CEN/TR 17320:2019
(Main)Railway applications - Infrastructure - Determination of laboratory test parameters for assessing the mechanical durability of rail fastening systems - Complementary element
Railway applications - Infrastructure - Determination of laboratory test parameters for assessing the mechanical durability of rail fastening systems - Complementary element
This document presents the technical basis for the loading conditions (the load magnitude, the load angle and the position of load application) to be used when performing the repeated load tests described by EN 13146-4. This basis consists of measurements made in-track, theoretical analysis and experience of using the previous versions of the EN 13481 series. Statistical variations in the applied loads and their influence on safety factors are also considered.
Bahnanwendungen - Infrastruktur - Bestimmung von Laborprüfparametern zur Beurteilung der mechanischen Dauerhaftigkeit von Schienenbefestigungssystemen
Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Détermination des paramètres d’essai en laboratoire pour l’évaluation de la durabilité mécanique des systèmes d’attache de rails – Elément complémentaire
Železniške naprave - Infrastruktura - Določitev laboratorijskih preskusnih parametrov za ocenjevanje mehanske vzdržljivosti sistemov za pritrjevanje tirnic - Komplementarni element
To evropsko tehnično poročilo je pripravljeno, da podaja tehnično podlago za določanje laboratorijskih preskusnih parametrov (breme, kot in položaj obremenitve), ki se uporabljajo pri izvajanju ponavljajočih se preskusov obremenitve skladno z metodo standarda EN 13146-4, pri čemer se upoštevajo podatki iz preskušanja tirnic in teoretične analize, poleg tega pa se upoštevajo tudi izkušnje pri uporabi starejših različic serije standardov EN 13481. Upoštevajo se tudi statistične variacije uporabljenih bremen in njihov vpliv na varnostne dejavnike.
To poročilo se lahko uporablja za določanje in utemeljitev parametrov nalaganja, ki bodo zahtevani v prihodnjih različicah standardov EN 13481, vključno s primeri, ki so zunaj trenutnega obsega teh standardov, npr. proga s širšim razmikom podpore, večje osne obremenitve, ostrejši ovinki itd.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2019
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Railway applications - Infrastructure - Determination of laboratory test parameters for
assessing the mechanical durability of rail fastening systems - Complementary element
Bahnanwendungen - Infrastruktur - Bestimmung von Laborprüfparametern zur
Beurteilung der mechanischen Dauerhaftigkeit von Schienenbefestigungssystemen
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17320:2019
ICS:
93.100 Gradnja železnic Construction of railways
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN/TR 17320
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
February 2019
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 93.100
English Version
Railway applications - Infrastructure - Determination of
laboratory test parameters for assessing the mechanical
durability of rail fastening systems - Complementary
element
Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Bahnanwendungen - Infrastruktur - Bestimmung von
Détermination des paramètres d'essai en laboratoire Laborprüfparametern zur Beurteilung der
pour l'évaluation de la durabilité mécanique des mechanischen Dauerhaftigkeit von
systèmes d'attache de rails - Elément complémentaire Schienenbefestigungssystemen
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 14 December 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
256.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 17320:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 4
5 Purpose . 4
6 History and background . 5
6.1 ERRI D170 Reports; Evolution of the EN 13481 series . 5
6.2 System testing v. component testing . 6
6.3 Design v. actual loads . 6
6.4 Selection of the appropriate hypothetical load case . 7
6.4.1 General principles . 7
6.4.2 Effect of rail inclination . 7
6.4.3 Sleeper type . 7
6.5 Safety and dynamic factors . 7
6.6 Duration of test (3 million cycles) and loading frequency . 7
6.7 Pass/fail criteria . 8
6.8 Ballasted v. ballastless track . 8
7 Assumptions about track construction and maintenance conditions . 8
8 Input loading at wheel-rail contact point . 9
8.1 Vertical Loads . 9
8.2 Lateral loads - Relationship between lateral force and curve geometry . 9
9 Distribution of loads . 10
9.1 Vertical loads . 10
9.2 Lateral loads. 10
10 Experience in applying the EN 13481:2002 series and EN 13481:2012 series . 11
11 Recommendations for future development of the EN 13481 series . 11
Bibliography . 13
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 17320:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256
“Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
1 Scope
This document presents the technical basis for the loading conditions (the load magnitude, the load
angle and the position of load application) to be used when performing the repeated load tests
described by EN 13146-4. This basis consists of measurements made in-track, theoretical analysis and
experience of using the previous versions of the EN 13481 series. Statistical variations in the applied
loads and their influence on safety factors are also considered.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13481-1:2012, Railway applications – Track - Performance requirements for fastening systems –
Part 1: Definitions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13481-1:2012 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
rail seat
single discrete rail fastening point e.g. a sleeper end or location of a single baseplate
4 Symbols and abbreviations
E Young's Modulus of the rail steel
F vertical component of load at a single rail seat
F load carried by the rail seat directly below the wheel
max
I second moment of area of the rail for vertical bending
k stiffness of the (“Winkler”) foundation
V maximum train speed [km/hr]
W vertical wheel load
a sleeper or support spacing
5 Purpose
This document has been prepared to provide a reference document that will inform future revisions of
the EN 13481 series and other standards that define Performance Requirements for rail fastening
systems. Specifically, it provides a basis for calculating the loads that should be applied in the repeated
load tests that are performed in laboratories in order to confirm the durability of rail fastening systems
according to the method given by EN 13146-4.
