EN 1007-3:2002

Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcement - Part 3: Determination of filament diameter and cross-section area

This part of EN 1007 specifies three methods for the determination of the diameter and cross-section area of ceramic single filament, as used in fibre reinforcement of ceramic composites. Note: The cross-sectional area of filaments from different suppliers will vary significantly. The term "diameter" applies both to circular cross-section ("true diameter") and non-circular cross-sections ("apparent diameter").

Hochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe - Verfahren zur Prüfung der Faserverstärkungen - Teil 3: Bestimmung des Faserdurchmessers und -querschnitts

Dieser Teil von EN 1007 legt die Bedingungen für drei Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Durchmessers und der Querschnittsfläche einer keramischen Einzelfaser, wie sie zur Faserverstärkung keramischer Verbundwerkstoffe genutzt wird, fest.
ANMERKUNG   Die Querschnittsfläche der Fasern von verschiedenen Herstellern schwankt beträchtlich. Der Begriff "Durchmesser" wird sowohl auf kreisförmige Querschnitte ("wahrer Durchmesser") als auch für nicht-kreisförmige Querschnitte ("scheinbarer Durchmesser") angewendet.

Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques composites - Méthodes d'essai pour renforts - Partie 3: Détermination du diamètre et de la surface de la section transversale des filaments

La présente partie de l'EN 1007 spécifie trois méthodes d'essai pour la détermination du diamètre et de la surface de la section transversale des filaments de céramique utilisés comme renforts des composites céramiques.
NOTE   La forme de la section transversale des filaments peut varier de façon significative d'un fabricant à l'autre. Le terme " diamètre " s'applique à la fois aux filaments dont la section est circulaire (" diamètre vrai ") et aux filaments dont la section n'est pas circulaire (" diamètre apparent ").

Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcement - Part 3: Determination of filament diameter and cross-section area

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-Sep-2002
• ICS: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 184 - Advanced technical ceramics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 184/SC 1 - Ceramic composites
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 01-Apr-2025
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Mandate: M/BC/CEN/90/4 - Request concerning the realisation of a standardization programme in the field of advanced technical ceramics
• Ref Project: SIST EN 1007-3:2004 - Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcement - Part 3: Determination of filament diameter and cross-section area

Relations

• Replaces: ENV 1007-3:1993 - Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcements - Part 3: Determination of filament diameter
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Overview

EN 1007-3:2002 is a CEN standard for advanced technical ceramics that defines test methods to determine the diameter and cross‑sectional area of single ceramic filaments used as fibre reinforcement in ceramic composites. The standard covers three measurement techniques (optical and laser-based), sampling rules and reporting requirements. Note: “diameter” covers both true diameter (circular cross‑section) and apparent diameter (non‑circular shapes).

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and sampling
  • Applies to single ceramic filaments from multifilament tows; sample size: 25 filaments taken at random from each sample unit.
• Three measurement methods
  • Method A - Longitudinal profile (optical microscopy):
    • Measures filament diameter from a longitudinal view using a micrometer eyepiece and stage movement.
    • Requires high magnification (≈1 000×) and immersion medium with refractive index 1.43–1.53 (e.g., cedar oil).
    • Calibration with a traceable stage micrometer is mandatory.
  • Method B - Transverse section (optical microscopy + planimetry/image analysis):
    • Filament tow is embedded in resin, polished normal to filament axis; cross‑sectional area is measured by planimeter or image analyzer.
    • Typical magnification 1 000–1 500×; use of polarized light may improve contrast.
    • Equivalent diameter computed from area (d = 2·sqrt(S/π)).
  • Method C - Laser interferometry (laser diffraction):
    • Uses diffraction fringe spacing from a low‑power laser to calculate the apparent diameter.
    • Apparatus includes laser, screen and precise specimen‑to‑screen distance (D); example laser: He–Ne 632.8 nm (note in standard).
• Calculations & calibration
  • The standard specifies calibration procedures, conversion formulas and measurement precision expectations for each method.
• Test report content
  • Required items include test lab, date, reference to EN 1007-3, filament type/batch, chosen method (A, B or C), number measured, mean diameter/area and ranges, and any comments.

Applications and users

• Who uses it:
  • Materials testing laboratories, ceramic fibre manufacturers, composite component producers, quality control and R&D teams.
• Why it matters:
  • Ensures reproducible, comparable filament size data for design, modelling and quality assurance of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs).
  • Helps specify reinforcement geometry for mechanical property prediction, process control and supplier qualification.

Related standards

• EN 1007 series (other parts):
  • EN 1007-1 – Size content
  • EN 1007-2 – Linear density
  • EN 1007-4/5/6 – Tensile properties and distribution tests (related methods for filaments)
• Organization: Published by CEN (European Committee for Standardization).

Keywords: EN 1007-3:2002, ceramic composites, filament diameter, cross‑section area, laser interferometry, optical microscopy, longitudinal profile, transverse section, fibre reinforcement, CEN standard.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2004
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ENV 1007-3:2000
Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for
reinforcement - Part 3: Determination of filament diameter and cross-section area
Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcement -
Part 3: Determination of filament diameter and cross-section area
Hochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe - Verfahren zur Prüfung der
Faserverstärkungen - Teil 3: Bestimmung des Faserdurchmessers und -querschnitts
Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques composites - Méthodes d'essai pour
renforts - Partie 3: Détermination du diametre et de la surface de la section transversale
des filaments
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1007-3:2002
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1007-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2002
ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes ENV 1007-3:1993
English version
Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods
of test for reinforcement - Part 3: Determination of filament
diameter and cross-section area
Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques Hochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe -
composites - Méthodes d'essai pour renforcements - Partie Verfahren zur Prüfung der Faserverstärkungen - Teil 3:
3: Détermination du diamètre des filaments Bestimmung des Faserdurchmessers und -querschnitts
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 July 2002.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1007-3:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Principle .4
3 Sampling .4
4 Longitudinal profile method (Method A).4
4.1 Introduction .4
4.2 Apparatus.4
4.3 Calibration.5
4.4 Procedure.5
4.5 Calculation of results.5
5 Transverse section method (Method B).6
5.1 Introduction .6
5.2 Apparatus.6
5.3 Sample preparation.6
5.4 Procedure.6
5.5 Calculation of results.6
6 Laser interferometry method (Method C).7
6.1 Introduction .7
6.2 Apparatus.7
6.3 Sample preparation.7
6.4 Procedure.8
6.5 Calculation of results.9
7 Test report.9
Foreword
This document (EN 1007-3:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 "Advanced technical
ceramics", the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by March 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
March 2003.
This document supersedes ENV 1007-3:1993.
EN 1007 has six parts:
EN 1007-1 Part 1: Determination of size content.
EN 1007-2 Part 2: Determination of linear density.
EN 1007-3 Part 3: Determination of filament diameter and cross-section area.
prEN 1007-4 Part 4: Determination of tensile properties of filament at ambient temperature.
prEN 1007-5 Part 5: Determination of distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of
filaments within a multifilament tow at ambient temperature.
ENV 1007-6 Part 6: Determination of tensile properties of filament at high temperature.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This part of the European Standard specifies the conditions for the determination of the diameter and cross-section
area of ceramic single filament, as used in fibre reinforcement of ceramic composites for three methods.
NOTE The cross-sectional area of filaments from different suppliers will vary significantly. The term “diameter” applies both
to circular cross-section (“true diameter”) and non-circular cross-sections (“apparent diameter”).
2 Principle
The diameter and cross-section area of the ceramic filament may be measured by three methods, as follows:
a) the longitudinal profile method (Method A), whic
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