Measuring Systems and Devices Used in Material Testing Machines
Standard Practices for Verification of Displacement Measuring Systems and Devices Used in Material Testing Machines
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Testing machines that apply and measure displacement are used in many industries. They may be used in research laboratories to determine material properties, and in production lines to qualify products for shipment. The displacement measuring devices integral to the testing machines may be used for measurement of crosshead or actuator displacement over a defined range of operation. The accuracy of the displacement value shall be traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or another recognized National Laboratory. Practices E2309 provides a procedure to verify these machines and systems, in order that the measured displacement values may be traceable. A key element to having traceability is that the devices used in the verification produce known displacement characteristics, and have been calibrated in accordance with adequate calibration standards.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover procedures and requirements for the calibration and verification of displacement measuring systems by means of standard calibration devices for static and quasi-static testing machines. This practice is not intended to be complete purchase specifications for testing machines or displacement measuring systems. Displacement measuring systems are not intended to be used for the determination of strain. See Practice E83.
1.2 These procedures apply to the verification of the displacement measuring systems associated with the testing machine, such as a scale, dial, marked or unmarked recorder chart, digital display, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user must designate the displacement-measuring system(s) to be verified.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 Displacement values indicated on displays/printouts of testing machine data systemsbe they instantaneous, delayed, stored, or retransmittedwhich are within the Classification criteria listed in Table 1, comply with Practices E2309/E2309M.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation:E2309/E2309M −05(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practices for
Verification of Displacement Measuring Systems and
Devices Used in Material Testing Machines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2309/E2309M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—The units statement (1.3) and the designation were editorially revised in January 2011.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These practices cover procedures and requirements for
E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
the calibration and verification of displacement measuring
someter Systems
systemsbymeansofstandardcalibrationdevicesforstaticand
quasi-static testing machines. This practice is not intended to
3. Terminology
be complete purchase specifications for testing machines or
displacement measuring systems. Displacement measuring
3.1 Definitions:
systems are not intended to be used for the determination of 3.1.1 accuracy, n—degree of conformity of a measure to a
strain. See Practice E83.
standard.
3.1.2 error, n—the amount of deviation from a standard.
1.2 These procedures apply to the verification of the dis-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The word “error” shall be used with
placement measuring systems associated with the testing
numericalvalues,forexample,“Atadisplacementof+1.00in.,
machine, such as a scale, dial, marked or unmarked recorder
the error of the displacement measuring system was +0.001
chart, digital display, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user
in.”
must designate the displacement-measuring system(s) to be
3.1.3 tolerance, n—theallowabledeviationfromastandard.
verified.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.2.1 calibration, n—in the case of displacement measuring
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
systems used with testing machines, the process of comparing
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
thedisplacementindicationofthemachineorsystemundertest
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
to that of a standard, making adjustments as needed to meet
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
error requirements.
with the standard.
3.2.2 capacity range, n—inthecaseoftestingmachines,the
1.4 Displacement values indicated on displays/printouts of
range of displacement for which it is designed. Some testing
testing machine data systems—be they instantaneous, delayed,
machines have more than one capacity range, that is, multiple
stored, or retransmitted—which are within the Classification
ranges.
criteria listed in Table 1, comply with Practices E2309/
3.2.3 correction, n—in the case of a testing machine, the
E2309M.
difference obtained by subtracting the measured displacement
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
from the correct value of the applied displacement.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.4 displacement, n—a movement or measurement of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
length expressed in terms of millimeters, inches, etc.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.5 displacement measuring system, n—a device or set of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
devicescomprisedofadisplacementtransducerandassociated
instrumentation.
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on
Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2011. Published January 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
published in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E2309-05. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2309-05R11E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2309/E2309M−05 (2011)
TABLE 1 Classification of Displacement Measuring Systems
Resolution not to Exceed the Greater of: Error not to Exceed the Greater of:
Classification
Relative Error
Fixed Error, mm [in.] % of Reading Fixed Error, mm [in.]
