CEN/TC 51 - Cement and building limes

This document specifies the scheme for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of hydraulic road binders, including certification of conformity of the factory production control.
This document provides technical rules for factory production control, testing of samples taken at the manufacturing plant (autocontrol testing), assessment of the performance of the hydraulic road binder, initial inspection of the manufacturing plant and of factory production control and continuing surveillance, assessment and evaluation of factory production control.
The guidelines given in the Technical Report CEN/TR 14245 [5] contain information for the application of this document.
NOTE   In the context of this document the term, “construction product” refers to hydraulic road binder.

This document deals with the adaption of existing test methods and equipment to provide a repeatable and reproducible means of assessing the workability ("cohesivity") imparted to mortar by masonry cements.

This document specifies cement with recycled concrete fines whose intended use is the preparation of concrete, mortar, grout, etc.

The general scope of the core product category rules (PCR) is given in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, Clause 1.
This PCR is primarily intended for the creation of cradle-to-gate EPDs of cement and building lime.
In other respects, the scope is as in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.

This document specifies the test methods for all building limes covered by EN 459 1. They can also be applied to other lime materials, the standards for which call up these methods.
This document specifies in Table 2 the methods used for the chemical analyses and the determination of physical properties of building limes.
This document specifies the reference methods and, in certain cases, an alternative method which can be considered to be equivalent. In the case of a dispute, only the reference methods are used.
Any other methods may be used provided they are calibrated, either against the reference methods or against internationally accepted reference materials, in order to demonstrate their equivalence.

This document deals with Portland-composite cement CEM II/C-M, not covered by EN 197-1, and a different type of Composite cement CEM VI, also not covered by EN 197-1, whose intended use is the preparation of concrete, mortar, grout etc.
This document does not cover:
- common cement covered by EN 197-1;
- very low heat special cement covered by EN 14216;
- supersulfated cement covered by EN 15743;
- calcium aluminate cement covered by EN 14647;
- masonry cement covered by EN 413-1.

This document specifies the scheme for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of cements, including certification of constancy of performance.
The document provides technical rules for factory production control, further testing of samples taken at the manufacturing plant (autocontrol testing) and assessment of the performance of the cement, initial inspection of the manufacturing plant and of factory production control, continuing surveillance, assessment and evaluation of factory production control and audit-testing of samples. It also provides rules for actions to be followed in the event of non-conformity and requirements for depots.
In this document, the word "cement" is used to refer both to common cements as defined in EN 197 1 and to other cements and binders for which the relevant product specification standard makes reference to this document and which are submitted for certification. Such a cement is produced at a given factory and belongs to a particular type and a particular strength class, as defined and specified in the relevant product specification standard.
The guidelines given in the Technical Report CEN/TR 14245 [1] contain information for the application of this document.
This document is linked with the Annexes ZA of European Standards covering cements and binders, i.e. EN 197 1, EN 14216, EN 14647, EN 413 1 and EN 15743.
NOTE   The reason for having drafted this separate document is that the provisions it includes are applicable to different products covered by different European Standards.

This document specifies the apparatus and procedure for determining the heat of hydration of cements and other hydraulic binders at different test ages by isothermal conduction calorimetry.
This test procedure is intended for measuring the heat of hydration of cement up to 7 days in order to obtain correspondence between Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry (ICC) and EN 196 8 and EN 196 9. Nevertheless this test duration may be critical for some apparatus, even if they can work properly at shorter test ages.
Contrary to EN 196 8 this method gives the heat of hydration continuously over the time. Additionally, the heat flow versus time is given.

This document specifies the scheme for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of cements, including certification of constancy of performance.
The document provides technical rules for factory production control, further testing of samples taken at the manufacturing plant (autocontrol testing) and assessment of the performance of the cement, initial inspection of the manufacturing plant and of factory production control, continuing surveillance, assessment and evaluation of factory production control and audit-testing of samples. It also provides rules for actions to be followed in the event of non-conformity and requirements for depots.
In this document, the word “cement” is used to refer both to common cements as defined in EN 197 1 and to other cements and binders for which the relevant product specification standard makes reference to this document and which are submitted for certification. Such a cement is produced at a given factory and belongs to a particular type and a particular strength class, as defined and specified in the relevant product specification standard.
The guidelines given in the Technical Report CEN/TR 14245 contain information for the application of this document.
This document is linked with Annexes ZA of European Standards covering cements and binders, i.e. EN 197 1, EN 14216, EN 14647, EN 413 1 and EN 15743.
NOTE   The reason for having drafted this separate document is that the provisions it includes are applicable to different products covered by different European Standards.
Guidance
EN 197 2 deals with the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of cements and binders that are submitted for certification. It deals in particular with cases where “further testing” of the product is undertaken, as is the case for attestation system 1+ under the Construction Products Regulation. The products for which EN 197 2 is applicable are: the common cement products and the low heat cements and the sulfate resisting cements, refer to EN 197 1, the very low heat special cements, refer to EN 14216, the supersulfated cements, refer to EN 15743, the calcium aluminate cements, refer to EN 14647, and the masonry cements, refer to EN 413 1.

