CEN/TS 15412:2010

Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of metallic aluminium

This Technical Specification specifies two different methods for the determination of metallic aluminium in solid recovered fuels:
-   method a: dissolution of metallic aluminium and analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) or by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS);
-   method b: Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) on the solid SRF.

Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an metallischem Aluminium

Diese Technische Spezifikation legt zwei unterschiedliche Verfahren zur Bestimmung von metallischem Aluminium in festen Sekundärbrennstoffen fest:
-   Verfahren A: Auflösung von metallischem Aluminium und Bestimmung durch optische Emissions-spektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP OES) oder durch Flammen-Atomabsorp¬tions-spektrometrie (FAAS);
-   Verfahren B: Differenzialthermoanalyse (DTA) von SRF.

Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthode de détermination de l'aluminium total

Trdna alternativna goriva - Metode za določevanje aluminija v kovinski obliki

Ta evropski standard določa dve različni metodi za določanje aluminija v kovinski obliki v trdnih alternativnih gorivih: metoda a: Raztopitev aluminija v kovinski obliki in analiza z spektrometrijo optičnih emisij z uporabo induktivno skopljene plazme (ICP-OES) ali z plamensko atomsko absorpcijsko spektrometrijo (FAAS); metoda b: diferencialna toplotna analiza (DTA) na trdnem SRF.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 01-Jun-2010
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• ICS: 75.160.40 - Biofuels
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 343 - Solid Recovered Fuels
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 343/WG 5 - Chemical Tests
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 12-Jun-2013
• Completion Date: 12-Jun-2013
• Mandate: M/325 - Mandate to CEN on Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF)
• Ref Project: SIST-TS CEN/TS 15412:2010 - Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of metallic aluminium

Relations

• Replaces: CEN/TS 15412:2006 - Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of metallic aluminium
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2010

Overview - CEN/TS 15412:2010 (Solid recovered fuels - metallic aluminium determination)

CEN/TS 15412:2010 specifies laboratory methods to determine metallic aluminium in solid recovered fuels (SRF). The Technical Specification defines two validated approaches:

• Method A - chemical dissolution of metallic aluminium followed by instrumental analysis (ICP‑OES or FAAS).
• Method B - thermal detection by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) on SRF ash.

The standard covers sample preparation (1 mm nominal top size), reagent concentrations, apparatus requirements, safety precautions and calculation of results on a dry-matter basis.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Two alternative measurement routes
  • Method A: leach with 0.14 mol/L HNO3, dissolve metallic Al using 0.75 mol/L NaOH (boil ~1.5 h), then quantify by ICP‑OES or FAAS per EN ISO 11885 / EN ISO 12020.
  • Method B: ash the SRF, record the DTA thermogram and integrate the Al melting endotherm (melting ~660 °C); calibrate using aluminium/sand mixtures.
• Sample size and preparation
  • Test portion particle size ≤ 1 mm; typical test portions: ~2 g for Method A, ~50 mg ash for Method B.
  • Avoid contamination (no aluminium grinding media); follow prEN 15413 for sampling and prEN 15403 for ashing.
• Apparatus & reagents
  • Analytical balance (±0.1 mg), PTFE vessels (avoid glass with NaOH), ICP‑OES or FAAS, DTA/TGA with platinum pans.
  • Reagents: grade‑1 water, NaOH (0.75 mol/L), HNO3 (0.14 mol/L and concentrated), aluminium standards.
• Safety
  • Strong corrosives and hydrogen evolution from Al + NaOH reaction - work in fume hood, avoid pressurised vessels, follow lab safety regulations.
• Reporting
  • Results on dry basis; include blanks, calibrations and dilution factors.

Applications & who uses this standard

• Waste-to-energy plants / boiler operators - assess risk of Al-related deposits and superheater fouling.
• SRF producers and quality control labs - specification compliance, product quality monitoring, batch certification.
• Environmental and regulatory bodies - conformity testing, permitting and emissions risk assessment.
• Analytical laboratories and researchers - method selection (chemical vs thermal) based on available instrumentation and sample matrix.