(% of Displacement)
Class A 0.013 [0.0005] ±0.25 ±0.025 [0.001] ±0.5
Class B 0.038 [0.0015] ±0.5 ±0.075 [0.003] ±1.0
Class C 0.064 [0.0025] ±1.0 ±0.125 [0.005] ±2.0
Class D 0.13 [0.005] ±1.5 ±0.25 [0.010] ±3.0
3.2.6 lower limit of verification range, n—the lowest value tionsofmeasurement.Itisexpressedaspercentageofthemean
ofdisplacementatwhichadisplacementmeasuringsystemcan indicated output for the same applied displacement on two
be verified. successive calibrations for the given displacement.
3.2.7 percent error, n—in the case of a displacement mea- 3.2.13 relative reversibility, n—the difference between the
suring system, the ratio, expressed as a percent, of the error to
mean measured displacement obtained for a given applied
the correct value of the applied displacement. displacement applied in an increasing mode and the mean
3.2.7.1 Discussion—The measured displacement, as mea-
indicated displacement obtained for the same given displace-
sured by the testing machine, and the applied displacement, as ment applied in a decreasing mode.
computed from the readings of the verification device, shall be
3.2.14 testing machine, n—a mechanical device for apply-
recorded at each verification displacement data point. The
ing force and displacement to a specimen.
error,andthepercenterror,shallbecalculatedfromthisdataas
3.2.14.1 Discussion—The instrumentation may be either an
follows:
electrical or a mechanical device, that is, a scale or pointer
Error 5 A 2 B system.
PercentError 5 A 2 B /B 3100
@~ ! #
3.2.15 verification, n—in the case of displacement measur-
where: ing systems used with testing machines, the process of com-
paring the displacement indication of the machine or system
A = displacement measured by the machine being verified,
under test to that of a standard and reporting results, without
mm [in.], and
making adjustments.
B = correct value of the applied displacement, mm [in.], as
determined by the calibration device.
3.2.16 verification displacement, n—a displacement with
traceability derived from national standards of length with a
3.2.8 reference standard, n—a standard used to measure
specific uncertainty of measurement, which can be applied to
displacement applied by the testing machine and measured by
displacement measuring systems.
the displacement measuring system to be verified.
3.2.17 verified range of displacement, n—in the case of
3.2.9 resolution of the displacement indicator, n—smallest
testing machines, the range of measured displacement for
changeofdisplacementthatcanbeestimatedorascertainedon
which the testing machine gives results within the permissible
thedisplacementmeasuringapparatusofthetestingmachineor
variations specified.
system, at any applied displacement. Appendix X1 describes a
method for determining resolution.
4. Significance and Use
3.2.10 resolution of analog type displacement indicators
(scales, dials, recorders, etc.), n—the resolution is the smallest 4.1 Testing machines that apply and measure displacement
change in displacement indicated by a displacement of a
are used in many industries. They may be used in research
pointer,orpenline.Theresolutioniscalculatedbymultiplying laboratoriestodeterminematerialproperties,andinproduction
the displacement corresponding to one graduation by the ratio
lines to qualify products for shipment. The displacement
of the width of the pointer or pen line to the center to center
measuringdevicesintegraltothetestingmachinesmaybeused
distance between two adjacent graduation marks.
for measurement of crosshead or actuator displacement over a
defined range of operation. The accuracy of the displacement
3.2.11 resolution of digital type displacement indicators
value shall be traceable to the National Institute of Standards
(numeric, displays, printouts, etc.), n—the resolution is the
and Technology (NIST) or another recognized National Labo-
smallest change in displacement that can be displayed on the
ratory. Practices E2309 provides a procedure to verify these
displacement indicator, at any applied displacement. Appendix
machinesandsystems,inorderthatthemeasureddisplacement
X1 describes a method for determining resolution.
values may be traceable. A key element to having traceability
3.2.11.1 Discussion—If the displacement indication, for ei-
is that the devices used in the verification produce known
ther type of displacement indicator, fluctuates by more than
displacement characteristics, and have been calibrated in ac-
twice the resolution, as described in 3.2.9 or 3.2.10, the
cordance with adequate calibration standards.
resolution, expressed as displacement, shall be equal to one-
half the range of the fluctuation.
