CEN/TC 336/WG 1 - Bituminous binders for paving

This document specifies a method for the conditioning of bitumen or bituminous binders in order to provide for measuring the combined effects of heat and air on a thin moving film of bitumen or bituminous binder simulating the hardening which most bituminous binders undergo during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant. The method is referred to as RTFOT - Rolling Thin Film Oven Test.
The method described is applicable to paving grade bitumen. The method described is also applicable to other bituminous binders considering that the reference temperature can result in excessive hardening that does not resemble real conditions during mixing at the plant. It is possible that the method does not represent the hardening that occurs during mixing bitumen used for warm mix asphalt.
The method described is not applicable to those binders having a viscosity at the tested temperature not allowing to provide a moving film. In some cases, it is possible that the test sample creeps out of the glass container and flows on the heating elements of the oven during testing.
The method described is not applicable to binders with volatiles components present. In case of cutback bitumen or bituminous emulsion, the described procedure is only applicable after being stabilized, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074-2 [9].
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the needle penetration of bitumens and bituminous binders.
The standard procedure for the determination of the needle penetration (consistency) is described for penetrations up to (330 × 0,1) mm at a temperature of 25 °C. The method also allows for penetrations up to (500 × 0,1) mm using a longer needle.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies an accelerated long-term ageing/conditioning procedure for bituminous binders. The procedure involves ageing trays of binder at elevated temperatures under pressurized conditions in a pressure ageing vessel (PAV).
NOTE   For binders to be used in hot and warm asphalt applications, the pre-conditioning of the sample can be performed using one of the methods in the EN 12607 series. For binders to be used in bituminous emulsion and cut back or fluxed applications, the stabilization of the sample is such that there are no volatiles remaining.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment, in particular, the use of a high pressure ageing vessel. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. If there is the likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure is not used.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the dynamic viscosity of bituminous binders by means of a vacuum capillary viscometer at 60 °C in a range between 0,003 6 Pa⋅s and 580 000 Pa⋅s. Other temperatures are possible if calibration constants are known. Bituminous emulsions and non-newtonian binders (e.g. some polymer modified bitumen) are not within the scope of this method.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the kinematic viscosity of bituminous binders at 60 °C and 135 °C, in a range from 6 mm2/s to 300 000 mm2/s. Other temperatures are possible if calibration constants are known. Bituminous emulsions are not covered within the scope of this method.
Results for this method can be used to calculate dynamic viscosity when the density of the test material is known or can be determined.
NOTE   This document assumes Newtonian behaviour of the sample at test conditions.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the flexural creep stiffness of bitumen and bituminous binders in the range of 30 MPa to 1 GPa by means of the bending beam rheometer.
The method can be applied to a variety of bitumens, including unmodified as well as modified binders, as fresh (unused) binders, as well as binders after laboratory ageing conditioning (e.g. EN 12607-1, EN 14769), and also binders that have been recovered from asphalt mixtures.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a general method of using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) for measuring the rheological properties of bituminous binders. The procedure involves determining the complex shear modulus and phase angle of binders over a range of test frequencies and test temperatures when tested in oscillatory shear.
From the test, the complex shear modulus, |G*|, and its phase angle, δ, at a given temperature and frequency are calculated, as well as the components G' and G" of the complex shear modulus.
This method is applicable to un-aged, aged, stabilized and recovered bituminous binders. The test procedure in accordance with this document is not applicable for bituminous binders with particles larger than 250 μm (e.g. filler material, granulated rubber).
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies the Binder Fast Characterization Test (for short: BTSV test, German: Bitumen-Typisierungs-Schnell-Verfahren). The test is conducted using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). It is used to characterize bitumen and bituminous binders and to assess the deformation behaviour at high service temperatures.
The test procedure described in this document covers the testing of paving grade bitumen or modified bitumen, as fresh (unused) binders, as well as binders after laboratory ageing conditioning (e.g. EN 12607-1, EN 14769), and also binders that have been recovered from asphalt mixtures. The test procedure in accordance with this document is not applicable for bituminous binders with particles larger than 250 μm (e.g. filler material, granulated rubber).
NOTE   The test procedure has not been applied on bituminous binders recovered from bitumen emulsions yet.
The test determines the temperature and the associated phase angle at which a bituminous binder exhibits a defined complex shear modulus in stress-controlled oscillation mode at constant frequency and with continuous increase of the test temperature.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure that regulatory requirements are fulfilled prior to application of this document. This document involves handling of apparatus and binders at very high temperatures. Always wear protective gloves and eyewear when handling hot binders, and avoid contact with any exposed, unprotected skin.