This European Standard describes three methods of determining the fineness of cement.
The sieving method serves only to demonstrate the presence of coarse cement particles. This method is primarily suited to checking and controlling the production process.
The air-jet sieving method measures the retention on sieving and is suitable for particles which substantially pass a 2,0 mm test sieve. It may be used to determine the particle size distribution of agglomerates of very fine particles. This method may be used with test sieves in a range of aperture sizes, e.g. 63 μm and 90 μm.
The air permeability method (Blaine) measures the specific surface area (mass related surface area) by comparison with a reference material sample. The determination of the specific surface area serves primarily to check the consistency of the grinding process of one and the same plant. This method only enables a limited assessment of the properties of the cement in use.
NOTE   The air permeability method may not give significant results for cements containing ultrafine materials.
The methods are applicable to all the cements defined in EN 197.

This document describes the analytical procedures used to determine the content of C3A in the clinker starting from a chemical analysis on cement. The method can be applied to CEM type I and IV for the determination of the requirement of C3A, as defined on EN 197 1.
This document describes two methods, traditional wet and XRF analysis (EN 196 2), which can be considered to be equivalent, in the scope of this CEN/TR 17365, for the determination of Al2O3, Fe2O3 and SO3.
The same methods are described in EN 196 2, but for the scope of this document, the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the preferred method to be used for the determination of Al2O3, Fe2O3 and SO3.

This European Standard specifies methods for the determination of the total organic carbon content (TOC) in limestone.
The standard describes the reference method and alternative methods which can be considered to be equivalent.
In the case of a dispute, only the reference method is used.
Any other methods may be used provided they are calibrated, either against the reference method or against internationally accepted reference materials, in order to demonstrate their equivalence.

This European Standard defines and gives the specifications of six distinct very low heat special cement products and their constituents. The definition of each cement includes the proportions in which the constituents are to be combined to produce these distinct products in a single strength class having a limited heat of hydration value. The definition also includes requirements the constituents have to meet and the mechanical, physical, chemical and heat of hydration requirements for these products. This European Standard also states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability requirements are also given.
In addition to the specified requirements, an exchange of additional information between the cement producer and user can be helpful. The procedures for such an exchange are not within the scope of this European Standard but should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.
NOTE 1   The word "cement" in this European Standard is used to refer to very low heat special cement unless otherwise indicated.
NOTE 2   The risk of early-age thermal cracking in concrete depends upon the properties and execution and is, therefore, also dependent on factors other than the heat of hydration of the cement.

This European Standard applies to building lime used for:
-   preparation of binder for mortar (for example for masonry, rendering and plastering);
-   production of other construction products (for example calcium silicate bricks, autoclaved aerated concrete, concrete, etc.);
-   civil engineering applications (for example soil treatment, asphalt mixtures, etc.).
It gives definitions for the different types of building lime and their classification. It also gives requirements for their chemical and physical properties which depend on the type of building lime and specifies the conformity criteria.
Terms of delivery or other contractual conditions, normally included in documents exchanged between the supplier and the purchaser of building lime, are outside the scope of this European Standard.

This Technical Specification describes the testing of the freeze-thaw scaling resistance of concrete both with water and with sodium chloride solution. It can be used either to compare new constituents or new concrete compositions against a constituent or a concrete composition that is known to give adequate performance in the local environment or to assess the test results against some absolute numerical values based on local experiences.
Extrapolation of test results to assess different concretes, i.e. new constituents or new concrete compositions, requires an expert evaluation.
NOTE   In some cases the test methods may not be suitable for testing special concretes e.g. high strength concrete or permeable concrete. In these cases the result needs to be treated with caution. Also, the testing methods included in this document may not identify aggregates that are subject to occasional ‘pop-outs’.
There is no established correlation between the results obtained by the three test methods. All tests will clearly identify poor and good behaviour, but they differ in their assessment of marginal behaviour. The application of different acceptance limits for test results enables assessment for different degrees of exposure severity. Change of parameters of the testing procedure may have artefacts, some of which explained in Annex A.

