CEN/TS 15963:2014
(Main)Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the fracture toughness temperature by a three point bending test on a notched specimen
Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the fracture toughness temperature by a three point bending test on a notched specimen
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the Fracture Toughness temperature, TFT, of bituminous binders by means of a three point bending test on a notched binder sample.
WARNING - The use of this Technical Specification can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This Technical Specification does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this Technical Specification to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For environmental reasons, it is recommended to limit the use of products, solvents and energy to minimum in order to reduce the emissions to air, water and soil.
Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel - Bestimmung der Bruchwiderstandstemperatur mittels eines Drei-Punkt-Biegeversuches an einem gekerbten Probekörper
Diese Technische Spezifikation legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Bruchwiderstandstemperatur TFT von bitumenhaltigen Bindemitteln mit Hilfe einer Drei-Punkt-Biegeprüfung an einem gekerbten Bindemittel-probekörper fest.
WARNUNG — Die Anwendung dieser Technischen Spezifikation kann den Umgang mit gefährlichen Substanzen und Ausrüstungsteilen und die Ausführung gefährlicher Arbeitsgänge einschließen. Diese Technische Spezifikation erhebt nicht den Anspruch, alle mit ihrer Anwendung verbundenen Sicherheitsprobleme anzusprechen. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieser Technischen Spezifikation, geeignete Verhaltensregeln zur Sicherheit und Gesundheit festzulegen und die Anwend-barkeit einschränkender Vorschriften vor der Anwendung zu bestimmen. Aus Umweltaspekten wird empfohlen, die Mengen der Produkte, der Lösemittel und der Energiequellen zu begrenzen, um die Emissionen in Luft, Wasser und Boden auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren.
Bitumes et liants bitumineux - Détermination de la température de résistance à la fissuration par un essai de flexion 3 points sur un barreau entaillé
La présente Spécification Technique spécifie une méthode de détermination de la température de résistance à la fissuration, TFT, des liants bitumineux à l’aide d’un essai de flexion trois points réalisé sur un barreau entaillé.
AVERTISSEMENT — L'utilisation de la présente Spécification Technique peut impliquer l'intervention de produits, d'opérations et d'équipements à caractère dangereux. Cette Spécification Technique n'a pas la prétention d'aborder tous les problèmes de sécurité concernés par son usage. Il est de la responsabilité de l'utilisateur de cette Spécification Technique de consulter et d'établir des règles de sécurité et d'hygiène appropriées et de déterminer l'applicabilité des restrictions réglementaires avant utilisation. Pour des raisons environnementales, il est recommandé de limiter l’utilisation des produits, des solvants et de l’énergie au minimum de façon à réduire les émissions dans l’air, l’eau et le sol.
Bitumen in bitumenska veziva - Določanje temperature lomne žilavosti s tritočkovnim upogibnim preskusom na zarezanem vzorcu
CEN/TS 15963 določa metodo za določanje temperature lomne žilavosti s tritočkovnim upogibnim preskusom na zarezanem vzorcu.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15963:2010
%LWXPHQLQELWXPHQVNDYH]LYD'RORþDQMHWHPSHUDWXUHORPQHåLODYRVWLV
WULWRþNRYQLPXSRJLEQLPSUHVNXVRPQD]DUH]DQHPY]RUFX
Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the fracture toughness temperature
by a three point bending test on a notched specimen
Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel - Bestimmung der Bruchwiderstandstemperatur
mittels eines Drei-Punkt-Biegeversuches an einem gekerbten Probekörper
Bitumes et liants bitumineux - Détermination de la température de résistance à la
fissuration par un essai de flexion 3 points sur un barreau entaillé
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15963:2014
ICS:
75.140 Voski, bitumni in drugi naftni Waxes, bituminous materials
proizvodi and other petroleum products
91.100.50 Veziva. Tesnilni materiali Binders. Sealing materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15963
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
April 2014
ICS 91.100.50 Supersedes CEN/TS 15963:2010
English Version
Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the fracture
toughness temperature by a three point bending test on a
notched specimen
Bitumes et liants bitumineux - Détermination de la Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel - Bestimmung der
température de résistance à la fissuration par un essai de Bruchwiderstandstemperatur mittels eines Drei-Punkt-
flexion 3 points sur un barreau entaillé Biegeversuches an einem gekerbten Probekörper
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 16 December 2013 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15963:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions .4
4 Principle .6
5 Apparatus .6
5.1 Testing apparatus .6
5.2 Test specimen .8
6 Preparation of test samples .9
6.1 Preparation of test samples .9
6.2 Preparation of moulds .9
6.3 Preparation of test specimen . 11
7 Procedure to determine the Fracture Toughness temperature T . 12
FT
7.1 Number of tests . 12
7.2 Specimen conditioning . 12
7.3 Loading rate and test temperature . 12
7.4 Validity of the test results . 12
7.5 Fracture Toughness temperature, T . 12
FT
8 Calculation . 12
8.1 Test sample . 12
8.2 Results and temperature . 13
8.3 Fracture Toughness temperature, T . 13
FT
9 Expression of results . 14
9.1 Fracture Toughness temperature, T . 14
FT
9.2 Other properties . 14
10 Precision . 14
10.1 Repeatability . 14
10.2 Reproducibility . 14
11 Test report . 15
Annex A (informative) Calculation of Critical Stress Intensity factor . 16
A.1 General . 16
A.2 Terms and definitions . 16
A.3 Calculations . 16
Bibliography . 18
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15963:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 336 “Bituminous
binders”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 15963:2010.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the Fracture Toughness temperature,
, of bituminous binders by means of a three point bending test on a notched binder sample.