This document specifies a method for determining the dynamic viscosity of a bituminous binder over a range of temperatures by means of a cone and plate viscometer. The test method is intended for all bituminous binders (e.g. paving grade bitumen and polymer modified), unaged or aged. It is also suitable for recovered bituminous binders according to EN 12697 3 [1] and EN 12697 4 [2] with no or limited amount of filler.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the tensile properties of an unaged, aged, residual or recovered bituminous binder, in particular those of polymer-modified bitumens by means of a force ductility test.
The work done during the force ductility test is a criterion for assessing the quality of these materials.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the dynamic viscosity of a variety of bituminous binders: modified and unmodified bituminous binders, bituminous emulsions, cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders, by means of a rotating spindle apparatus (a coaxial viscometer).
Standard application temperatures are quoted, although the dynamic viscosity can be measured at other temperatures if required. Similarly, measurements at standard values of shear rate can be replaced or complemented by measurements at additional shear rates if required.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the storage stability at high temperatures.
NOTE   Modified bitumen and, in particular, polymer-modified bitumen, which consist of mainly bitumen and at least one additional agent, are known to display phase separation under certain conditions.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the elastic recovery of bituminous binders in a ductilometer at the test temperature (typically 25°C or 10°C; other temperatures can be used).
It is especially applicable to bituminous binders modified with thermoplastic elastomers, but can also be used with other bituminous binders which generate only small recovery.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This part of EN 13924 provides a framework for specifying the properties and relevant test methods for hard paving grade bitumens which are suitable for use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the tensile properties of a bituminous binder, in particular those of a polymer modified bitumen, by means of a tensile test.
NOTE   The tensile properties, more particularly the tensile stress, the elongation and energy, at the yield point and on fracture, are customarily used as a criterion for assessing the quality of these materials.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.1   This test method covers the determination of percent recovery and non-recoverable creep compliance of bitumen and bituminous binders by means of Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) testing. The MSCR test is conducted using the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) in creep mode at a specified temperature.
1.2   The percent recovery at multiple stress levels is intended to determine the presence of elastic response and stress dependence of bituminous binders.
1.3   The non-recoverable creep compliance at multiple stress levels is intended as an indicator for the sensitivity to permanent deformation and stress dependence of bituminous binders.
1.4   This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the softening point of bitumen and bituminous binders in the range of 28 °C to 150 °C.
Technical warning - The change from mercury thermometers to electronic temperature devices has revealed that the temperature definition in the mercury thermometer has not been precise enough to make a correct, unbiased transfer to electronic devices. Care should be taken for softening points ring and ball above 100 °C as the condition may have changed from previous practise to present days testing equipment. Below approx. 100 °C the difference in temperature readings between electronic and mercury stem thermometer is acceptable compared to the repeatability of this test methods. [Reference: ASTM E20 Group]
NOTE   The method described is also applicable to bituminous binders that have been recovered from bituminous mixes, e.g. by extraction.
WARNING — Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the Fraass breaking point which measures the brittleness of bitumen and bituminous binders at low temperatures.
WARNING — Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for determining the paraffin wax content of bitumen and bituminous binder by the DIN method.
Aqueous bituminous binders, fluxed or cut-back anhydrous binders, and modified binders, whatever their consistency, are not within the scope of the present test method.
WARNING - Use of this European standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This part of EN 12607 specifies a method for measuring the combined effects of heat and air on a thin moving film of bitumen or bituminous binder, simulating the hardening which most bituminous binders undergo during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant. The method is suitable for other bituminous binders than paving grade bitumen, but the reference temperature might give excessive hardening that does not resemble real conditions during mixing at the plant. The method may not represent the hardening that occurs during mixing of warm mix binders.
The method is referred to as RFT, i.e. Rotating Flask Test.
WARNING - Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European standard to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
If there is a likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure should not be used. It should not be used for cut-back bitumen or bituminous emulsions before these products have been stabilized, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074 2.
If there is a likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure should not be used. It should not be used for cut-back bitumen or bituminous emulsions before these products have been stabilized, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074 2.

