ASTM D4724-99(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Degree of Filament Yarn Entanglement by Needle Insertion Methods
Standard Test Methods for Degree of Filament Yarn Entanglement by Needle Insertion Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Option 1 of this test method for the determination of the degree of filament yarn entanglement, as measured instrumentally, is used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because information on between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests, as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative test should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Option 2 for this test method is intended for use when the supply of yarn is limited.
The instrumental option of this test method is based on the total randomization of the entanglements in the yarn; therefore, the distance measured between the point of insertion of a pin in the middle of the yarn and the point at which an entanglement is encountered, by movement of the yarn or the pin until it is stopped at a preset level of force, is representative of the distance between two entanglements at some location in the yarn.
Entanglements are used frequently instead of twist to ensure the integrity of filament yarns. Such entanglements generally give somewhat less protecti...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two options for the measurement of entanglements in filament yarns using needle insertion options for instrument (A) and manual (B) techniques.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units (in parentheses) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4724–99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
1
Entanglements in Filament Yarns by Needle Insertion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4724; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope nodes in which the interlocking or interlacing is compact
pulling the yarn bundle together.
1.1 This test method covers two options for the measure-
3.1.2 filament yarn, n—a yarn composed of (continuous)
ment of entanglements in filament yarns using needle insertion
filaments assembled with or without twist.
options for instrument (A) and manual (B) techniques.
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units (in
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
parentheses) are to be regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
4. Summary of Test Method
therefore, each system must be used independently of the other
4.1 A summary of each option is in the section for that
without combining values in any way.
option.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Option 1 of this test method for the determination of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
degree of filament yarn entanglement, as measured instrumen-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tally, is used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments;
however, caution is advised because information on between-
2. Referenced Documents
2
laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests, as directed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
tween the reported test results for two or more laboratories,
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to
3. Terminology determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used
3.1 Definitions:
for each comparative test should be as homogeneous as
3.1.1 entanglement, n—the extent or degree to which the
possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples
filaments in a yarn are interlocked and cannot be readily
that results in disparate results during initial testing, and
separated.
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other
3.1.1.1 Discussion—There are two kinds of entanglements,
fabrics with established test values may be used for this
intermediary (loose) node and hard (tight) node. Intermediary
purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should
nodes are pulled out easily under tension or separated by a
be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability
needle. This test method is a measure of the presence of hard
level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on General Yarn Test
bias.
Methods.
5.2 Option 2 for this test method is intended for use when
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D4724–99.
the supply of yarn is limited.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3 The instrumental option of this test method is based on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the total randomization of the entanglements in the yarn;
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. therefore, the distance measured between the point of insertion
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4724–99 (2005)
of a pin in the middle of the yarn and the point at which an 9. Apparatus
entanglement is encountered, by movement of the yarn or the
9.1 Automatic Needle Pull Entanglement Testers, rapid
pin until it is stopped at a preset level of force, is representative 3
automatic pin insertion detect
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.