EN 1788:2001
(Main)Foodstuffs - Thermoluminescence detection of irradiated food from which silicate minerals can be isolated
Foodstuffs - Thermoluminescence detection of irradiated food from which silicate minerals can be isolated
This European Standard specifies a method for the detection of irradiation treatment of food and/or food ingredients by thermoluminescence analysis of contaminating silicate minerals. This method is applicable to those foodstuffs from which a sufficient amount of silicate minerals can be isolated.
The method has been successfully tested in interlaboratory tests with herbs and spices as well as their mixtures [1] to [3], shellfish including shrimps and prawns [4] to [6], both fresh and dehydrated fruits and vegetables [7] to [9], and potatoes [10]. Other studies [11] to [46] demonstrate that the method is applicable to a large variety of foodstuffs.
Lebensmittel - Thermolumineszenzverfahren zum Nachweis von bestrahlten Lebensmitteln, von denen Silikatmineralien isoliert werden können
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren fest, das zum Nachweis einer Behandlung von Lebensmitteln mit ionisierenden Strahlen durch Messung der Thermolumineszenz (TL) an mineralischen, silikathaltigen Verunreini-gungen geeignet ist. Das Verfahren ist auf Lebensmittel anwendbar, von denen eine ausreichende Menge an Silikatmineralien isoliert werden kann.
Das Verfahren wurde in Ringversuchen erfolgreich an Kräutern und Gewürzen bzw. Gewürzmischungen [1] bis [3], an Krebs- und Weichtieren einschließlich Garnelen [4] bis [6] sowohl an frischem als auch an getrocknetem Obst und Gemüse [7] bis [9] sowie an Kartoffeln [10] geprüft. Weitere Untersuchungen [11] bis [46] haben gezeigt, dass das Verfahren auf viele verschiedene Lebensmittel angewandt werden kann.
Produits alimentaires - Détection par thermoluminescence d'aliments ionisés dont peuvent être extraits des minéraux silicatés
La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode de détection de traitement ionisant appliquée à des produits alimentaires par analyse de la thermoluminescence des minéraux silicatés contaminant l'aliment. Cette méthode s'applique aux produits alimentaires à partir desquels il est possible d'isoler une quantité suffisante de minéraux silicatés.
La méthode a été appliquée avec succès lors d'essais interlaboratoires conduits sur des aromates, des épices, leurs mélanges, [1] à [3], sur des crustacés incluant les crevettes et les langoustes [4] à [6], sur des légumes et des fruits, frais ou déshydratés [7] à [9], et sur des pommes de terre [10]. D'autres études [11] à [46] montrent que cette méthode est applicable à une grande variété d'aliments.
Živila - Termoluminescenčna detekcija obsevane hrane, iz katere je mogoče izolirati silikatne minerale
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 09-Oct-2001
- Withdrawal Date
- 29-Apr-2002
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 275 - Food analysis - Horizontal methods
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 275/WG 8 - Irradiated foodstuffs
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 05-Jun-2023
- Completion Date
- 14-Apr-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 22-Dec-2008
Overview
EN 1788:2001 (CEN) specifies a validated laboratory method for the detection of irradiated food by thermoluminescence (TL) analysis of contaminating silicate minerals. The standard applies to foodstuffs from which a sufficient amount of silicate minerals can be isolated. It was developed and tested in interlaboratory trials on herbs and spices, shellfish (shrimp/prawn), fresh and dehydrated fruits and vegetables, potatoes and many other food types.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Principle: Silicate minerals in foodstore trapped charge when exposed to ionizing radiation. Controlled heating of isolated minerals produces TL glow curves whose shape and intensity indicate prior irradiation.
- Glow analysis: Two measurements are required - Glow 1 (sample as extracted) and Glow 2 (same sample after a fixed known radiation dose). The TL glow ratio (Glow 1 / Glow 2) is used to discriminate irradiated vs non‑irradiated samples.
- Minimum Detectable Level (MDL): Defined as the full process blank (Glow 1) plus three standard deviations; Glow 2 integrated intensity should be at least 10× MDL.
- Sample preparation: Isolation techniques include wet sieving, density separation (e.g., sodium polytungstate solution at 2 g·ml−1), and acid hydrolysis where applicable. Samples must be protected from light and not exposed to temperatures >100 °C.