This part of EN 12607 specifies a method for measuring the combined effects of heat and air on a film of bitumen or bituminous binder, simulating the hardening which most bituminous binders undergo during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant. The method is suitable for other bituminous binders than paving grade bitumen, but the reference temperature might give excessive hardening that does not resemble real conditions during mixing at the plant. The method may not represent the hardening that occurs during mixing of warm mix binders.
Additionally, this part of EN 12607 specifies a method for the determination of the change in mass of oxidized bitumens and hard industrial bitumens after heating. The method is used to detect volatile components.
The method is referred to as TFOT, i.e. Thin Film Oven Test.
WARNING:  Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
If there is a likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure should not be used. It should not be used for cut-back bitumen or bituminous emulsions before these products have been stabilized, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074 2.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the degree of solubility of bituminous binders having little or no mineral matter other than recovered bituminous binders from asphalt mixes, in a specific solvent. Toluene is used as the solvent for reference tests.
NOTE   Bituminous binders will have varying solubility in different solvents.
WARNING - Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document provides a framework for specifying the properties and relevant test methods for multigrade paving grade bitumens which are suitable for use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas, together with information for attestation and verification of constancy of performance. Multigrade paving grade bitumens are designated in EN 12597:2000 as special bitumens for road applications having a positive penetration index (Ip).
This document does not directly address cohesion, adhesion and settling ability, (see Clause Introduction).

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the perceptible properties of bituminous binders at ambient temperature prior to testing for other properties.
WARNING - The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for visualisation of the polymer distribution in polymer modified bitumen by fluorescent microscopy.
The method is applicable for most of the commercially used polymers, but before the method is used it should be examined whether the test is applicable for the actual polymer.
The method should only be used for identification purposes, i.e. in connection with production control.
NOTE   Sample preparation and treatment have an important influence on the test results and it is essential to follow strictly the method described to achieve comparable results.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard provides a framework for specifying the characteristics and relevant test methods for polymer modified bitumens which are suitable for use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas.
This framework covers the following characteristics:
-   "consistency at intermediate service temperature";
-   "consistency at elevated service temperature";
-   "cohesion";
-   "durability" of consistency;
-   "brittleness at low service temperature";
-   "strain recovery".
The cohesion property has been included as a means of discriminating between polymer modified bitumens and other bituminous binders. The other essential requirements, "adhesion" and "setting ability" are indicated by tests carried out on the finished asphalt mixtures.
The introduction of classes of convenience in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 enables the selection of the most suitable specification for the bitumen taking account of local conditions of climate and use. The nomenclature of polymer modified bitumens comprises the penetration range and the minimum softening point (see example in Annex A).

This European Standard provides a framework for specifying a range of properties and relevant test methods for bitumens, which are suitable for use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas, together with requirements for evaluation of conformity.
This European Standard does not directly address ‘cohesion, adhesion and setting ability’ (see Introduction).
NOTE   Although industrial bitumens are specified according to EN 13305, it should be underlined that paving grade bitumens, specified according to this European Standard, can also be used for industrial applications.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of per cent recovery and non-recoverable creep compliance of bitumen and bituminous binders by means of Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) testing. The MSCR test is conducted using the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) in creep mode at a specified temperature.
The per cent recovery at multiple stress levels is intended to determine the presence of elastic response and stress dependence of bituminous binders. The non-recoverable creep compliance at multiple stress levels is intended as an indicator for the sensitivity to permanent deformation and stress dependence of bituminous binders.
This document is applicable to un-aged, aged, stabilised and recovered bituminous binders. The test procedure in accordance with this document is not applicable for bituminous binders with particles larger than 250 μm (e.g. filler material, granulated rubber).
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document provides a framework for specifying a range of characteristics as well as applicable test methods for polymer modified bitumens, which are suitable for use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas, together with information on assessment and verification of constancy of performance. Polymer modified bitumen is defined in EN 12597.
This document describes the performance for characteristics of polymer modified bitumens, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. It gives information for Declaration of Performance, selection of the grades, characteristics and test methods.
This framework covers the following essential characteristics:
-   consistency at intermediate service temperature;
-   consistency at elevated service temperature;
-   viscoelastic behaviour;
-   cohesion;
-   resistance to flow and deformation;
-   temperature sensitivity;
-   strain recovery;
-   durability of strain recovery;
-   durability of consistency at low service temperature;
-   durability of viscoelastic behaviour.
The characteristics of "adhesion" and "setting ability" are addressed by tests used on either the finished asphalt mixtures or on aggregate bitumen combinations, i.e. EN 12697-1, EN 12697-11, EN 12697-12, EN 12697-26 [2 to 5], rather than tests on the bitumen itself.
"Adhesion" is addressed by tests carried out on the finished asphalt mixtures.
"Setting ability" is the return of the polymer modified binder to its normal semi solid state as it returns to ambient temperature; this is a natural result of the cooling of the hot polymer modified bitumen after application and thus not addressed here.
The nomenclature of polymer modified bitumen comprises the nominal penetration range and the minimum softening point, e.g. PMB 45/80 60.

