EN ISO 21945:2020

Solid biofuels - Simplified sampling method for small scale applications (ISO 21945:2020)

This document describes simplified methods for taking samples of solid biofuels in small scale applications and storages including preparation of sampling plans and reports. The main focus is on storages with a size of ≤100 t. This document is applicable to the following solid biofuels:
1)   fine (up to about 10 mm nominal top size) and regularly-shaped particulate materials that can be sampled using a scoop or pipe, e.g. sawdust, olive stones and wood pellets;
2)   coarse or irregularly-shaped particulate materials (up to 200 mm nominal top size) that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, e.g. wood chips, hog fuel and nut shells;
3)   large pieces (above 200 mm nominal top size) which are picked manually (e.g. firewood and briquettes).
This document can also be used for other solid biofuels not listed above if the procedures described in this document are applicable. This document specifies methods to be used, for example, when a sample is to be tested for moisture content, ash content, calorific value, bulk density, mechanical durability, particle size distribution, ash melting behaviour and chemical composition.
Additionally, it describes a method for the reduction of sample size and defines requirements on handling and storage of samples.
NOTE 1  If higher precision of analytical results is needed or when in doubt if this document is applicable ISO 18135 can be used. Using the number of increments given in this document the resulting precision for analytical results can be estimated with the formulas given in ISO 18135.
NOTE 2  Pellets can generate CO and CO2 off gasses by nature. If pellets are sampled, check for CO and CO2 and O2 levels prior and during the sample taking process in a confined space like a container, silo or shed and have another person standby at the entrance.

Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Probenahme an kleinen Anlagen (ISO 21945:2020)

Dieses Dokument beschreibt vereinfachte Verfahren zur Entnahme von Proben von biogenen Festbrennstoffen an kleinen Anlagen und aus kleinen Lagerräumen, einschließlich der Erstellung von Probenahmeplänen und  berichten. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf Lagerräumen mit einer Größe von ≤ 100 t. Dieses Dokument gilt für die folgenden biogenen Festbrennstoffe:
1) kleine (nominelle Siebgröße bis zu etwa 10 mm) und aus regelmäßig geformten Partikeln bestehende Materialien, von denen mit einer Probenahmeschaufel oder einer Probenahmelanze Proben entnommen werden können, z. B. Sägespäne, Olivensteine und Holzpellets;
2) grobe oder aus unregelmäßig geformten Partikeln bestehende Materialien (nominelle Siebgröße bis zu 200 mm), von denen mit einer Gabel oder einer Schaufel Proben entnommen werden können, z. B. Holzhackschnitzel, grobes Schredderholz und Nussschalen;
3) große Stücke (nominelle Siebgröße größer als 200 mm), die mit der Hand entnommen werden (z. B. Stückholz und Briketts).
Dieses Dokument kann auch für andere biogene Festbrennstoffe angewendet werden, die nicht vorstehend aufgelistet sind, wenn die in diesem Dokument beschriebenen Verfahrensweisen anwendbar sind. Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren fest, die beispielsweise anzuwenden sind, wenn eine Probe im Hinblick auf Wasser  und Aschegehalt, Energiegehalt, Schüttdichte, mechanische Festigkeit, Partikelgrößenverteilung, Ascheschmelzverhalten und chemische Zusammensetzung zu prüfen ist.
Außerdem wird ein Verfahren zur Verringerung des Probenumfangs beschrieben und Anforderungen an die Handhabung und Lagerung von Proben werden festgelegt.
ANMERKUNG 1 Wenn eine höhere Präzision von Analysenergebnissen erforderlich ist oder wenn Zweifel bestehen, ob dieses Dokument anwendbar ist, kann ISO 18135 angewendet werden. Bei Verwendung der in diesem Dokument angegebenen Anzahl von Einzelproben kann die sich ergebende Präzision für die Analysenergebnisse mit den in ISO 18135 angeführten Gleichungen geschätzt werden.
ANMERKUNG 2 Pellets können von Natur aus gasförmiges CO und CO2 freisetzen. Bei der Probenahme von Pellets sind vor und während des Probenahmeprozesses in einem engen Raum, wie z. B. Behälter, Silo oder (Lager )Halle, die CO  und CO2  sowie O2 Konzentrationen zu überprüfen und am Eingang muss sich eine weitere Person in Bereitschaft befinden.