5. Calibration Devices
3.2.12 relative repeatability, n—the closeness of the agree-
ment between the results of successive measurements from the 5.1 Reference standards used for calibration and or verifi-
same applied displacement, carried out under the same condi- cationofdisplacementmeasuringsystemsshallhaveestimated
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E2309/E2309M−05 (2011)
measurement uncertainties. The reported uncertainty of refer- 8.2 The low limit of displacement measurement must be
ence standards must be equal to or less than ⁄3 the allowable equal to or greater than:
errorforthemeasuringsystemClassificationasshowninTable
400 times the resolution for Class A
200 times the resolution for Class B
1. The estimated measurement uncertainty of the reference
100 times the resolution for Class C
standard should have a confidence level of 95% (k = 2).
67 times the resolution for Class D
8.2.1 Where the resolution of the displacement measuring
6. System Verification
system is sufficient to allow for verification below 10% of
6.1 Displacement measuring systems shall be verified as a
displacement capacity or range, verify the displacement range
system with the displacement sensing and measuring devices
by applying at least two successive series of displacement
(see 1.2 and 1.4) in place and operating as in actual use.
values, arranged in overlapping decade groups, such that the
6.2 System verification is invalid if the displacement sens- maximum displacement value in one decade is the minimum
ing devices are removed and checked independently of the displacement value in the next higher decade. Starting with the
testing machine. selected minimal displacement value in each decade, there are
to be at least five displacement applications, in an approximate
6.3 A Practices E2309 verification consists of at least two
ratio of 1:1, 2.5:1, 5:1, 7.5:1, and 10:1, unless the maximum
verificationrunsofdisplacementcontainedinthedisplacement
displacement value is reached prior to completing all displace-
range(s) selected. See 8.1 and 8.2.
ment application ratios. Report all displacement values and
6.3.1 If the initial verification run produces values within
their percent errors.
the Practices E2309 requirements of Section 15, the data may
NOTE 1—Example: If full scale is 200 mm [8 in.] and the minimal
be used “as found” for run one of the two required for the new
resolution is 0.025 mm [0.001 mm], the minimum verified displacement
verification report.
would be 5 mm (0.025 × 200). Two decades of 20 and 200 mm could be
6.3.2 If the initial verification run produces any values
selected to cover the displacement application range. Suitable verification
test displacement values would then be approximately 5, 10, 15, 20, 50,
which are outside of the Practices E2309 requirements, the “as
100, 150, 200 mm. The largest reported error of the two sets of the test
found” data may be reported and may be used in accordance
runs is the maximum error for the displacement range.
with applicable quality control programs.
6.3.3 Calibration adjustments may be made to improve the
9. Preliminary Procedure
accuracy of the system. They shall be followed by the two
9.1 Alignment:
required verification runs, and issuance of a new verification
9.1.1 When fixturing the calibration device, it is important
report.
to minimize any misalignment. Significant errors can be
7. Application of Displacement inducedduetomisalignment.Gaugeblocksorasquaremaybe
used to ensure that the calibration device operates parallel to
7.1 In the verification of the displacement measuring
the actuator in hydraulic testing machines or perpendicular to
system, approach the displacement test value by applying the
the crosshead in electro-mechanical testing machines.