This part of EN 196 specifies the method for the determination of the water-soluble chromium (VI) content of cement.
A reference method is described consisting of two stages, an extraction procedure and an analysis of the filtered extract. Guidance on other extraction procedures, suitable for screening tests, for factory production control or other purposes, is given but in case of dispute or failure to comply with a regulatory limit only the reference method is used. The reference method has alternatives whereby the filtered extract may be subjected to an oxidation step or not. The criteria by which the appropriate procedure is selected are set down. Other instrumental procedures may be used for the analysis of the filtered extract provided they are calibrated against the analysis of the filtered extract using the reference procedure. In the case of a dispute, only the reference method is used.
Annex A sets out a normative procedure to be followed in case this test method is used as the basis for evaluation of conformity of a cement with the regulatory limit in Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 .
This part of EN 196 describes a method that applies to cements. It may have wider applicability but this would need to be verified by testing on a product-by-product basis. Guidance in the possible application of this European Standard to the determination of the water-soluble chromium (VI) content of cement-containing preparations is given in Annex B.
Annexes C and D provide information on other test procedures based on paste extraction and thus depart from the performance of cement in its normal conditions of use. They may be carried out with or without the oxidation process. Users should be aware that results using these methods might be significantly different to those obtained by the reference method. In the case of dispute or failure to comply with the regulatory limit only the reference method is used.
Annex E provides guidance on a method for determination of the excess reducing agent content of cement as used in the factory internal control system of some countries. Manufacturers using such an internal control method should ensure themselves of the relevance of results in comparison with testing by the reference method.

This European Standard specifies the methods for determining standard consistence, setting times and soundness of cements.
The method applies to common cements and to other cements and materials, the standards for which call up this method. It may not apply to other cement types that have, for example, a very short initial setting time. The method is used for assessing whether the setting time and soundness of a cement is in conformity with its specification.
This part of EN 196 describes the reference methods and allows the use of alternative procedures and equipment, as indicated in notes, provided that they have been calibrated against the reference methods. In the event of a dispute, only the reference equipment and procedures are used.

This part of EN 196 describes the method for the determination of the compressive and, optionally, the flexural strength of cement mortar. The method applies to common cements and to other cements and materials, the standards for which call up this method. It may not apply to other cement types that have, for example, a very short initial setting time.
The method is used for assessing whether the compressive strength of cement is in conformity with its specification and for validation testing of a CEN Standard sand, EN 196 1, or alternative compaction equipment.
This part of EN 196 describes the reference equipment and procedure and allows alternative compaction equipment and procedures to be used provided that they have been validated in accordance with the appropriate provisions in this document. In the event of a dispute, only the reference equipment and procedure are used.

This draft European Standard describes reference and alternative test methods to be used when testing masonry cements to assess their conformity to EN 413 1. It gives the tests on fresh mortar for consistence, water retention and air content.
In the event of a dispute, only the reference methods are used.

This CEN Technical Report provides guidance for the procedure to be followed in order to support the European standardization of new cements that are not covered by an existing European Standard.
The term 'new cement' has been used in this document to describe its primary focus, however, this same guideline procedure may be used for other products to be standardized by CEN/TC 51.

This European Standard specifies the scheme for the attestation and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of building limes to their corresponding product standard EN 459 1. It provides rules for surveillance, assessment and evaluation of the factory production control and rules for the frequency of inspections.
The European Standard specifies technical rules for factory production control by the manufacturer, including autocontrol testing of samples. It also provides rules for actions to be followed in the event of non-conformity and requirements for dispatching centres.

This European Standard defines and gives the specifications for normal hardening hydraulic road binders, produced in a factory and supplied ready for treatment of materials for bases, sub-bases and capping layers as well as earthworks, in road, railway, airport and other types of infrastructures.
It includes the mechanical, physical and chemical requirements and the classification of these binders based on their compressive strength at 56 days. It also includes the conformity criteria and evaluation procedures to be applied by the manufacturer.