6 History and background
6.1 ERRI D170 Reports; Evolution of the EN 13481 series
Committee D170 of the European Rail Research Institute (ERRI, formerly ORE) undertook the first work
toward the development of a European Standard for testing rail fastenings (and concrete sleepers)
between 1986 and 1994. This committee evaluated the test methods used by several major European
railways in order to establish “best practice”. The results of this work were published in a series of five
technical reports [1 – 5].
In 1992, the European Standards organization, CEN, established a new Technical Committee, TC 256, to
develop standards for Railway applications. These standards were necessary in order to support the
introduction of EC Utilities Directive 93/38/EEC. This Directive made it mandatory to use European
Specifications (including European Standards) as the technical basis of procurement for major public
utilities organizations, including railways (whether publicly or privately owned). The part of Technical
Committee TC 256 that was formed to develop European Standards for rail fastenings was Working
Group 17 (WG 17), which is part of Sub-Committee SC 1 “Infrastructure” of CEN/TC 256. This working
group included several experts who were also serving on ERRI Committee D170, so the work of the
ERRI committee was absorbed into the work of WG 17 from the outset.
NOTE The Utilities Directive has been progressively updated. The latest version of the Utilities / Procurement
Directive is 2004/17/EC.
The ERRI D170 reports [1-5] consider the case of conventional mainline track: concrete sleepers in
ballast, 60 kg/m rail and a maximum axle load of 22,5 t. Some reference was also made in these reports
to experience on the new high speed operations in France. In order to account for the conditions found
on other types of track, such as ballastless track (see 5.8), it was necessary to extrapolate from the
empirical data available for conventional mainline and high speed track [1-5].
The use of a reduced height of rail section in repeated load tests performed in the laboratory was
introduced in ERRI D170 Report 5 and it is explained by a paper published in the International Heavy
Haul Conference in 1989 [6]. A section of rail that has reduced height is used for the test so that the
over-turning moment on the rail is reduced, without reducing either the vertical or lateral components
of the load applied to the rail. It is appropriate to do this because the test is normally performed for a
short piece of rail that is fastened to the support at only a single rail seat. This means that in the
laboratory test, a single fastening system shall provide all of the resistance to the over-turning moment
applied by the actuator to the rail. In track, a long rail is fastened to the support at numerous rail seats
and numerous fastening systems along the length of the rail provide resistance to the applied over-
turning moment.
In the current standards, the modified rail height is defined in terms of a distance measured downward
from the gauge corner. It is accepted that, for future standards development, defining a distance
measured from a different reference point or plane could make the method applicable to a wider range
of rail sections.
The original EN 13481 series, published in 2002, distinguished between two basic 'categories' of
fastening systems – those suitable for “Main Line” application and those suitable for “Light Rail”
application. The “Main Line” category was further subdivided into fastening systems with “soft” rail
pads and those with “hard” rail pads. Maximum axle load and minimum curve radius assumptions were
made for each category. For the “Main Line” case the minimum curve radius was assumed to be 150 m
with hard pads and 400 m with soft pads. This led to a requirement to test assemblies with hard pads
for a load inclined at angle of 33° and those with soft pads at an angle of 26°.
The standard was extended to include heavy haul applications, by extrapolating from the empirical data
available for mainline tracks using methods published at an International Heavy Haul Conference [7].
This extension to the standard was published as a new part standard, EN 13481-8.
The EN 13481 series was revised and re-issued in 2012. The most important change was in the
definition of fastening 'categories'. The “Light Rail” category was renamed “Category A”, with no
technical changes. A new category, “Category B”, was introduced to cover applications on heavy metro
systems and on secondary lines with lighter axle loads, but tighter curves, than the “Main Line” case.
The case of mainline track with soft pads and also curves with a radius of less than 400 m (but greater
than 150 m) was described by “Category C”. This represented a departure from the approach taken to
the standards published prior to 2012, where it had been assumed that soft pads would not be used on
tight curves. The angle of the
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