test displacement from a lower value of displacement. To
reduce the error in displacement measurement due to internal
9.2 Temperature Considerations:
backlash of the testing machine, associated fixtures and or
9.2.1 Where the displacement measuring systems are
apparatus, make sure to approach the starting zero position of
electrical, connect the displacement transducer, indicator,
the testing machine from a point less than zero and in the
interface, etc. using the appropriate cabling used in the actual
direction for which the resultant verification data will be
machine setup. Turn on power and allow the components to
acquired. This procedure shall be followed when acquiring
warm up for a period of time recommended by the manufac-
descending verification data as well. When acquiring descend-
turer.Intheabsenceofanyrecommendations,allowatleast15
ing verification data apply a displacement greater than the
min for the components to be energized.
starting point and adjust the testing machine to re-establish a
9.2.2 Position a temperature measuring device in close
starting zero position in the direction for which verification
proximity to the machine being verified. Allow the displace-
data is to be acquired.
mentmeasuringdeviceandallrelevantpartsoftheverification
equipment to reach thermal stability.
7.2 Displacement measuring systems that are used to ac-
9.2.3 Include any bias due to temperature effects in the
quire test data in both ascending and descending directions,
expandeduncertaintystatementassociatedwiththeverification
shall be verified in both directions.
displacement values if required.
8. Selection of Verification Displacement Values
10. Procedure
8.1 For any displacement range, verify the displacement
measuring sys
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E2309–05 Designation: E2309/E2309M – 05 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practices for
Verification of Displacement Measuring Systems and
Devices Used in Material Testing Machines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2309/E2309M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—The units statement (1.3) and the designation were editorially revised in January 2011.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices cover procedures and requirements for the calibration and verification of displacement measuring systems
by means of standard calibration devices for static and quasi-static testing machines. This practice is not intended to be complete
purchasespecificationsfortestingmachinesordisplacementmeasuringsystems.Displacementmeasuringsystemsarenotintended
to be used for the determination of strain. See Practice E83.
1.2 Theseproceduresapplytotheverificationofthedisplacementmeasuringsystemsassociatedwiththetestingmachine,such
as a scale, dial, marked or unmarked recorder chart, digital display, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user must designate the
displacement-measuring system(s) to be verified.
1.3Since conversion factors are not required in this practice, either SI units, or inch units, can be used as the standard.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 Displacement values indicated on displays/printouts of testing machine data systems—be they instantaneous, delayed,
stored, or retransmitted—which are within the Classification criteria listed in Table 1, comply with Practices E2309/E2309M.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 accuracy, n—degree of conformity of a measure to a standard.
3.1.2 error, n—the amount of deviation from a standard.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The word “error” shall be used with numerical values, for example, “At a displacement of +1.00 in., the
error of the displacement measuring system was +0.001 in.”
3.1.3 tolerance, n—the allowable deviation from a standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 calibration, n—in the case of displacement measuring systems used with testing machines, the process of comparing the
displacement indication of the machine or system under test to that of a standard, making adjustments as needed to meet error
requirements.
3.2.2 capacity range, n—in the case of testing machines, the range of displacement for which it is designed. Some testing
machines have more than one capacity range, that is, multiple ranges.
3.2.3 correction, n—in the case of a testing machine, the difference obtained by subtracting the measured displacement from
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on Calibration of
Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published February 2005. DOI: 10.1520/E2309-05.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2011. Published January 2011. Originally published in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E2309-05. DOI:
10.1520/E2309-05R11E01.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E2309/E2309M – 05 (2011)
TABLE 1 Classification of Displacement Measuring Systems
Resolution not to Exceed the Greater of: Error not to Exceed the Greater of:
Classification
Relative Error
Fixed Error, mm ( [in.)] % of Reading Fixed Error, mm ( [in.)]
(% of Displacement)
Class A 0.013 (0.0005) 60.25 60.025 (0.001) 60.5
Class A 0.013 [0.0005] 60.25 60.025 [0.001] 60.5
Class B 0.038 (0.0015) 60.5 60.075 (0.003) 61.0
Class B 0.038 [0.0015] 60.5 60.075 [0.003] 61.0
Class C 0.064 (0.0025) 61.0 60.125 (0.005) 62.0
Class C 0.064 [0.0025] 61.0 60.125 [0.005] 62.0
Class D 0.13 (0.005) 61.5 60.25 (0.010) 63.0
Class D 0.13 [0.005] 61.5 60.25 [0.010] 63.0
the correct value of the applied displacement.
