ASTM B415-98(2013)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Hard-Drawn Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire
Standard Specification for Hard-Drawn Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire
ABSTRACT
This specification covers four conductivities of bare, hard-drawn, round, aluminum-clad steel wire for general use for electrical purposes. The wire shall be composed of a steel core with a substantially uniform and continuous aluminum covering thoroughly bonded to it. The drawn wire shall have the properties and characteristics prescribed in the specification. The wire of varying nominal diameters shall conform to the prescribed tensile requirements such as tensile strength and elongation. The electrical resistance of the wire shall be determined by resistance measurements and maximum resistance shall be based on the nominal diameter of the wire and the resistivity value. The steel wire shall conform to the prescribed values of physical constants such as modulus of elasticity, coefficient of linear expansion, and temperature coefficient of resistance. Within a required range of diameters, the wire shall not vary from the specified diameter by more than the amount indicated. The aluminum thickness at any point shall not be less than the required values. The wire shall undergo a twist test, where the specimen shall be gripped at its ends in vises, one of which shall be free to move longitudinally during the test. The finished wire shall contain no joints or splices. The material shall also conform to the approximate properties of hard-drawn conductivity aluminum-clad steel wire.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers four conductivities of bare, hard-drawn, round, aluminum-clad steel wire for general use for electrical purposes in sizes 0.2043 to 0.0808 in. incl (4 to 12 AWG) (Note 1). This specification does not apply to wires used as reinforcement in ACSR conductors. (See Specification B502.) Note 1—Wire ordered to this specification is not intended for redrawing. If wire is desired for this purpose, the manufacturer shall be consulted.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:B415 −98(Reapproved 2013)
Standard Specification for
Hard-Drawn Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B415; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.4 Special package marking if required (Section 16), and
3.1.5 Package size (see 17.1), and
1.1 This specification covers four conductivities of bare,
3.1.6 Place of inspection if other than place of manufacture
hard-drawn, round, aluminum-clad steel wire for general use
(Section 14).
forelectricalpurposesinsizes0.2043to0.0808in.incl(4to12
AWG)(Note1).Thisspecificationdoesnotapplytowiresused
4. Material
as reinforcement in ACSR conductors. (See Specification
4.1 The wire shall be composed of a steel core with a
B502.)
substantially uniform and continuous aluminum covering thor-
NOTE 1—Wire ordered to this specification is not intended for redraw-
oughly bonded to it. The drawn wire shall have the properties
ing. If wire is desired for this purpose, the manufacturer shall be
and characteristics prescribed in this specification.
consulted.
5. Tensile Properties
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
5.1 The wire shall conform to the tensile requirements
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
prescribed in Table 1 (Note 2). In computing tensile strength,
and are not considered standard.
the actual diameter of the finished wire shall be used.
NOTE 2—The approximate properties of standard AWG sizes of
2. Referenced Documents
hard-drawn aluminum-clad steel wire are shown in Table 2 for the
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the
information of the user of this specification.
dateofmaterialpurchaseformapartofthisSpecificationtothe
5.2 Wire of a nominal diameter that exceeds a size listed in
extent referenced herein.
Table 1 shall conform to the tensile requirements of the next
2.2 ASTM Standards:
larger diameter.
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
5.3 Elongation shall be determined by an extensometer
Materials
suitable for measuring elongation in 10 in. (250 mm) and
B502 Specification for Aluminum-Clad Steel Core Wire for
equipped with a vernier reading to 0.01 in. (0.25 mm). It shall
Use in Overhead Electrical Aluminum Conductors
be attached to the test specimen at a tensile load of 10 % of the
ratedstrength.Theelongationshallbeobservedwhileapplying
3. Ordering Information
a tension load to the specimen. The reading at the time of
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
fracture shall be taken as the elongation of the specimen. The
the following information:
elongation thus determined shall be not less than 1.5 % in 10
3.1.1 Quantity and conductivity of each size,
in. Tests shall be disregarded in which the extensometer
3.1.2 Wire size: diameter in inches (see 7.1 and Table 1),
reading is less than 1.5 % and in which the fracture does not
3.1.3 Method of measuring elongation if other than 5.3
occur between the extensometer attachments and at least 1 in.
(optional),
(25.0 mm) from the two attachments. In this case another
sample from the same reel or coil shall be tested.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 on
5.4 When agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
Electrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.06 on
purchaser, the elongation may be determined by measurements
Bi-Metallic Conductors.
made between the jaws of the testing machine.The zero length
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. Originally
shall be the distance between the jaws when a load equal to
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as B415 – 98 (2007).