This European Standard defines and gives the specifications of supersulfated cement and its constituents. The definition of supersulfated cement includes the proportions in which the constituents are to be combined to produce products in accordance with this standard. The definition also includes requirements the constituents have to meet and the mechanical, physical, chemical including heat of hydration requirements. This standard also states the conformity criteria and the related rules.
NOTE 1   In addition to the specified requirements, an exchange of additional information between the cement manufacturer and user may be helpful. The procedures for such an exchange are not within the scope of this standard but should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or regulations or may be agreed between the parties concerned.
NOTE 2     The word "cement" in this standard is used to refer only to supersulfated cement unless otherwise specified.

1   Basic principle and key points of ICC
1.1   Basic Principle
The test method is designed to measure the heat of hydration of cement when mixed with water. The measurement takes place at essentially constant temperature, if the instrument and the measurement are well designed, therefore it is assumed to be the "isothermal heat of hydration of cement".
An isothermal heat conduction calorimeter (here called calorimeter) consists of a thermostatic heat sink upon which two heat flow sensors are placed. The sample is placed in an ampoule that is placed in an ampoule holder that is in contact with one of the heat flow sensors, and an inert reference is placed in contact with the other. The sample ampoule and the reference ampoule are thermally connected by heat flow sensors to a thermostatic heat sink. The output from the calorimeter is the difference between the outputs from the sample heat flow sensor and the reference heat flow sensor. A general scheme of a heat conduction calorimeter is given in Figure 1.
However the actual design of an individual instrument, whether commercial or home-built, may vary.
(...)
Most part of the calorimeters can measure the heat of hydration of samples mixed outside from the instrument therefore the heat produced during the mixing is not measured. It is not easy to solve this problem designing a calorimeter provided with an internally mixing device having the proper efficacy.
1.2   Key points of ICC
When performing ICC measurements on cement samples some key points have to be considered and correctly managed:
-   Constant value of the temperature of the thermostat;
-   Stability of the temperature of the thermostat all over the test duration;
-   Control of the maximum difference between sample temperature and thermostat temperature (isothermal conditions);
-   The baseline of the instrument (measured with an inert sample of similar thermal properties of test sample) should be both repeatable and stable;
-   Calibration of the calorimeter. The method currently used is based on the joule effect produced by a resistor feed with an electrical current; no standard material for the calibration is available for the time being;
-   Check that the ampoule is vapour tight enough (so that endothermic thermal powers of evaporation do not influence the measurements).

This European Standard specifies the methods for the chemical analysis of cement.
This document describes the reference methods and, in certain cases, an alternative method which can be considered to be equivalent. In the case of a dispute, only the reference methods are used.
An alternative performance-based method using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is described for SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O5, Mn2O3, SrO, Cl and Br. When correctly calibrated according to the specified procedures and reference materials, it provides a method equivalent to the reference methods but has not been validated for use yet as a reference procedure for conformity and dispute purposes. It can be applied to other relevant elements when adequate calibrations have been established. This method is based on beads of fused sample and analytical validation using certified reference materials, together with performance criteria. A method based on pressed pellets of un-fused sample can be considered as equivalent, providing that the analytical performance satisfies the same criteria.
Any other methods may be used provided they are calibrated, either against the reference methods or against internationally accepted reference materials, in order to demonstrate their equivalence.
This document describes methods which apply principally to cements, but which can also be applied to their constituent materials. They can also be applied to other materials, the standards for which call up these methods. Standard specifications state which methods are to be used.

This European Standard defines and gives the specifications of 27 distinct common cements, 7 sulfate resisting common cements as well as 3 distinct low early strength blast furnace cements and 2 sulfate resisting low early strength blast furnace cements and their constituents. The definition of each cement includes the proportions in which the constituents are to be combined to produce these distinct products in a range of nine strength classes. The definition also includes requirements which the constituents have to meet. It also includes mechanical, physical, and chemical requirements. Furthermore, this standard states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability requirements are also given.
In addition to those sulfate resisting cements defined in the present document, other cements conforming either to this standard or to other standards, European or national, have been nationally demonstrated to have sulfate resisting properties. These cements which are listed in Annex A, are considered by different CEN Member countries as sulfate resisting within the limits of their territory.
NOTE 1   In addition to the specified requirements, an exchange of additional information between the cement manufacturer and user can be helpful. The procedures for such an exchange are not within the scope of this standard but should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.
NOTE 2   The word "cement" in EN 197-1 is used to refer only to common cements unless otherwise specified.
This European Standard does not cover:
-   very low heat special cement covered by EN 14216;
-   supersulfated cement covered by EN 15743;
-   calcium aluminate cement covered by EN 14647;
masonry cement covered by EN 413-1.