3.2.4 displacement, n—a movement or measurement of length expressed in terms of millimeters, inches, etc.
3.2.5 displacement measuring system, n—a device or set of devices comprised of a displacement transducer and associated
instrumentation.
3.2.6 lower limit of verification range, n—the lowest value of displacement at which a displacement measuring system can be
verified.
3.2.7 percent error, n—in the case of a displacement measuring system, the ratio, expressed as a percent, of the error to the
correct value of the applied displacement.
3.2.7.1 Discussion—The measured displacement, as measured by the testing machine, and the applied displacement, as
computed from the readings of the verification device, shall be recorded at each verification displacement data point. The error,
and the percent error, shall be calculated from this data as follows:
Error 5 A 2 B
PercentError 5 @~A 2 B!/B# 3100
where:
A = displacement measured by the machine being verified, mm (in.),[in.], and
B = correct value of the applied displacement, mm (in.),[in.], as determined by the calibration device.
3.2.8 reference standard, n—a standard used to measure displacement applied by the testing machine and measured by the
displacement measuring system to be verified.
3.2.9 resolution of the displacement indicator, n—smallest change of displacement that can be estimated or ascertained on the
displacementmeasuringapparatusofthetestingmachineorsystem,atanyapplieddisplacement.AppendixX1describesamethod
for determining resolution.
3.2.10 resolution of analog type displacement indicators (scales, dials, recorders, etc.), n—theresolutionisthesmallestchange
in displacement indicated by a displacement of a pointer, or pen line.The resolution is calculated by multiplying the displacement
corresponding to one graduation by the ratio of the width of the pointer or pen line to the center to center distance between two
adjacent graduation marks.
3.2.11 resolution of digital type displacement indicators (numeric, displays, printouts, etc.), n—the resolution is the smallest
change in displacement that can be displayed on the displacement indicator, at any applied displacement.Appendix X1 describes
a method for determining resolution.
3.2.11.1 Discussion—Ifthedisplacementindication,foreithertypeofdisplacementindicator,fluctuatesbymorethantwicethe
resolution, as described in 3.2.9 or 3.2.10, the resolution, expressed as displacement, shall be equal to one-half the range of the
fluctuation.
3.2.12 relative repeatability, n—the closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements from the same
applied displacement, carried out under the same conditions of measurement. It is expressed as percentage of the mean indicated
output for the same applied displacement on two successive calibrations for the given displacement.
3.2.13 relative reversibility, n—the difference between the mean measured displacement obtained for a given applied
displacementappliedinanincreasingmodeandthemeanindicateddisplacementobtainedforthesamegivendisplacementapplied
in a decreasing mode.
3.2.14 testing machine, n—a mechanical device for applying force and displacement to a specimen.
3.2.14.1 Discussion—The instrumentation may be either an electrical or a mechanical device, that is, a scale or pointer system.
3.2.15 verification, n—inthecaseofdisplacementmeasuringsystemsusedwithtestingmachines,theprocessofcomparingthe
displacementindicationofthemachineorsystemundertesttothatofastandardandreportingresults,withoutmakingadjustments.
3.2.16 verification displacement, n—a displacement with traceability derived from national standards of length with a specific
uncertainty of measurement, which can be applied to displacement measuring systems.
3.2.17 verified range of displacement, n—in the case of testing machines, the range of measured displacement for which the
testing machine gives results within the permissible variations specified.
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E2309/E2309M – 05 (2011)
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Testing machines that apply and measure displacement are used in many industries. They may be used in research
laboratoriestodeterminematerialproperties,andinproductionlinestoqualifyproductsforshipment.Thedisplacementmeasuring
devices integral to the testing machines may be used for measurement of crosshead or actuator displacement over a defined range
of operation. The accuracy of the displacement value shall be traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) or another recognized National Laboratory. Practices E2309 provides a procedure to verify these machines and systems,
in order that the measured displacement values may be traceable.Akey element to having traceability is that the devices used in
the verification produce known displacement characteristics, and have been calibrated in accordance with adequate calibration
standards.