- Apparatus & reagents:
- TL reader with data recording, heating rate ≈ 6 °C/s, max temperature ≥ 350 °C, suitable photomultiplier and optical filters.
- Stainless steel sample discs (≈9–10 mm), radiation source for Glow 2 (interlaboratory tests used 60Co γ-rays at fixed doses such as 1 kGy; potatoes used 250 Gy).
- Ultrasonic bath, centrifuge, nylon sieves (125–250 µm), sodium polytungstate, HCl (1 M, or 4–6 M for special cases), NH4OH, oxygen‑free nitrogen for flushing.
Practical applications
- Routine screening of spices, herbs, seafood, fruits, vegetables and other commodities for undeclared irradiation.
- Regulatory compliance testing by national food control laboratories and customs authorities.
- Quality control by producers and trade laboratories to verify labeling and processing claims.
- Research and forensic investigations into food treatment history.
Who would use this standard
- Food testing laboratories and analytical chemists
- Public health and regulatory agencies enforcing irradiation labeling
- Spice and seafood industry testing facilities
- Accreditation and interlaboratory validation teams
Related standards
- EN ISO 3696 (Water for analytical laboratory use) is referenced for reagent water quality.
- EN 1788 supersedes EN 1788:1996 and is published under CEN procedures.
Keywords: EN 1788:2001, thermoluminescence, TL detection, irradiated food, silicate minerals, food analysis, TL glow ratio, sodium polytungstate, CEN.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 1788:2001 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Foodstuffs - Thermoluminescence detection of irradiated food from which silicate minerals can be isolated". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies a method for the detection of irradiation treatment of food and/or food ingredients by thermoluminescence analysis of contaminating silicate minerals. This method is applicable to those foodstuffs from which a sufficient amount of silicate minerals can be isolated. The method has been successfully tested in interlaboratory tests with herbs and spices as well as their mixtures [1] to [3], shellfish including shrimps and prawns [4] to [6], both fresh and dehydrated fruits and vegetables [7] to [9], and potatoes [10]. Other studies [11] to [46] demonstrate that the method is applicable to a large variety of foodstuffs.
This European Standard specifies a method for the detection of irradiation treatment of food and/or food ingredients by thermoluminescence analysis of contaminating silicate minerals. This method is applicable to those foodstuffs from which a sufficient amount of silicate minerals can be isolated. The method has been successfully tested in interlaboratory tests with herbs and spices as well as their mixtures [1] to [3], shellfish including shrimps and prawns [4] to [6], both fresh and dehydrated fruits and vegetables [7] to [9], and potatoes [10]. Other studies [11] to [46] demonstrate that the method is applicable to a large variety of foodstuffs.
EN 1788:2001 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 67.050 - General methods of tests and analysis for food products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 1788:2001 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 1788:1996. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 1788:2001 is associated with the following European legislation: Standardization Mandates: M/029. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Lebensmittel - Thermolumineszenzverfahren zum Nachweis von bestrahlten Lebensmitteln, von denen Silikatmineralien isoliert werden könnenProduits alimentaires - Détection par thermoluminescence d'aliments ionisés dont peuvent etre extraits des minéraux silicatésFoodstuffs - Thermoluminescence detection of irradiated food from which silicate minerals can be isolated67.050Splošne preskusne in analizne metode za živilske proizvodeGeneral methods of tests and analysis for food productsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1788:2001SIST EN 1788:2002en01-junij-2002SIST EN 1788:2002SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1788:19981DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1788October 2001ICS 67.050Supersedes EN 1788:1996English versionFoodstuffs - Thermoluminescence detection of irradiated foodfrom which silicate minerals can be isolatedProduits alimentaires - Détection par thermoluminescenced'aliments ionisés dont peuvent être extraits des minérauxsilicatésLebensmittel - Thermolumineszenzverfahren zumNachweis von bestrahlten Lebensmitteln, von denenSilikatmineralien isoliert werden könnenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 August 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1788:2001 ESIST EN 1788:2002