This European Standard defines and gives the specifications for rapid hardening hydraulic road binders, produced in a factory and supplied ready for treatment of materials for bases, sub-bases and capping layers as well as earthworks, in road, railway, airport and other types of infrastructure.
It includes the mechanical, physical and chemical requirements and the classification of these binders based on their compressive strength at 7 d and 28 d. It also includes the conformity criteria and evaluation procedures to be applied by the manufacturer.

This European Standard specifies the definition and composition of masonry cements as commonly used in Europe for the production of mortar for bricklaying and blocklaying and for rendering and plastering. It includes physical, mechanical and chemical requirements and defines strength classes. EN 413-1 also states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability requirements are also given.
NOTE   For normal applications the information given in EN 413-1, in EN 998-1 and in EN 998-2 is generally sufficient. However, in special cases, an exchange of additional information between the masonry cement producer and user can be helpful. The details of such an exchange are not within the scope of EN 413-1 but should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or other regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.

This European Standard specifies the method of measuring the pozzolanicity of pozzolanic cements conforming to [1] EN 197-1. This standard does not apply to Portland pozzolana cements or to pozzolanas.
This method constitutes the reference procedure.

This Technical Report describes a method for characterising the time-dependent leaching behaviour of components from hardened concrete, for use in the natural environment.
This method specifies the procedures for determining the controlling mechanism(s) for leaching of components, their effective diffusion coefficients, in the case of diffusion-control and their cumulative release behaviour over any period of time.
This characterisation method consists of two leaching test procedures.  A potential or availability (pulverised specimen) test and a diffusion (tank) [monolithic specimen] test.
The test procedures produce leachates, the analytical procedures for which are not included in this Technical Report.
This Technical Report does not comprise a compliance method.
NOTE 1   The information obtained from the method is quantitative.  In the absence, however, of similar information for other construction materials or compliance criteria for acceptable/unacceptable performance of hardened concrete, the data obtained with neither permit a relative nor an absolute assessment of the environmental quality/compatibility of the concrete, unless, by default, in the case where leached concentrations of environmentally significant components are at, or below, their analytical limits of detection.
NOTE 2   In principle, this method could be used to characterise the leaching behaviour of hardened concrete, irrespective of the exposure conditions (e.g. natural environment, contact with drinking water etc.) which the concrete would experience in service.  It should be noted, however, that a European standard test method for the extraction/migration of mineral micropollutants is also likely to be developed by CEN/TC 164 - Water supply.
NOTE 3   Analytical procedures for determining concentrations of components in leachates and which may be suitable for the purposes of this Technical Report are being developed by CEN/TC 292 - (...)

This European Standard applies to Hydraulic binder for non-structural applications in construction used as binder for preparation of mortar for masonry, rendering and plastering and other non structural construction products.
This European Standard specifies the definition and composition of Hydraulic binder for non-structural applications (HB). It includes physical, mechanical and chemical requirements and defines strength classes. EN 15368 also states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability requirements are also given.
NOTE   For normal applications the information given in this standard, and in the masonry specifications, EN 998-1 and EN 998-2, is generally sufficient. However, in special cases, an exchange of additional information between the producer and user can be helpful. The details of such an exchange are not within the scope of this standard but should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or other regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.
Terms of delivery or other contractual conditions, normally included in documents exchanged between the supplier and the purchaser of Hydraulic binder for non-structural applications, are outside the scope of this European Standard.

This European Standard describes a method of determining the heat of hydration of cements by means of solution calorimetry, also known as the solution method. The heat of hydration is expressed in joules per gram of cement.
This standard is applicable to cements and hydraulic binders whatever their chemical composition.
NOTE 1   Another procedure, called the semi-adiabatic method, is described in EN 196-9. Either procedure can be used independently.
NOTE 2   It has been demonstrated that the best correlation between the two methods is obtained at seven days for the solution method (EN 196-8) compared with 41 h for the semi-adiabatic method (EN 196-9).

