CEN/TS 12390-9:2006
(Main)Testing hardened concrete - Part 9: Freeze-thaw resistance - Scaling
Testing hardened concrete - Part 9: Freeze-thaw resistance - Scaling
This Technical Specification describes the testing of the freeze-thaw scaling resistance of concrete both with water and with sodium chloride solution. It can be used either to compare new constituents or new concrete compositions against a constituent or a concrete composition that is known to give adequate performance in the local environment or to assess the test results against some absolute numerical values based on local experiences.
Extrapolation of test results to assess different concretes i.e. new constituents or new concrete compositions, requires an expert evaluation.
NOTE In some cases the test methods may not be suitable for testing special concretes e.g. high strength concrete or permeable concrete. In these cases the result is to be treated with caution. These tests may not identify aggregates that are subject to occasional ‘pop-outs’.
There is no established correlation between the results obtained by the three test methods. All tests will clearly identify poor and good behaviour, but they differ in their assessment of marginal behaviour
There are two types of concrete deterioration when a freeze-thaw attack occurs, scaling and internal structural damage. Test methods on internal structural damage are described in a CEN Technical Report CEN/TR 15177 "Testing the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete - Internal structural damage".
Prüfung von Festbeton - Teil 9: Frost- und Frost-Tausalz-Widerstand - Abwitterung
Dieses Dokument beschreibt die Prüfung der Abwitterungsbeständigkeit von Beton unter Einwirkung von
Frost-Tau-Wechseln mit Wasser bzw. mit NaCl-Lösung. Es kann angewendet werden, um neue
Ausgangsstoffe oder neue Betonzusammensetzungen mit bekannten Ausgangsstoffen oder Betonzusammen-
setzungen, mit denen in der örtlichen Umgebung ein ausreichendes Verhalten sichergestellt wird, zu
vergleichen oder um die Prüfergebnisse mit Grenzwerten, die auf örtlichen Erfahrungen basieren, zu
vergleichen und zu bewerten.
Die Extrapolation der Prüfergebnisse zur Bewertung verschiedener Betonarten, d. h. mit neuen Bestandteilen
oder mit einer neuen Zusammensetzung, ist von einem Fachmann zu bewerten.
ANMERKUNG In einigen Fällen kann es vorkommen, dass die Prüfverfahren zur Prüfung besonderer Betonarten, wie
z. B. hochfesten Betons oder durchlässigen Betons, nicht geeignet sind. In diesen Fällen sind die Ergebnisse mit Vorsicht
zu behandeln. Diese Prüfungen geben unter Umständen keinen Hinweis auf Schäden - so genannte "pop-outsig ", die
gelegentlich durch das Abplatzen von oberflächennahen Gesteinskörnungen entstehen.
Es gibt keine feststehende Korrelation zwischen den Ergebnissen aus den drei Prüfverfahren. Alle
Prüfverfahren ermöglichen die deutliche Unterscheidung zwischen schlechtem und gutem Verhalten. Sie
unterscheiden sich jedoch in der Bewertung des Verhaltens in Grenzfällen.
Beim Auftreten eines Frostangriffes gibt es zwei Arten der Betonschädigung: das oberflächige Abwittern und
die innere Gefügestörung. Das Prüfverfahren für die innere Gefügestörung wird in einem Technischen Bericht
CEN/TR 15177 "Prüfung des Frost-Tauwiderstandes von Beton " Innere Gefügestörungis behandelt.ehandeln.
Preskušanje strjenega betona – 9. del: Odpornost proti zmrzovanju/tajanju – Luščenje
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2006
3UHVNXãDQMHVWUMHQHJDEHWRQD± GHO 2GSRUQRVWSURWL]PU]RYDQMXWDMDQMX±
/XãþHQMH
Testing hardened concrete - Part 9: Freeze-thaw resistance - Scaling
Prüfung von Festbeton - Teil 9: Frost- und Frost-Tausalz-Widerstand - Abwitterung
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 12390-9:2006
ICS:
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 12390-9
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
May 2006
ICS 91.100.30
English Version
Testing hardened concrete - Part 9: Freeze-thaw resistance -
Scaling
Prüfung von Festbeton - Teil 9: Frost- und Frost-Tausalz-
Widerstand - Abwitterung
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 25 June 2005 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 12390-9:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
Foreword.3
Introduction.4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Making of test specimens .6
5 Slab test (reference method) .6
5.1 Principle.6
5.2 Equipment.6
5.3 Preparation of test specimens .7
5.4 Test procedure.9
5.5 Expression of results .10
5.6 Test report.11
5.7 Alternative applications.11
6 Cube test (alternative method).12
6.1 Principle.12
6.2 Equipment.12
6.3 Preparation of test specimen .13
6.4 Test procedure.14
6.5 Expression of the results.15
6.6 Test report.16
6.7 Alternative applications.16
7 CF/CDF-test (alternative method).17
7.1 Principle.17
7.2 Equipment.17
7.3 Preparation of test specimens .19
7.4 Test procedure.19
7.5 Expression of test results.21
7.6 Test report.21
7.7 Alternative applications.22
8 Precision data.22
Bibliography.24
Foreword
This Technical specification (CEN/TS 12390-9:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51
"Cement and building limes", the secretariat of which is held by IBN.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Introduction
Concrete structures exposed to the effects of freezing and thawing need to be durable, to have an adequate
resistance to this action and, in cases such as road construction, to freezing and thawing in the presence of de-
icing agents. It is desirable, especially in the case of new constituents or new concrete compositions, to test for
such properties. This also applies to concrete mixes, concrete products, precast concrete, concrete members or
concrete in situ.