Estimation of blank levels.12Annex B (informative)
Practical example for defining temperature intervals of the TL heating unit.13Annex C (informative)
Examples for TL glow curves using various readers.14Bibliography.16ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 275 "Food analysis - Horizontalmethods", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard replaces EN 1788:1996.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by April 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byApril 2002.This document was elaborated on the basis of a protocol developed following a concerted action supported by theCommission of European Union (XII C.5). Experts and laboratories from E.U. and EFTA countries, contributedjointly to the development of this protocol.This predecessor of this document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the Commission of theEuropean Communities and the European Free Trade Association.WARNING : The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standarddoes not purport to address all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.The annex A is normative ; the annexes B and C are informative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 1788:2002
1)Corning 7/59®, Schott KG 1® and Schott BG 39® are examples of suitable products available commercially. Thisinformation is given for the convenience of users of this standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of theseproducts.SIST EN 1788:2002
Some studies indicate that suitable alternatives to 60Co-y-rays may be used, see e.g. [2], [7] and [23].The applied radiation dose fo
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La norme EN 1788:2001 est une référence importante pour la détection par thermoluminescence des aliments irradiés, spécifiquement ceux dont des minéraux silicatés peuvent être isolés. Cette norme fournit une méthode robuste et standardisée pour identifier le traitement par irradiation des denrées alimentaires et des ingrédients, ce qui est essentiel dans un contexte où la sécurité alimentaire et la transparence des procédés de traitement deviennent cruciaux. Le champ d'application de cette norme est bien défini, permettant l'analyse des minéraux silicatés contaminant divers types d'aliments. Les tests interlaboratoires ont démontré l'efficacité de cette méthode sur une large gamme de produits, notamment des herbes, des épices, des fruits, des légumes et des crustacés. Ces résultats renforcent la crédibilité de la norme et sa pertinence dans l'analyse des aliments traités par irradiation. Parmi les points forts de la norme EN 1788:2001, on note sa capacité à s'appliquer à divers types d'aliments, qu'ils soient frais ou déshydratés. Cette flexibilité est essentielle pour les laboratoires qui doivent s'adapter à l'évolution des marchés alimentaires. De plus, les nombreuses études citées dans le document démontrent une large applicabilité et une fiabilité de la méthode, ce qui est un atout majeur pour assurer la conformité des produits alimentaires. En somme, la norme EN 1788:2001 joue un rôle crucial dans la surveillance de la sécurité alimentaire et facilite l'identification des aliments irradiés par une méthode scientifique éprouvée. Sa pertinence dans le cadre actuel de la réglementation alimentaire souligne l'importance des normes européennes pour garantir sécurité et confiance envers les produits en circulation.
표준 EN 1788:2001은 식품 및 식품 재료의 방사선 처리 감지 방법을 명확하게 정의하고 있으며, 이는 열루미네선스 분석을 통해 오염된 규산염 광물의 검출을 통해 이루어집니다. 이 표준의 핵심 범위는 규산염 광물을 충분히 분리할 수 있는 식품에서 이 방법을 적용할 수 있도록 하는 것입니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 다양한 식품군에 대해 성공적으로 테스트되었다는 점입니다. 허브와 향신료, 조개류(새우, 크랩 포함), 신선 및 탈수 과일과 채소, 감자와 같은 여러 식품에 대해 실시된 다수의 크로스 테스트 결과는 이 방법의 신뢰성 및 정확성을 입증합니다. 따라서 식품 안전성을 높이는 데 중요한 역할을 할 수 있습니다. 또한, EN 1788:2001의 적절성과 관련하여, 이 표준은 방사선 처리된 식품에 대한 공신력 있는 검증 방법을 제시함으로써 소비자 보호에 기여합니다. 방사선 처리된 식품의 신뢰할 수 있는 감지는 품질 관리 및 식품 산업의 통합된 규정 준수 유지에 필수적입니다. 이 표준은 식품의 안전성과 품질 보증을 향상시키기 위한 현대적인 접근 방법을 반영하고 있어, 식품 관련 산업 종사자들에게 매우 중요한 참고 자료로 자리 잡고 있습니다.