Related standards (normative references)

• prEN 15357 (SRF terminology)
• prEN 15403 (ash determination / ashing procedures)
• prEN 15413 (test sample preparation)
• prEN 15414‑3 (moisture determination)
• EN ISO 3696, EN ISO 11885, EN ISO 12020 (lab water, ICP‑OES, AAS methods)

This Technical Specification (CEN/TS 15412:2010) is a practical reference for precise metallic aluminium determination in SRF, enabling safer combustion, reliable QC and consistent reporting.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15412:2007
7UGQDDOWHUQDWLYQDJRULYD0HWRGH]DGRORþHYDQMHDOXPLQLMDYNRYLQVNLREOLNL
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of metallic aluminium
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an metallischem
Aluminium
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes pour la détermination de l'aluminium
métal
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15412:2010
ICS:
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15412
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
June 2010
ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15412:2006
English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of metallic
aluminium
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthode de Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung
détermination de l'aluminium total des Gehaltes an metallischem Aluminium
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 27 March 2010 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15412:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Safety remarks . 5
5 Principle . 5
5.1 Method A. 5
5.2 Method B. 5
6 Apparatus . 5
6.1 Method A. 5
6.2 Method B . 6
7 Reagents . 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Method A. 6
7.3 Method B . 7
8 Preparation of the test sample . 7
9 Procedure . 7
9.1 Sample conservation and pre-treatment . 7
9.2 Sample preparation . 7
9.3 Method A. 8
9.3.1 General . 8
9.3.2 Leaching of lightly soluble aluminium compounds . 8
9.3.3 Dissolution of metallic aluminium . 8
9.4 Method B. 8
9.5 Determination of metallic aluminium . 8
9.5.1 Method A. 8
9.5.2 Method B. 8
10 Calculation and evaluation . 8
10.1 General . 8
10.2 Method A. 9
10.3 Method B. 9
11 Quality control . 9
12 Performance characteristics . 9
13 Test report . 9
Annex A (normative) Guidelines - Characteristics of the laboratory sample for chemical
analysis of SRF . 11

Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15412:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid
Recovered Fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 15412:2006.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Introduction
The metallic aluminium in solid recovered fuels is very problematic in combustion processes. Aluminium can
form deposit on heat transfer surfaces and superheaters. For these reasons a method for the determination
of total metallic aluminium is necessary. Other metals with low melting point such as tin, lead and zinc may
cause similar problems but their content in solid recovered fuels is usually very low and then their effect is
not significant.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies two different methods for the determination of metallic aluminium in
solid recovered fuels:
 method a: dissolution of metallic aluminium and analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optic Emission
Spectrometry (ICP-OES) or by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS);
 method b: Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) on the solid SRF.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 15357:2009, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions
prEN 15403, Solid recovered fuels —Determination of the ash content
prEN 15413, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the preparation of the test sample from the laboratory
sample
prEN 15414-3, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method —
Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample
EN ISO 3696:1995, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987)
EN ISO 11885:2009, Water quality — Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma
optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (ISO 11885:2007)
EN ISO 12020:2000, Water quality — Determination of aluminium — Atomic absorption spectrometric
methods (ISO 12020:1997)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 15357:2009 and the following
apply.
3.1
metallic aluminium
aluminium that could be extract from SRF by using a 0,75 mol/l NaOH solution, after leaching with
0,14 mol/l HNO solution
NOTE This includes the metallic aluminium and some chemical forms of aluminium non-soluble in nitric acid but
easily soluble in alkaline media.
4 Safety remarks
The safety in handling of potentially hazardous materials is dealt with relevant national and European
regulations, which every laboratory should refer to.
In addition the following information is given:
 most of reagents used within this Technical Specification are strongly corrosive and toxic. Safety
precautions are absolutely necessary due to strong corrosive reagents at high temperature;
 the reaction of metallic aluminium (and other metals such as zinc, lead and tin) with NaOH solution
generates gaseous hydrogen that can form explosive mixtures in the air;
 all p
...