5. Calibration Devices
5.1 Reference standards used for calibration and or verification of displacement measuring systems shall have estimated
measurement uncertainties.The reported uncertainty of reference standards must be equal to or less than ⁄3 the allowable error for
the measuring system Classification as shown inTable 1.The estimated measurement uncertainty of the reference standard should
have a confidence level of 95% (k = 2).
6. System Verification
6.1 Displacement measuring systems shall be verified as a system with the displacement sensing and measuring devices (see
1.2 and 1.4) in place and operating as in actual use.
6.2 System verification is invalid if the displacement sensing devices are removed and checked independently of the testing
machine.
6.3 A Practices E2309 verification consists of at least two verification runs of displacement contained in the displacement
range(s) selected. See 8.1 and 8.2.
6.3.1 IftheinitialverificationrunproducesvalueswithinthePracticesE2309requirementsofSection15,thedatamaybeused
“as found” for run one of the two required for the new verification report.
6.3.2 If the initial verification run produces any values which are outside of the Practices E2309 requirements, the “as found”
data may be reported and may be used in accordance with applicable quality control programs.
6.3.3 Calibration adjustments may be made to improve the accuracy of the system. They shall be followed by the two required
verification runs, and issuance of a new verification report.
7. Application of Displacement
7.1 In the verification of the displacement measuring system, approach the displacement test value by applying the test
displacement from a lower value of displacement. To reduce the error in displacement measurement due to internal backlash of
the testing machine, associated fixtures and or apparatus, make sure to approach the starting zero position of the testing machine
from a point less than zero and in the direction for which the resultant verification data will be acquired. This procedure shall be
followed when acquiring descending verification data as well. When acquiring descending verification data apply a displacement
greater than the starting point and adjust the testing machine to re-establish a starting zero position in the direction for which
verification data is to be acquired.
7.2 Displacement measuring systems that are used to acquire test data in both ascending and descending directions, shall be
verified in both directions.
8. Selection of Verification Displacement Values
8.1 For any displacement range, verify the displacement measuring system by applying at least five test displacement values,
at least two times, with the difference between any two successive displacement value applications being no larger than one-third
the difference between the selected maximum and minimum test displacement values.Applied displacement values on the second
run are to be approximately the same as those on the first run. Report all values.
8.2 The low limit of displacement measurement must be equal to or greater than:
400 times the resolution for Class A
200 times the resolution for Class B
100 times the resolution for Class C
67 times the resolution for Class D
8.2.1 Where the resolution of the displacement measuring system is sufficient to allow for verification below 10% of
displacement capacity or range, verify the displacement range by applying at least two successive series of displacement values,
arranged in overlapping decade groups, such that the maximum displacement value in one decade is the minimum displacement
value in the next higher decade. Starting with the selected minimal displacement value in each decade, there are to be at least five
displacement applications, in an approximate ratio of 1:1, 2.5:1, 5:1, 7.5:1, and 10:1, unless the maximum displacement value is
reached prior to completing all displacement application ratios. Report all displacement values and their percent errors.
NOTE 1—Example: If full scale is 200 mm [8 in.] and the minimal resolution is 0.025 mm [0.001 mm], the minimum verified displacement would be
5mm(0.025 3200).Twodecadesof20and200mmcouldbeselectedtocoverthedisplacementapplicationrange.Suitableverificationtestdisplacement
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E2309/E2309M – 05 (2011)
values would then be approximately 5, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200 mm.The largest reported error of the two sets of the test runs is the maximum error
for the displacement range.
9. Preliminary Procedure
9.1 Alignment:
9.1.1 Whenfixturingthecalibrat
...
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