This European Standard provides a framework for specifying a range of properties and relevant test methods for bitumens, which are suitable for use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas, together with requirements for assessment and verification of constancy of performance.
This European Standard does not directly address ‘cohesion, adhesion and setting ability’ (see Introduction).
NOTE   Although industrial bitumens are specified according to EN 13305, it is underlined that paving grade bitumens, specified according to this European Standard, can also be used for industrial applications.

This EN specifies a method for determining the tensile properties of a bituminous binder, in particular those of polymer-modified bitumens by means of a force ductility test.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the consistency of bitumen and bituminous binders. Normal procedure is described for penetrations up to 330 × 0,1 mm, but for penetrations above this value, up to 500 × 0,1 mm, different operating parameters are necessary.
WARNING — Use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This part of EN 12607 specifies a method for measuring the combined effects of heat and air on a thin moving film of bitumen or bituminous binder simulating the hardening which most bituminous binders undergo during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant.
The method described is not applicable to some modified binders or to those where the viscosity is too high to provide a moving film. In some cases the sample may creep out of the glass container and flow on the heating elements of the oven during testing. The method is suitable for other bituminous binders than paving grade bitumen, but the reference temperature might give excessive hardening that do not resemble real conditions during mixing at the plant. The method may not represent the hardening that occurs during mixing of warm mix binders.
The method is referred to as RTFOT, i.e. Rolling Thin Film Oven Test.
WARNING - Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
If there is a likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure should not be used. It should not be used for cutback bitumen or bituminous emulsions before these products have been stabilized, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074 2.

This European Standard specifies an accelerated ageing/conditioning procedure for bitumen, bituminous binders and bituminous mastics. The procedure involves rotating cylinder ageing (RCA), i.e binder ageing at moderate temperatures in a large cylinder rotating in an oven under oxygen flow conditions. Prior to long-term ageing with this method, samples are prepared in the condition they would be applied to the road.
This method is also applicable to modified binders and bituminous mastics.
NOTE   For binders used in hot asphalt applications pre-conditioning of the sample would typically be by one of the methods given in EN 12607-1 or EN 12607-2 or directly in the RCAT cylinder to an equivalent ageing level. For binders used in bituminous emulsion and cut-back application, stabilising the sample would typically be by methods given in EN 14895. For bituminous emulsion, stabilising the sample can also be realised directly in the RCAT cylinder under a nitrogen flow (quantity-temperature-time have still to be experienced).
WARNING — Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment, in particular, the use of a flow of oxygen as ageing atmosphere. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
If there is a likelihood that more than 1 % mass fraction in a binder of volatile components is present, this procedure must not be used.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the dynamic viscosity of bituminous binders by means of a vacuum capillary viscometer at 60 °C in a range between 0,003 6 Pa⋅s and 580 000 Pa⋅s. Other temperatures are possible if calibration constants are known. Bituminous emulsions are not within the scope of this method.
NOTE 1   Emulsions containing bituminous binders are not considered to be covered by this method. This method can be used for stabilized and/or recovered binders obtained from emulsions.
NOTE 2   The viscosity behaviour of some polymer modified bitumens (PMB) is not demonstrated in a vacuum capillary viscometer. Other methods are more relevant.
WARNING - Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the kinematic viscosity of bituminous binders at 60 °C and 135 °C, in a range from 6 mm2/s to 300 000 mm2/s. Other temperatures are possible if calibration constants are known. Bituminous emulsions are not covered within the scope of this method.
NOTE   Emulsions containing bituminous binders are not considered to be covered by this method. The method can be used for recovered and/or stabilized binders  obtained from emulsions.
Results for this method can be used to calculate dynamic viscosity when the density of the test material is known or can be determined.
WARNING - Use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures  to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the flexural creep stiffness of bituminous binders in the range of 30 MPa to 1 GPa by means of the bending beam rheometer.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies an accelerated ageing/conditioning procedure for bituminous binders. The procedure involves ageing trays of binder at elevated temperatures under pressurised conditions in a pressure ageing vessel (PAV).
NOTE   For binders to be used in hot asphalt applications, the pre-conditioning of the sample would typically be done using one of the methods in the EN 12607 series. For binders to be used in bituminous emulsion and cut-back or fluxed applications, the stabilising of the sample should be such that there are no volatiles remaining.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment, in particular, the use of a high pressure ageing vessel. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. If there is the likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure shall not be used.