Biocombustibles solides - Méthode d'échantillonnage simplifiée pour les applications à petite échelle (ISO 21945:2020)

Le présent document décrit des méthodes simplifiées de prélèvement d'échantillons de biocombustibles solides dans des applications et des stockages à petite échelle, préparation de plans d'échantillonnage et de rapports incluse. L'accent est mis sur les stockages d'une taille ≤ 100 t. Ce document s'applique aux biocombustibles solides suivants:
1)    des matériaux fins (dont la dimension nominale maximale est d'environ 10 mm) et dont la forme des particules est régulière et qui peuvent être prélevés à l'aide d'une pelle d'échantillonnage ou d'un tube, par exemple: la sciure, les noyaux d'olives et les granulés de bois;
2)    des matériaux grossiers  (dont la dimension nominale maximale est de 200 mm) ou dont la forme des particules est irrégulière et qui peuvent être prélevés à l'aide d'une fourche ou d'une pelle, par exemple: les copeaux de bois, le combustible bois broyé et les coquilles de noix;
3)    des grands morceaux (dont la dimension nominale dépasse 200 mm) qui sont ramassés manuellement (par exemple: bois de chauffage et briquettes).
Ce document peut également être utilisé pour d'autres biocombustibles solides non énumérés ci-dessus si les procédures décrites dans ce document sont applicables. Le présent document décrit les méthodes à utiliser, par exemple, lorsqu'un échantillon doit être soumis à essai afin de déterminer sa teneur en humidité, sa teneur en cendres, son pouvoir calorifique, sa masse volumique apparente, sa résistance mécanique, sa distribution granulométrique, son comportement de fusibilité des cendres et sa composition chimique.
De plus, il décrit une méthode pour la réduction de la taille de l'échantillon et définit des exigences sur la manipulation et le stockage des échantillons.
NOTE 1    Si une plus grande précision des résultats d'analyse est nécessaire ou en cas de doute sur l'applicabilité de ce document, l'ISO 18135 peut être utilisée. En utilisant le nombre de prélèvements élémentaires donné dans le présent document, la précision obtenue pour les résultats d'analyse peut être estimée avec les formules données dans l'ISO 18135.
NOTE 2    Les granulés peuvent générer, par nature, des dégagements gazeux de CO et de CO2. Si les granulés sont prélevés, vérifier les niveaux de CO, de CO2 et d'O2 avant et pendant le processus de prélèvement des échantillons dans un espace confiné comme un conteneur, un silo ou un hangar et demander à une autre personne d'attendre à l'entrée.

Trdna biogoriva - Poenostavljena metoda vzorčenja za uporabo v manjšem obsegu (ISO 21945:2020)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Mar-2020
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Sep-2020
• ICS: 27.190 - Biological sources and alternative sources of energy
• ICS: 75.160.40 - Biofuels
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 335 - Solid biofuels
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 335 - Solid biofuels
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 04-Mar-2020
• Completion Date: 04-Mar-2020
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 21945:2020 - Solid biofuels - Simplified sampling method for small scale applications (ISO 21945:2020)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2020
Trdna biogoriva - Poenostavljena metoda vzorčenja za uporabo v manjšem
obsegu (ISO 21945:2020)
Solid biofuels - Simplified sampling method for small scale applications (ISO
21945:2020)
Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Probenahme an kleinen Anlagen
(ISO 21945:2020)
Biocombustibles solides - Méthode d'échantillonnage simplifiée pour les applications à
petite échelle (ISO 21945:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 21945:2020
ICS:
75.160.40 Biogoriva Biofuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 21945
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 27.190; 75.160.40
English Version
Solid biofuels - Simplified sampling method for small scale
applications (ISO 21945:2020)
Biocombustibles solides - Méthode d'échantillonnage Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Vereinfachtes Verfahren zur
simplifiée pour les applications à petite échelle (ISO Probenahme an kleinen Anlagen (ISO 21945:2020)
21945:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 January 2020.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 21945:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 21945:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 "Solid
biofuels" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of
which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2020, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 21945:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 21945:2020 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21945
First edition
2020-02
Solid biofuels — Simplified sampling
method for small scale applications
Biocombustibles solides — Méthode d'échantillonnage simplifiée pour
les applications à petite échelle
Reference number
ISO 21945:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
ISO 21945:2020(E)
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 21945:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
5 Principle . 3
6 Visual inspection . 4
7 Preparing sampling plan and report . 5
8 Methods for sampling . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 Methods for sampling stationary material . 6
8.2.1 Sampling from small packages (≤50 kg) . 6
8.2.2 Sampling from transport containers and lorries . 7
8.2.3 Sampling from small built-in storages . 7
8.2.4 Sampling from stockpiles and stacked material . 7
8.3 Methods for sampling moving material . 9
8.3.1 General. 9
8.3.2 Manual sampling from falling streams . 9
8.3.3 Manual sampling from conveyor belts . 9
8.3.4 Manual sampling from grabs and wheel loader buckets . 9
9 Minimum number of increments .10
10 Minimum size of increment .10
11 Determination of the volume of the combined sample .10
12 Equipment for manual sampling .11
12.1 General .11
12.2 Sampling bucket for falling-stream .12
12.3 Scoops .12
12.4 Shovels .13
12.5 Forks .13
12.6 Sample extraction using hands .13
12.7 Pipes (spears) .13
12.8 Drills (augers) .13
13 Reduction of sample size .14
14 Handling and storage of samples .15
14.1 Packaging, storing and transport of samples .15
14.2 Identification/labelling .16
15 Sampling report.16
Annex A (informative) Model sampling plan and sampling report (according to ISO 21945) .17
Bibliography .19
ISO 21945:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take Part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see ww
...