This European Standard describes a method of measuring the heat of hydration of cements by means of semi-adiabatic calorimetry, also known as the Langavant method. The aim of the test is the continuous measurement of the heat of hydration of cement during the first few days. The heat of hydration is expressed in joules per gram of cement.
This standard is applicable to all cements and hydraulic binders, whatever their chemical composition, with the exception of quick-setting cements.
NOTE 1   An alternative procedure, called the solution method, is described in EN 196-8. Either procedure can be used independently.
NOTE 2   It has been demonstrated that the best correlation between the two methods is obtained at 41 h for the semi-adiabatic method (EN 196-9) compared with seven days for the heat of solution method (EN 196-8).

This European Standard describes the equipment to be used, the methods to be followed and the provisions for taking samples of cement, representative of given lots for testing, to assess the quality of products prior to, during or after delivery.
The provisions of this standard are only applicable when samples of cement are:
a)   required for evaluating the conformity of a cement at any time with a standard; or
b)   requested for checking a delivery or a lot with a standard, the provisions of a contract or the specification in an order.
The standard is applicable to the taking of samples of all types of cements defined by European Standards for cements whether they are:
c)   contained in silos;
d)   contained in bags, canisters, drums or any other packages;
e)   transported in bulk in road vehicles, railway wagons, ships, etc.
NOTE   The requirements of this standard can also, by agreement between the parties, be followed for acceptance inspections for all non-standardized hydraulic binders.

This document outlines three test methods.  The first is designed to test the constituents of concrete, not designated as WT products, using reference concrete matrices (control mixes and test mixes) wherein the release of (regulated) dangerous substances from the constituent under test, into soil, groundwater or surface water, can be determined.  The types of constituent which can be tested using this method are as follows:
a)   factory-made cements;
b)   aggregates;
c)   additions type I;
d)   additions type II;
e)   admixtures;
f)   polymer modifiers;
g)   fibres.
The second method, in normative Annex A, is designed to test factory made concrete products, not designated as WT products, as either test pieces sawn or cored from pre-hardened monoliths or as standard-sized moulded test pieces formed from proxy samples of fresh wet material taken from concrete used in the production of factory made items.
The third method, in informative Annex B, is designed to test concretes sampled in the fresh wet state or pre-packaged state, not officially classified as WT products, as standard-sized moulded test pieces.
All three methods produce eluates that may be used for the purposes of characterisation testing, initial type testing (ITT) or further testing (FT) of either the constituents of concrete identified in this Scope or of production concretes.

Under the terms of EU Mandate 114, committee CEN/TC 51, cement, building limes and other hydraulic binders, is required to develop standards for ‘common cements’ and also for cements with special properties such as low heat cements, calcium aluminate cements and sulfate resisting cements.
EN 197-1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements was adopted in 2000 and was the first harmonised European Standard to be adopted for a construction product.
Since 2000, European Standards for masonry, low heat, low early strength blastfurnace cements, very low heat special cements and calcium aluminate cements have been published.  The development of a prescriptive EN for sulfate resisting cements has been complicated by national differences in the types of cement that are recognised to have sulfate resisting properties.  Note, however, that all nationally standardised sulfate resisting cements meet the requirements of EN 197-1:2000, and that the absence of a specific standard for sulfate resisting cement has not constituted a barrier to trade.

This European Technical Report describes procedures for determining the contents of most of the constituents of the cements that fall within the scope of EN 197-1.
In principle, the method described in Clause 6 applies to all cements, whatever the number and nature of their constituents, but in practice is limited to the cements identified in Table 1.
The method in clause 6 should be considered to be the method of choice and is based on a sequential selective dissolution of the cement’s constituents, generally of an unknown number, where they are not available separately for analysis at the same time as the cement.
The method of choice enables the quantitative determination (by mass) of: Portland cement clinker, blastfurnace slag, siliceous fly ash, natural pozzolans, limestone, silica fume and set regulators in cements of the types identified in Table 1. Table 1 is derived from Table 1 of EN 197-1.
NOTE 1   Where cements contain calcareous fly ash, burnt shale and/or constituents that partly contain mineral phases, similar to those of clinker, further investigation into the characteristics of those constituents will be necessary before the method can be applied.
The method of choice has limitations, as indicated earlier, and cannot be considered to be a means by which clinker content can simply be determined in isolation from any other constituent. Clinker content is determined ‘by difference’ and other constituents contain, in part, mineral phases similar to those present in clinker and can cause interferences that lead to difficulties in interpretation of the results.
Where apparently anomalous results are obtained, it is recommended that further investigations are undertaken in accordance with the procedure given in Section 6.2.5.4.
Any other method with the same objectives, and intended for use where the constituents are unavailable for separate analysis, can be considered to be an alternative to the method of choice when it is shown that, with appropr

This European Standardt gives a general definition of calcium aluminate cement and its composition. It includes requirements for the mechanical, physical and chemical properties and also states the conformity criteria and the related rules.
Calcium aluminate cement used as a constituent material of formulated mixes for specific applications (e.g. dry mixes) is outside the scope of this European Standard.
NOTE   Guidance for the correct use of calcium aluminate cement in concrete and mortars is given in Annex A.

