CEN/TS 15104:2005
(Main)Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen - Instrumental methods
Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen - Instrumental methods
This Technical Specification describes a method for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents in solid biofuels.
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Gesamtkohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Stickstoff - Instrumentelle Verfahren
Diese Technische Spezifikation legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Gesamtkohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Stickstoff von festen Biobrennstoffen fest.
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur totale en carbone, hydrogène et azote - Méthodes instrumentales
Trdna biogoriva – Določevanje celotnega ogljika, vodika in dušika - Instrumentalne metode
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2005
7UGQDELRJRULYD±'RORþHYDQMHFHORWQHJDRJOMLNDYRGLNDLQGXãLND,QVWUXPHQWDOQH
PHWRGH
Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen -
Instrumental methods
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Gesamtkohlenstoff,
Wasserstoff und Stickstoff - Instrumentelle Verfahren
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur totale en carbone, hydrogene et
azote - Méthodes instrumentales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15104:2005
ICS:
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15104
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
August 2005
ICS 75.160.10
English Version
Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon,
hydrogen and nitrogen - Instrumental methods
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur totale Feste Biobrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des
en carbone, hydrogène et azote - Méthodes instrumentales Gehaltes an Gesamtkohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Stickstoff
- Instrumentelle Verfahren
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 19 March 2005 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15104:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction.4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions.5
4 Principle.5
5 Reagents and calibration standards.5
6 Apparatus .6
7 Preparation of the test sample.7
8 Procedure .7
9 Expression of results.8
10 Performance characteristics.9
11 Test Report.9
Bibliography.10
Foreword
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS 15104:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335
“Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
Introduction
Instrumental methods for the analysis of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen are now in widespread and regular
use, often in preference to formerly developed chemical methods for which International Standards exist.
It was considered that the procedures adopted in these instrumental methods should be standardised as far
as possible. As a consequence an ISO Technical Specification has recently been developed for solid mineral
fuels.
The procedures to be followed when determining the mass fractions of total carbon (including that present as
carbonates), total hydrogen (including that present as water) and nitrogen by instrumental methods are
specified in ISO/TS 12902:2001 and underlie this Technical Specification.
It is recognized that the Kjeldahl method is most reliable for determining nitrogen contents with a
concentration lower than 0,1 %. Possible suitable methods are summarised in the bibliography.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification describes a method for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen
contents in solid biofuels.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN/TS 14588, Solid Biofuels – Terminology, definitions and descriptions.
CEN/TS 14774-3, Solid Biofuels – Methods for the determination of moisture content – Oven dry method –
Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample.
CEN/TS 14780, Solid Biofuels – Methods for sample preparation.
CEN/TS 15296, Solid Biofuels – Calculation of analyses to different bases.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TS 14588 apply.
4 Principle
A known mass of the sample is burnt in oxygen, or in an oxygen /carrier gas mixture, under conditions such that it
is converted into ash and gaseous products of combustion. These consist mainly of carbon dioxide, water vapour,
elemental nitrogen and/or oxides of nitrogen, oxides and oxyacids of sulfur and hydrogen halides. The products of
combustion are treated to ensure that any hydrogen associated with sulfur or halides products of combustion is
liberated as water vapour. Oxides of nitrogen are reduced to elemental nitrogen, and those products of
combustion which would interfere with the subsequent gas-analysis procedures are removed. The carbon dioxide,
water vapour and nitrogen mass fractions of the gas stream are then determined quantitatively by appropriate
instrumental gas- analysis procedures.
5 Reagents and calibration standards
5.1 General
Unless otherwise stated, use only reagents and calibration standards of recognised analytical grade for the
analysis.
WARNING Care should be exercised when handling reagents, many of which are toxic and corrosive.
5.2 Carrier gas
The carrier gas used is Helium or another suitable gas as specified by the instrument manufacturer.
5.3 Oxygen
Oxygen is used as specified by the instrument manufacturer.
5.4 Additional reagents
Additional reagents are of types and qualities as specified by the instrument manufacturer.
5.5 Calibration standards
Examples of suitable calibration standards are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Calibration standards
Name Formula % C % H % N
Acetanilide C HNO 71,1 6,7 10,4
8 9
Atropin C H NO 70,6 8,0 4,8
17 23 3
Benzoic acid C H O 68,8 5,0 0,0
7 6 2
Cystine C H N O S 30,0 5,0 11,7
6 12 2 4 2
Diphenyl amine C HN 85,2 6,5 8,3
12 11
EDTA C H N O 41,1 5,5 9,6
10 16 2 8
Phenylalanine C H NO 65,4 6,7 8,5
9 11 2
Sulfanil amide C H N OS 41,8 4,7 16,3
6 8 2 2
Sulfanilic acid C H NOS 41,6 4,1 8,1
6 7 3
TRIS C H NO 39,7 9,1 11,6
4 11 3
5.6 Certified ref
...
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