Many different test methods have been developed. No single test method can completely reproduce the conditions
in the field in all individual cases. Nevertheless, any method should at least correlate to the practical situation and
give consistent results. Such a test method may not be suitable for deciding whether the resistance is adequate in
a specific instance but will provide data of the resistance of the concrete to freeze-thaw-attack and freeze-thaw-
attack in the presence of de-icing agents.
If the concrete has inadequate resistance then the freeze-thaw attack can lead to two different types of damage,
namely to scaling (surface weathering) and to internal structural damage. This part of this standard covers only
testing for scaling resistance.
This Technical Specification has one reference method and two alternative methods. For routine testing either the
reference method or one of the two alternative methods may be used with the agreement of the parties involved. In
case of doubt, and if there is no such agreement, the reference method is used.
The application of limiting values will require the establishment of the correlation between laboratory results and
field experience. Due to the nature of the freeze-thaw action, such correlation would have to be established in
accordance with local conditions.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification describes the testing of the freeze-thaw scaling resistance of concrete both with water
and with sodium chloride solution. It can be used either to compare new constituents or new concrete compositions
against a constituent or a concrete composition that is known to give adequate performance in the local
environment or to assess the test results against some absolute numerical values based on local experiences.
Extrapolation of test results to assess different concretes i.e. new constituents or new concrete compositions,
requires an expert evaluation.
NOTE In some cases the test methods may not be suitable for testing special concretes e.g. high strength concrete or
permeable concrete. In these cases the result is to be treated with caution. These tests may not identify aggregates that are
subject to occasional ‘pop-outs’.
There is no established correlation between the results obtained by the three test methods. All tests will clearly
identify poor and good behaviour, but they differ in their assessment of marginal behaviour
There are two types of concrete deterioration when a freeze-thaw attack occurs, scaling and internal structural
damage. Test methods on internal structural damage are described in a CEN Technical Report CEN/TR 15177
"Testing the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete - Internal structural damage".
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete — Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests.
ISO 5725 (all parts), Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results.
EN 60751, Industrial platinum resistance thermometer sensors (IEC 60751:1983 + A1:1986).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
Freeze-thaw resistance
resistance against alternating freezing and thawing in the presence of water alone
3.2
Freeze-thaw resistance with de-icing salt
resistance against alternating freezing and thawing in the presence of de-icing salt
3.3
Scaling
loss of material at the surface of concrete due to freeze-thaw attack
3.4
Internal structural damage
cracks inside concrete which cannot be seen on the surface, but which lead to an alteration of concrete properties,
e. g. reduction of the dynamic modulus of elasticity
4 Making of test specimens
Except where details are specified in Clauses 5, 6 and 7 (e. g. the curing) prepare the test specimens in
accordance with EN 12390-2. Concrete that requires vibrating for compaction is compacted on a vibrating table.
The prestorage conditions concerning temperature and moisture are documented.
The maximum aggregate size Dmax is restricted to one third of the mould length.
5 Slab test (reference method)
5.1 Principle
Slab specimens, sawn from concrete test specimens (Figure 1), are subjected to freeze-thaw attack in presence of
a 3 mm deep layer of de-ionised water or 3% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The freeze-thaw resistance is
evaluated by the measurement of mass scaled from slab after 56 freeze-thaw cycles.
5.2 Equipment
5.2.1 Equipment for making 150 mm concrete cubes according to EN 12390-2.
5.2.2 Climate controlled room or chamber with a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and an evaporation of (45 ± 15)
g/(m² h). Normally this is obtained with a wind velocity < 0,1 m/s and a relative humidity of (65 ± 5) %. The
evaporation is measured from a bowl with a depth of approximately 40 mm and a cross section area of (225 ±
25) cm . The bowl is filled up to (10 ± 1) mm from the brim.
5.2.3 Diamond saw for concrete cutting.
5.2.4 Rubber sheet, (3 ± 0,5) mm thick which is resistant to the salt solution used and elastic down to a
temperature of –27 °C.
5.2.5 Adhesive for gluing the rubber sheet to the concrete specimen. The adhesive is resistant to the
environment in question.
NOTE Contact adhesive has proved to be suitable.
5.2.6 Expanded Polystyrene cellular plastic, (20 ± 1) mm thick with a density of (18 ± 2) kg/m or alternative
thermal insulation with at least a heat conductivity of 0,036 W/(m⋅K).
5.2.7 Polyethylene sheet, 0,1 mm to 0,2 mm thick.
5.2.8 Freezing medium, consisting either of 97 % by mass of tap water and 3 % by mass of NaCl (for test with
de-icing salt) or of de-ionised water only (for test without de-icing salt).
5.2.9 Fr
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.