EN 10332:2003
(Main)Magnetic materials - Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials - Methods of measurement of magnetic properties
Magnetic materials - Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials - Methods of measurement of magnetic properties
This European standard specifies the method of measurement of the magnetic flux density, magnetic polarization and the magnetic field strength and also the determination of the demagnetization curve and recoil line of permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 404-8-1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume.
The performance of a magnetic system is not only dependent on the properties of the permanent magnet material but also on the dimensions of the system, the air-gap and other elements of the magnetic circuit. The methods described in this standard refer to the measurement on the magnetic properties in a closed magnetic circuit simulating a ring.
Magnetische Werkstoffe - Dauermagnet- (hartmagnetische) Werkstoffe - Verfahren zur Messung der magnetischen Eigenschaften
Diese Europäische Norm definiert Verfahren zur Messung der magne-tischen Flussdichte, der ma-gnetischen Polarisation und der magneti-schen Feldstärke sowie zur Bestimmung der Entmagnetisie-rungskurve und der rückläufigen Kurve von Dauermagnetwerkstoffen, wie sie in IEC 60404-8-1 spezifi-ziert sind. Die Eigenschaften der Dauermagnetwerkstoffe werden als homogen über ihr ganzes Volumen vorausge-setzt.
Das Verhalten eines Magnetsystems ist nicht nur von den Eigenschaften des Dauermagnetwerk-stoffs ab-hängig, sondern auch von den Abmessungen des Systems, dem Luftspalt und anderen Teilen des magneti-schen Kreises. Die in dieser Norm beschriebenen Verfahren beziehen sich auf die magnetischen Eigen-schaften in einem geschlossenen magnetischen Kreis, der einen Ring nach-bildet.
Matériaux magnétiques - Matériaux pour aimants permanents (magnétiquement durs) - Méthodes de mesure des propriétés magnétiques
La présente Norme européenne spécifie la méthode de mesure de l'induction magnétique, de la polarisation magnétique et de l'intensité du champ magnétique, ainsi que la détermination de la courbe de désaimantation et la droite de recul des matériaux pour aimants permanents, comme ceux qui sont spécifiés dans la CEI 60404-8-1, dont les propriétés sont supposées homogènes dans tout leur volume.
La performance d'un système magnétique ne dépend pas seulement des propriétés du matériau pour aimant permanent mais également des dimensions du système, de l'entrefer et des autres éléments du circuit magnétique. Les méthodes décrites dans la présente norme se rapportent à la mesure des propriétés magnétiques en circuit magnétique fermé, simulant un tore.
Magnetni materiali – Trajnomagnetni (trdomagnetni) materiali – Metode za merjenje magnetnih lastnosti
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Magnetic materials - Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials - Methods of measurement of magnetic propertiesMagnetni materiali – Trajnomagnetni (trdomagnetni) materiali – Metode za merjenje magnetnih lastnostiMatériaux magnétiques - Matériaux pour aimants permanents (magnétiquement durs) - Méthodes de mesure des propriétés magnétiquesMagnetische Werkstoffe - Dauermagnet- (hartmagnetische) Werkstoffe - Verfahren zur Messung der magnetischen EigenschaftenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 10332:2003SIST EN 10332:2003en29.030Magnetni materialiMagnetic materialsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 10332:200301-november-2003
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 10332May 2003ICS 29.030English versionMagnetic materials - Permanent magnet (magnetically hard)materials - Methods of measurement of magnetic propertiesMatériaux magnétiques - Matériaux pour aimantspermanents (magnétiquement durs) - Méthodes de mesuredes propriétés magnétiquesMagnetische Werkstoffe - Dauermagnet- (hartmagnetische)Werkstoffe - Verfahren zur Messung der magnetischenEigenschaftenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 February 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 10332:2003 E
EN 10332:2003 (E)2ContentsPage1Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.44Electromagnet and conditions for magnetization.54.1General.54.2Geometrical conditions.54.3Electromagnetic conditions.55Test specimen.66Determination of the magnetic flux density.67Determination of the magnetic polarization.78Measurement of the magnetic field strength.89Determination of the demagnetization curve.89.1General.89.2Principle of determination of the demagnetization curve, test specimen magnetized in theelectromagnet.89.3Principle of determination of the demagnetization curve, test specimen magnetized in asuperconducting coil or pulse magnetizer.910Determination of the principal characteristics.910.1Magnetic remanence.910.2(BH)max product.910.3Coercivities HcB and HcJ.910.4Determination of the recoil line and the recoil permeability.911Reproducibility.1012Test report.10Annex A (normative)
Influence of the air-gap between the test specimen and the pole pieces.13
EN 10332:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 10332:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 24, "Electrical steel sheetand strip qualities - Qualities dimensions, tolerances and specific tests", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by November 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby November 2003.This document is equivalent to IEC 60404-5.Annex A is normative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