TC - Modification to Figures A.1, A.3 and A.4

This document specifies three test methods for the estimation of the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete with regard to internal structural damage. It can be used either to compare new constituents or new concrete compositions against a constituent or a concrete composition that is known to give adequate performance in the local environment or to assess the test results against some absolute numerical values based on local experiences.
Extrapolation of test results to assess different concrete i.e. new constituents or new concrete compositions requires an expert evaluation.
NOTE   Specification based on these test methods should take into account the behaviour of concrete under practical conditions.
There is no established correlation between the results obtained by the three test methods. All tests will clearly identify poor and good behaviour, but they differ in their assessment of marginal behaviour.

No scope available

This document specifies the methods for the chemical analysis of cement.
This document describes the reference methods and, in certain cases, an alternative method which can be considered to be equivalent. In the case of a dispute, only the reference methods are used.
An alternative performance-based method using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is described for SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O5, Mn2O3, SrO, Cl and Br. This method is based on beads of fused sample and analytical validation using certified reference materials, together with performance criteria. A method based on pressed pellets of un-fused sample can be considered as equivalent, providing that the analytical performance satisfies the same criteria.
An alternative performance-based method using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) is described for SO3.
When correctly calibrated according to the specified procedures and reference materials, XRF and ICP-OES provides methods equivalent to the reference methods but has not been validated for use yet as a reference procedure for conformity and dispute purposes. They can be applied to other relevant elements when adequate calibrations have been established.
Any other methods can be used provided they are calibrated, either against the reference methods or against internationally accepted reference materials, in order to demonstrate their equivalence.
This document describes methods which apply principally to cements, but which can also be applied to their constituent materials. They can also be applied to other materials, the standards for which call up these methods. Standard specifications state which methods are to be used.

This document specifies the scheme for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of hydraulic road binders, including certification of conformity of the factory production control.
This document provides technical rules for factory production control, further testing of samples taken at the manufacturing plant (autocontrol testing), assessment of the performance of the hydraulic road binder, initial inspection of the manufacturing plant and of factory production control and continuing surveillance, assessment and evaluation of factory production control.
This document is intended to be linked with the Annexes ZA of the European Standards covering hydraulic road binders, i.e. EN 13282-1 and EN 13282-2.
NOTE   The reason for having drafted this separate document is that the provisions it includes are applicable to different products covered by different European Standards.

This document specifies two equivalent test methods to assess the chemical reactivity of a pozzolanic or latent hydraulic cement constituent or concrete addition by measurements of heat of hydration (see Clause 5 and 8.3 Method A, Heat of Hydration) or bound water content (see Clause 5 and 8.4 Method B, Bound Water Content) of hydrated pastes composed of the cement constituent or concrete addition, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, potassium sulfate, and potassium hydroxide cured at 40 °C for 72 h and 168 h (3 days and 7 days).
These two test methods measure chemical reactivity of test specimens intended for use as cementitious materials, such as cement constituents and concrete additions. The test methods do not distinguish between latent hydraulic and pozzolanic reactivity.
The test methods are used for qualification purposes if the cement constituents or concrete additions are tested at the fineness as specified by the respective product standards. In the absence of a product standard or a specification in the product standard, the constituents are tested at the fineness of the intended use.
NOTE   In case the test methods are used for purposes of comparison of intrinsic reactivity, cement constituents are tested at similar fineness, where possible.
The test methods are also used for testing other new constituents that are latent hydraulic or pozzolanic and that are not covered by EN 197 series product standards. However, for such new constituents the validity of the underlying correlations with strength development have not been verified; in consequence the test results can only be used for informative and indicative purposes.
Furthermore, these test methods are used in manufacturing control of cement constituents for assessing their latent hydraulic or pozzolanic reactivity.