DOI: 10.1520/B0415-98R13.
10 % of the specified tensile strength shall have been applied
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and the final length shall be the distance between the jaws at
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
thetimeofrupture.Thezerolengthshallbeasnear60in.(1.52
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. m) as practicable. The elongation thus determined shall be not
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B415−98 (2013)
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements
20 % 27 % 30 % 40 %
Nominal Size,
Diameter, in. AWG
psi MPa psi MPa psi MPa psi MPa
0.2043 4 155 000 1070 125 000 862 102 000 703 80 000 552
0.1880 160 000 1100 129 000 889 106 000 731 84 000 579
0.1819 5 165 000 1140 133 000 917 110 000 758 88 000 607
0.1729 170 000 1170 137 000 945 114 000 786 92 000 634
0.1620 6 175 000 1210 141 000 972 114 000 786 96 000 662
0.1549 180 000 1240 145 000 1000 118 000 814 96 000 662
0.1443 7 185 000 1280 150 000 1034 122 000 841 98 000 676
0.1369 190 000 1310 154 000 1062 126 000 869 98 000 676
0.1285 8 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 686
0.1144 9 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 686
0.1019 10 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 686
0.0907 11 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 686
0.0808 12 195 000 1340 156 000 1076 128 000 883 99 500 686
TABLE 2 Physical Constants TABLE 3 Wire Diameter Variations
Temperature Permissible Variations in
% Density at Modulus of Coef. of Linear
Coef. of Specified Diameter, in. Specified Diameter,
Conductivity 20°C Elasticity psi Exp.
Resistance plus and minus
3 6 0.2043 to 0.1000, incl 1.5 %
20.3 0.2381 lb/in 23.5 × 10 0.0000072/°F 0.0020/°F
3 0.1000 to 0.0800, incl 0.0015 in. (1.5 mils) (0.038 mm)
(6.590 g/cm ) (162 GPa) (0.0000126/°C) (0.0036/°C)
3 6
27 0.2135 lb/in 20.3 × 10 0.0000077/°F 0.0020/°F
(5.91 g/cm ) (140 GPa) (0.0000134/°C) (0.0036/°C)
3 6
30 0.2027 lb/in 19.1 × 10 0.0000079/°F 0.0021/°F
the amounts shown in this table. In computing permissible
(5.61 g/cm ) (132 GPa) (0.0000138/°C) (0.0038/°C)
3 6
40 0.1676 lb/in 15.8 × 10 0.0000089/°F 0.0022/°F
variations, diameters shall be rounded to the nearest 0.0001 in.
(4.64 g/cm ) (109 GPa) (0.0000155/°C) (0.0040/°C)
(0.0025 mm).
7.3 If accessible, one diameter measurement shall be taken
near each end and one near the middle of the coil or reel. In the
case of reels, the center and one end may not be accessible and
lessthan1.4 %.Testsinwhichtheelongationislessthan1.4 %
the prescribed diameter measurement shall be taken along the
and in which the fracture occurs at or within 1 in. (25.4 mm)
length of the accessible material. If any of the selected coils or
of the jaws shall be disregarded. In this case another sample
reels fail to conform to the requirements for diameter as
from the same reel or coil shall be tested.
prescribed in 7.2, all coils or reels shall be measured in the
6. Resistance
manner specified.
6.1 The electrical resistance of the wire (Note 2 and Note 3)
8. Thickness of Aluminum
shall be determined by resistance measurements and maximum
8.1 The aluminum thickness at any point shall be not less
resistance shall be based on the nominal diameter of the wire
than stated in Table 4. Measurements shall be read to the
and the resistivity value of:
closest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm). In determining the required or
51.01Ω·cmil/ft at 20°C for 20.3 % Conductivity
measured thickness, 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm) or less shall be
38.41Ω·cmil/ft at 20°C for 27 % Conductivity
34.57Ω·cmil/ft at 20°C for 30 % Conductivity
dropped. For greater than 0.0005 in., the next larger 0.001 in.
25.93Ω·cmil/ft at 20°C for 40 % Conductivity
shall be used. Measurements shall be made by (a) using
NOTE 3—Electrical resistance is calculated by the following equation:
suitable electrical indicating instruments operating on the
permeameter principle, or (b) direct measurement. For referee
Resistance,Ω/ft 5 Resistivity Ω·cmil/ft /
~ !
2 purposes, direct measurement shall be used to determine
nominal diameter, mils
~ !
aluminum thickness on specimens taken from the ends of the
6.2 When
...
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