T
FT
WARNING — The use of this Technical Specification can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This Technical Specification does not purport to address all of the safety problems
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this Technical Specification to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use. For environmental reasons, it is recommended to limit the use of products, solvents and
energy to minimum in order to reduce the emissions to air, water and soil.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 58, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Sampling bituminous binders
EN 12594, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Preparation of test samples
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
maximum force
F
highest force measured during the bending test
Note 1 to entry: The test is done in the brittle state or close to that, so that the maximum force is considered as the
onset of the crack propagation.
Note 2 to entry: Force is expressed in newtons (N).
3.2
displacement at maximum force
D
bending of the test beam from the beginning of the test (from the zero point) to the break point
Note 1 to entry: Displacement is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.3
work
W
area under the force-displacement curve from the beginning of the test to the break of the sample, i.e. at the
maximum force
Note 1 to entry: Work is expressed in newtons⋅metres (N⋅m) or in Joules (J).
3.4
Fracture Toughness temperature
T
FT
temperature at which the displacement at the maximum force is 0,3 mm (from the zero point)
Note 1 to entry: Fracture Toughness temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius (°C).
3.5
initial stiffness
S
value calculated as the slope of the tangent of the force-displacement curve at the inflection point
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Stiffness is expressed in newtons per millimetre (N/mm).
3.6
zero point
intersection of the x-axis and the tangent of the force-displacement curve at the inflection point expressed in
millimetres (mm)
Figure 1 presents an example of the force versus displacement curve at a temperature T close to T .
FT
Key
X displacement, in millimetres (mm) A maximum force (defined as F)
Y force, in newtons (N) B X point at maximum force
C tangent at the inflection point
D displacement at maximum force, (D = B - E)
E zero point
W work as defined in 3.3
I inflection point of F versus displacement
Figure 1 — Example of a Force versus displacement curve at temperature T (close to T )
FT
4 Principle
The notched three point bending test is used to measure cracking performance of unmodified and modified
bituminous binder samples. The test sample is a beam with a notch in the middle of one side of the beam. The
sample is conditioned in a temperature controlled bath. The beam is placed on two supports with the notch
facing downwards and a vertical downward force is applied on the middle of the upper face of the sample. The
beam is loaded until failure with a specified displacement rate, whereby force is recorded versus
displacement.
NOTE 1 The fracture properties of bituminous binders are strongly dependent on test temperature, loading rate and
sample preparation method.
NOTE 2 This test is based on the work done by S. Hesp for the Ministry of Transportation in Ontario, Canada [1].
5 Apparatus
5.1 Testing apparatus
5.1.1 Tension-compression device
A universal tension-compression device, which is capable of sustaining a constant, predetermined
displacement rate.
5.1.2 Bending rig
A bending rig consisting of two cylindrical specimen supports, a cylindrical-nosed shaft to apply the load to the
mid-point of the test specimen and a load cell mounted in line with the loading shaft.
The dimensions and tolerances of the loading frame are given in Table 1.
5.1.3 Loading system
A loading system, which is capable of applying a rate of displacement of 0,01 mm/s. The specified
displacement rate shall fluctuate by no more than ± 10 % over time. The maximum stroke of the instrument
shall be at least 20 mm for this test.
5.1.4 Loading shaft
A loading shaft, which is continuous and in line with the load cell and deflection measuring transducer. The
T-shape shaft shall have a cylindrical-shaped loading pin in the end. The diameter of the pin shall be
(10,0 ± 0,1) mm.
5.1.5 Load c
...
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