The standard EN 1788:2001 presents a comprehensive and scientifically-backed approach to the detection of irradiation treatments in foodstuffs through thermoluminescence analysis of silicate minerals. The scope of this standard is particularly significant as it outlines a robust method for identifying irradiated food and food ingredients, the need for which is increasingly relevant in today's food safety and quality control landscape. One of the main strengths of this standard is its applicability across a wide range of food products. The successful interlaboratory tests conducted on various items, including herbs, spices, shellfish, fruits, vegetables, and potatoes, validate the method's effectiveness and reliability. This extensive validation not only enhances the credibility of the standard but also assures stakeholders that the thermoluminescence detection method can be utilized for diverse categories of foodstuffs. Moreover, the standard emphasizes the importance of isolating sufficient amounts of silicate minerals, which is critical for the accuracy and precision of thermoluminescence analysis. By clearly defining the conditions under which the method is applicable, EN 1788:2001 helps laboratories align their testing protocols with best practices, thereby promoting food safety across the industry. In the context of current discussions surrounding food irradiation and consumer safety, this standard is highly relevant. It not only supports regulatory compliance but also provides a scientific methodology for detecting potentially unsafe food products, thereby contributing to consumer protection and food quality assurance initiatives. Overall, EN 1788:2001 stands out as a vital standard for the food industry, providing essential guidelines that enhance the reliability of food safety testing and ensuring that consumers are informed about the treatment processes their food has undergone. Its application across a broad spectrum of foodstuffs underscores its importance in the ongoing efforts to maintain high standards of food safety and quality.
Die Norm EN 1788:2001 legt einen wichtigen Standard fest, der die thermolumineszente Analyse zur Erkennung der Bestrahlung von Lebensmitteln und Lebensmittelzutaten beschreibt. Der Anwendungsbereich dieser Norm ist klar definiert und konzentriert sich auf Lebensmittel, aus denen eine ausreichende Menge an silikatischen Mineralien isoliert werden kann. Diese spezifische Methode bietet eine zuverlässige Möglichkeit, Bestrahlungsbehandlungen zu identifizieren, die für die Sicherstellung der Lebensmittelsicherheit von großer Bedeutung sind. Ein herausragendes Merkmal der Norm ist ihre umfassende Validierung durch zahlreiche interlaboratorische Tests. Diese Tests haben gezeigt, dass die Methode sowohl bei Kräutern und Gewürzen als auch bei deren Mischungen, Schalentieren wie Garnelen und Flusskrebsen sowie bei frischen und getrockneten Früchten und Gemüse effektiv anwendbar ist. Besonders bemerkenswert ist die Validierung mit Kartoffeln, die die Vielseitigkeit der Norm unterstreicht. Die Bedeutung von EN 1788:2001 ergibt sich nicht nur aus ihrer breiten Anwendbarkeit, sondern auch aus ihrer Relevanz für die Konsumenten- und Lebensmittelsicherheitsstandards in Europa. In einer Zeit, in der die Herkunft und die Behandlung von Lebensmitteln zunehmend in den Fokus rücken, bietet dieser Standard eine klare Richtlinie zur Identifikation von bestrahlten Lebensmitteln. Die Verwendung von thermolumineszenter Analyse stellt sicher, dass Verbraucher vor potenziell schädlichen Praktiken geschützt werden, während gleichzeitig die Qualität und Sicherheit der Lebensmittel gewährleistet bleibt. Insgesamt zeigt die Norm EN 1788:2001 klare Stärken in der standardisierten Vorgehensweise zur Erkennung von Bestrahlung in Lebensmitteln. Ihre Relevanz für den aktuellen Lebensmittelmarkt und ihre Fähigkeit, verschiedene Lebensmittelkategorien abzudecken, machen sie zu einem unverzichtbaren Werkzeug für die Lebensmittelindustrie und die Qualitätskontrolle.
標準EN 1788:2001は、食品や食品成分の放射線処理の検出方法として、熱ルミネセンス分析を用いたシリケート鉱物の検出に関する欧州標準であり、その適用範囲が非常に広いことが特徴です。この標準は、シリケート鉱物を十分に分離できる食品に対して使用されることを目的としています。 この標準の主な強みは、ハーブやスパイス、海老や車エビを含む甲殻類、そして新鮮および脱水された果物や野菜、さらにジャガイモに至るまで、多種多様な食品に対して確実に適用可能である点です。特に、互いのラボでの試験結果に基づいた多くのケーススタディが示されており、信頼性の高い検出方法として広く認識されています。また、熱ルミネセンスを使用することで、放射線処理の証拠となる鉱物の存在を高精度で測定できるため、食品の安全性評価にも貢献しています。 この標準は、食品業界におけるリスク管理や規制遵守のためのツールとして非常に重要であり、食品の放射線処理が行われたかどうかを確認するための確実な方法として機能します。そのため、食品安全管理に関心のある製造者や規制機関にとって、EN 1788:2001は非常に関連性のある文書といえます。
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