EN 10332:2003 (E)41 ScopeThis European standard specifies the method of measurement of the magnetic flux density, magnetic polarizationand the magnetic field strength and also the determination of the demagnetization curve and recoil line ofpermanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404-8-1, the properties of which are presumedhomogeneous throughout their volume.The performance of a magnetic system is not only dependent on the properties of the permanent magnet materialbut also on the dimensions of the system, the air-gap and other elements of the magnetic circuit. The methodsdescribed in this standard refer to the measurement on the magnetic properties in a closed magnetic circuitsimulating a ring.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).IEC 60050-121:1998, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 121: Electromagnetism.IEC 60050-151:2001, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 151: Electrical and magnetic devices.IEC 60050-221:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary) – Chapter 221: Magnetic materials andcomponents.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-121:1998, IEC 60050-151:2001 and IEC 60050-221:1990 apply.For permanent magnet materials this standard deals with both the coercivity HcB (the coercivity related to themagnetic flux density) and the intrinsic coercivity HcJ (the coercivity related to the magnetic polarization).The measurements specified in this standard are for both the magnetic flux density, B, and the magneticpolarization, J, as a function of the magnetic field strength, H. These quantities are related by the followingequation :JHB0µ (1)whereBis the magnetic flux density, in teslas ;µ0is the magnetic constant = 4 10-7, in henry per metre ;His the magnetic field strength, in amperes per metre ;Jis the magnetic polarization, in teslas.Using this relationship HcJ values can be obtained from the B(H) hysteresis loop and HcB values can be obtainedfrom the J(H). The point at which the modulus of the product BH has a maximum value is called the working pointfor (BH)max (see Figure 2).
EN 10332:2003 (E)54 Electromagnet and conditions for magnetization4.1 GeneralThe measurements are carried out in a closed magnetic circuit consisting of an electromagnet made of softmagnetic material and the test specimen. The construction of the yokes shall be symmetrical ; at least one of thepoles shall be movable to minimize the air-gap between the test specimen and the pole pieces (see Figure 1). Theend faces of both pole pieces shall be ground as nearly as possible parallel to each other and as nearly as possibleperpendicular to the pole axis to minimize the air-gap (see Figure A.1).NOTEFor certain measurements, the yoke and the poles can be laminated to decrease eddy currents. The coercivity ofthe material should normally be not more than 100 A/m.To obtain a sufficiently uniform magnetizing field in the space occupied by the test specimen, the followingconditions shall be fulfilled simultaneously :4.2 Geometrical conditions'2,121ldd (2)'0,21ld (3)whered1is the diameter of a circular pole piece or the dimension of the smallest side of a rectangular polepiece, in millimetres ;l’is the distance between the pole pieces, in millimetres ;d2is the maximum diameter of the cylindrical volume with a homogeneous field, in millimetres.With reference to the magnetic field strength at the centre of the air-gap, condition (2) ensures that the maximumfield decrease at a radial distance of d2/2 and condition (3) ensures that the maximum field increase along the axisof the electromagnet at the pole faces is 1 %.4.3 Electromagnetic conditionsDuring the measurement of the demagnetization curve, the flux density in the pole pieces shall be keptsubstantially lower than the saturation magnetic polarization so that the pole faces shall be brought as near aspossible to be equipotential. In practice, the magnetic flux density shall be less than 1 T in iron and less than 1,2 Tin iron alloy containing 35 % to 50 % cobalt.The yoke is excited by magnetizing coils which are arranged symmetrically as near as possible to the testspecimen (see Figure 1). The axis of the test specimen shall be coincident with the axis of the magnetizing coils.Before measurement, the test specimen shall be magnetized in a magnetic field Hmax intended to bring the testspecimen close to saturation (see the following note). The determination of the demagnetization curve shall then bemade in a magnetic field in the direction opposite to that used for the initial magnetization.If it is not possible to magnetize the test specimen to near saturation within the yoke (for instance if the conditionsin the following note cannot be met) the test specimen shall be magnetized outside the electromagnet in asuperconducting coil or pulse magnetizer.NOTEWhere the product standard or the manufacturer does not specify the value of the magnetizing field strength Hmax, itis recommended that before the measurement of the demagnetization curve, the test specimen should be magnetized tosaturation. The test specimen is considered to be saturated if the following relationships hold for two values of magnetic fieldstrength H1 and H2 :
EN 10332:2003 (E)612/ln54024,012HHePP (4)or12/log54024,01210HHPP
(5)and122,1HH
(6)whereP2is the maximum attainable value of (BH)max, in joules per cubic metre, or of coercivity HcB in amperesper metre ;P1is the lower value of (BH)max, in joules per cubic metre, or of coercivity HcB in amperes per metre ;H2is the magnetic field strength corresponding to P2, in amperes per metre ;H1is the magnetic field strength corresponding to P1, in amperes per metre.In the special c
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