The general scope of the core product category rules (PCR) is given in EN 15804:2012+A1:2013, Clause 1.
This PCR is primarily intended for the creation of cradle-to-gate EPDs of cement and building lime.
In other respects, the scope is as in EN 15804.

This document defines and gives the specifications of 39 distinct common cements, 7 sulfate resisting common cements as well as 3 distinct low early strength blast furnace cements and 2 sulfate resisting low early strength blast furnace cements and their constituents. The definition of each cement includes the proportions in which the constituents are to be combined to produce these distinct products in a range of nine strength classes. The definition also includes requirements which the constituents have to meet. It also includes mechanical, physical, and chemical requirements. Furthermore, this standard states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability requirements are also given.
In addition to those sulfate resisting cements defined in the present document, other cements conforming either to this standard or to other standards, European or national, have been nationally demonstrated to have sulfate resisting properties. These cements which are listed in Annex A, are considered by different CEN Member countries as sulfate resisting within the limits of their territory.
NOTE 1   In addition to the specified requirements, an exchange of additional information between the cement manufacturer and user can be helpful. The procedures for such an exchange are not within the scope of this standard but should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.
NOTE 2   The word "cement" in EN 197-1 is used to refer only to common cements unless otherwise specified.
This document does not cover:
-   very low heat special cement covered by EN 14216;
-   supersulfated cement covered by EN 15743;
-   calcium aluminate cement covered by EN 14647;
-   masonry cement covered by EN 413-1.

This European Standard applies to hydraulic binder for non-structural applications in construction used as binder for preparation of mortar for masonry, rendering and plastering and other non-structural construction products.
This European Standard specifies the definition and composition of hydraulic binder for non-structural applications (HB). It includes physical, mechanical and chemical requirements and defines strength classes. EN 15368 also states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability requirements are also given.
NOTE   For normal applications the information given in this standard, and in the masonry specifications, EN 998-1 and EN 998-2, is generally sufficient. However, in special cases, an exchange of additional information between the producer and user can be helpful. The details of such an exchange are not within the scope of this standard but should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or other regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.
Terms of delivery or other contractual conditions, normally included in documents exchanged between the supplier and the purchaser of hydraulic binder for non-structural applications, are outside the scope of this European Standard.

This document specifies the definition and composition of masonry cements as commonly used in Europe for the production of mortar for bricklaying and blocklaying and for rendering and plastering. It includes physical, mechanical and chemical requirements and defines strength classes. EN 413-1 also states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability requirements are also given.
NOTE   For normal applications the information given in EN 413-1, in EN 998-1 and in EN 998-2 is generally sufficient. However, in special cases, an exchange of additional information between the masonry cement producer and user can be helpful. The details of such an exchange are not within the scope of EN 413-1 but should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or other regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.

This European Standard defines and gives the specifications of 35 distinct common cements, 7 sulfate resisting common cements as well as 3 distinct low early strength blast furnace cements and 2 sulfate resisting low early strength blast furnace cements and their constituents. The definition of each cement includes the proportions in which the constituents are to be combined to produce these distinct products in a range of nine strength classes. The definition also includes requirements which the constituents have to meet. It also includes mechanical, physical, and chemical requirements. Furthermore, this standard states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability requirements are also given.
In addition to those sulfate resisting cements defined in the present document, other cements conforming either to this standard or to other standards, European or national, have been nationally demonstrated to have sulfate resisting properties. These cements which are listed in Annex A, are considered by different CEN Member countries as sulfate resisting within the limits of their territory.
NOTE 1 In addition to the specified requirements, an exchange of additional information between the cement manufacturer and user can be helpful. The procedures for such an exchange are not within the scope of this standard but should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.
NOTE 2 The word 'cement' in EN 197-1 is used to refer only to common cements unless otherwise specified.
This European Standard does not cover:
- very low heat special cement covered by EN 14216;
- supersulfated cement covered by EN 15743;
- calcium aluminate cement covered by EN 14647;
- masonry cement covered by EN 413-1.

This European Standard defines and gives the specifications for normal hardening hydraulic road binders, produced in a factory and supplied ready for treatment of materials for bases, sub-bases and capping layers as well as earthworks, in road, railway, airport and other types of infrastructures. It includes the mechanical, physical and chemical requirements and the classification of this binders based on their compressive strength at 56 days. It also includes the conformity criteria and evaluation procedures to be applied by the manufacturer.