This European standard specifies a number of methods using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) capable of measuring the rheological properties of bituminous binders. The procedure involves determining the complex shear modulus and phase angle of binders over a range of test frequencies and test temperatures when tested in oscillatory shear.
From the test, the norm of the complex shear modulus, IG*I, and its phase angle, δ, at a given temperature and frequency can be calculated, as well as the components G', G'', J' and J'' of the complex shear modulus and of the complex compliance.
This method is applicable to un-aged, aged and recovered bituminous binders, cut-backs and bituminous binders stabilised from emulsions.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the Fracture Toughness temperature, TFT, of bituminous binders by means of a three point bending test on a notched binder sample.
WARNING - The use of this Technical Specification can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This Technical Specification does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this Technical Specification to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For environmental reasons, it is recommended to limit the use of products, solvents and energy to minimum in order to reduce the emissions to air, water and soil.

This document describes the determination of the EquiViscous Temperature (EVT) of bitumen or bituminous binder samples, based on a defined, practice related Low Shear Viscosity (LSV), using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) in low frequency oscillation mode.
The EquiViscous Temperature (EVT) measured by this binder test is seen as a performance indicator for the partial contribution of the bituminous binder to the rutting resistance of the compacted asphalt mixture under service conditions at elevated pavement temperatures.
The test method described in this document is applicable to unaged, aged and recovered bituminous binders including Polymer Modified Binders (PMBs).
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Since this document involves handling apparatus and binders at high temperatures, always wear protective gloves and eye glasses when handling hot binder, and avoid contact with any exposed skin.

TC 336/WG 1 has agreed to produce a Technical Report (CEN-TR) to summarise and illustrate the ongoing work in the standardisation area with reference to the process of developing from traditional "empirical" based specifications to new "performance-related" specifications for paving bitumens, as required by the Mandate M/124. It was decided that it would be better to maintain such a report as an ‘informative’ document, which can be regularly amended and updated by TC 336/WG 1 as appropriate.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the dynamic viscosity of a modified bituminous binder over a range of temperatures by means of a cone and plate viscometer. Although the method has been developed for modified binders, it is also suitable for other bituminous binders.
NOTE   Unlike penetration grade bitumen, polymer modified bitumens (PMBs) may not show a straight line on the Heukelom-Diagram. This implies that in order to obtain information about the temperature susceptibility of PMBs, viscosity should be measured at different temperatures.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the tensile properties of a bituminous binder, in particular those of polymer-modified bitumens by means of a force ductility test.
The work done during the force ductility test is a criterion for assessing the quality of these materials.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the dynamic viscosity of a variety of bituminous binders: modified and unmodified bituminous binders, bituminous emulsions, cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders, by means of a coaxial viscometer.
Standard application temperatures are quoted, although the dynamic viscosity can be measured at other temperatures if required. Similarly, viscosity is quoted at standard rates of shear, although additional measures can be taken at varying shear rates if required.
WARNING  The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the storage stability at high temperatures.
NOTE   Modified bitumen and, in particular, polymer-modified bitumen, which consist of mainly bitumen and at least one additional agent, are known to display phase separation under certain conditions.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the elastic recovery of bituminous binders in a ductilometer at the test temperature (typically 25 °C or 10 °C; other temperatures can be used).
It is especially applicable to bituminous binders modified with thermoplastic elastomers, but can also be used with other bituminous binders which generate only small recovery.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the cohesion of bituminous binders at temperatures in the range of (-10 oC) to 80 °C and for expressing the relationship between cohesion and temperature.
This method is applicable for pure bitumen, modified bitumen and fluxed bitumen; in the case of fluxed bitumen, the test can be performed on the binder containing fluxant or on binder from which the solvent has been removed. For bitumen emulsions, the test is carried out on the residual binder obtained after recovery and the method used to recover the binder should be reported.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the loss in mass of industrial bitumen after heating. The method is used to detect volatile components.
NOTE   The users of the method are encouraged to gather comparative information on binders using this standard, EN 13303 and EN 12607-2 at 163 °C to facilitate the withdrawal of EN 13303 at the next systematic review.
WARNING — The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the tensile properties of a bituminous binder, in particular those of a polymer modified bitumen, by means of a tensile test.
NOTE The tensile properties, more particularly the tensile stress, the elongation and energy, at the yield point and on fracture, are customarily used as a criterion for assessing the quality of these materials.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.