ASTM D2261-13(2024)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and the test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of fabric of the type in question. Test specimens then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
5.2 The force registered in a tear test is irregular, and as a consequence, empirical methods have had to be developed to obtain usable values related to tear strength. In spite of the empirical nature of the reported values, the values are considered to reflect comparative performance of similar fabrics tested and measured in the same way. No known procedure is available that can be used with all fabrics to determine the minimum tearing strength.
5.3 Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength of the yarn components, fiber bonds, or fiber interlocks, individually or in combination, needed to stop a te...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knit fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics and non-wovens. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.
1.3 Tear strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for tongue tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of I...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2261 − 13 (Reapproved 2024)
Standard Test Method for
Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip)
Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing
1
Machine)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2261; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
strength of textile fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) ten-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
sile testing machine.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a
consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed
2. Referenced Documents
upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix
D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for
X1.
Textiles
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knit
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
3
fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics and non-wovens. The
(Withdrawn 2024)
fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated,
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-
or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing
tiles
specimens with or without wetting.
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
1.3 Tear strength, as measured in this test method, requires
3
drawn 2008)
that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate
3
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
or start a tear.
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
1.4 Two calculations for tongue tearing strength are pro-
Related Properties of Textiles
vided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
peak forces.
Methods
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3. Terminology
are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units may
be approximate.
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test
Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D4850.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 For all terminology related to Force, Deformation and
Related Properties of Textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Physical Test contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Methods B. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published January 2024. Originally the ASTM website.
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approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D2261–17 . DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D2261-13R24. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2261 − 13 (2024)
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: 5.4 Most textile fabrics can be tested by this test method.
cross-machine direction, CD, fabric, machine direction, MD, Some modification of clamping
...
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