Railway applications - Track - Switches and crossings for Vignole rails - Part 2: Requirements for geometric design

This part of this European Standard covers the following subjects:
- geometric design principles for wheel guidance;
- definition of basic limits of supply;
- applied forces and their adequate support;
- tolerance levels.
These are illustrated herein by application to a turnout. The main switch and crossing components are represented in turnouts and the principles used in turnouts apply equally to more complex layouts

Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Weichen und Kreuzungen für Vignolschienen - Teil 2: Anforderungen an den geometrischen Entwurf

Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Appareils de voie pour rails Vignole - Partie 2 : Exigences pour la conception géométrique

Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj proge - Kretnice in križišča za Vignolove tirnice - 2. del: Geometrijske zahteve pri projektiranju

General Information

Status
Not Published
Current Stage
4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
Due Date
07-Sep-2021
Completion Date
07-Sep-2021

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13232-2:2020
01-marec-2020

Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj proge - Kretnice in križišča za Vignolove tirnice

- 2. del: Geometrijske zahteve pri projektiranju

Railway applications - Track - Switches and crossings for Vignole rails - Part 2:

Requirements for geometric design
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Weichen und Kreuzungen für Vignolschienen - Teil 2:
Anforderungen an den geometrischen Entwurf

Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Appareils de voie - Partie 2: Exigences de la

conception géométrique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13232-2
ICS:
45.080 Tračnice in železniški deli Rails and railway
components
93.100 Gradnja železnic Construction of railways
oSIST prEN 13232-2:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 13232-2:2020
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oSIST prEN 13232-2:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13232-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2020
ICS 93.100 Will supersede EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011
English Version
Railway applications - Track - Switches and crossings for
Vignole rails - Part 2: Requirements for geometric design

Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Appareils de Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Weichen und

voie - Partie 2: Exigences de la conception géométrique Kreuzungen für Vignolschienen - Teil 2: Anforderungen

an den geometrischen Entwurf

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 256.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13232-2:2020 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 13232-2:2020 (E)
Contents

European foreword .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................... 5

3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................................................................... 6

4 Design process .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

4.1 General process .................................................................................................................................................................. 6

4.2 Design step details ............................................................................................................................................................ 7

4.3 Practical use of the design process ............................................................................................................................. 7

5 General design requirements ....................................................................................................................................... 8

5.1 Reference points ................................................................................................................................................................ 8

5.2 General tangency rules .................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.3 Inputs ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

6 Geometry design rules (step 1) .................................................................................................................................. 10

6.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10

6.2 Speed relationships ........................................................................................................................................................ 10

6.3 Effects of changes in curvature ................................................................................................................................... 12

6.3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12

6.3.2 Change of lateral acceleration .................................................................................................................................... 12

6.3.3 Types and locations of transitions ............................................................................................................................ 12

6.3.4 Rules for steady changes in curvature ..................................................................................................................... 12

6.3.5 Rules for step changes in curvature (virtual transitions) ................................................................................ 12

6.3.6 Rules for special cases ................................................................................................................................................... 12

6.3.7 Switches and crossings on curves ............................................................................................................................. 12

6.4 Output .................................................................................................................................................................................. 12

7 Main constructional design (step 2) ......................................................................................................................... 13

7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 13

7.2 Inputs ................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

7.3 General requirements.................................................................................................................................................... 14

7.4 Specific requirements .................................................................................................................................................... 14

7.5 Structural requirements ............................................................................................................................................... 15

7.6 Other requirements ........................................................................................................................................................ 16

7.7 Actuation, locking and detection design ................................................................................................................. 16

7.8 Output – Main construction documents .................................................................................................................. 16

7.8.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................................ 16

7.8.2 Geometry ............................................................................................................................................................................ 16

7.8.3 Guidance ............................................................................................................................................................................. 16

7.8.4 Actuation............................................................................................................................................................................. 17

7.8.5 Constructional .................................................................................................................................................................. 17

7.8.6 Information lists .............................................................................................................................................................. 17

8 Detailed component design (step 3) ........................................................................................................................ 17

8.1 Switches .............................................................................................................................................................................. 17

8.2 Crossings ............................................................................................................................................................................. 17

8.3 Expansion devices ........................................................................................................................................................... 18

8.4 Other components ........................................................................................................................................................... 18

8.5 Output – Assembly documents ................................................................................................................................... 19

8.5.1 Main assembly documents ........................................................................................................................................... 19

8.5.2 Optional documents ....................................................................................................................................................... 20

9 Tolerances .......................................................................................................................................................................... 21

9.1 Individual tolerances ..................................................................................................................................................... 21

9.2 Accumulation of tolerances ......................................................................................................................................... 21

9.3 Acceptance basis .............................................................................................................................................................. 21

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Annex A (informative) Design process ................................................................................................................................... 22

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 2016/797/EU aimed to be covered .............................................................. 24

Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 26

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European foreword

This document (prEN 13232-2:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256

“Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13232-2:2003+A1:2011.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the

European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential

requirements of EU Directive 2016/797/EU.

For relationship with EU Directive 2016/797/EU, see informative Annex ZA, which is an

integral part of this document.

This series of standards “Railway applications – Track – Switches and crossings for Vignole

rails” covers the design and quality of switches and crossings in flat bottomed rail. The list of

Parts is as follows:
— Part 1: Definitions
— Part 2: Requirements for geometric design
— Part 3: Requirements for wheel/rail interaction
— Part 4: Actuation, locking and detection
— Part 5: Switches
— Part 6: Fixed common and obtuse crossings
— Part 7: Crossings with moveable parts
— Part 8: Expansion devices
— Part 9: Layouts

Part 1 contains terminology used throughout all parts of this series. Parts 2 to 4 contain basic

design guides and are applicable to all switch and crossing assemblies. Parts 5 to 8 deal with

particular types of equipment including their tolerances. These use Parts 1 to 4 as a basis. Part 9

defines the geometric and non-geometric acceptance criteria for inspection of layouts.

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1 Scope
This document covers the following subjects:

— the design process for switches and crossings, and the use of the other parts of this

standard;
— geometric design principles for wheel guidance;
— definition of basic limits of supply;
— applied forces and their adequate support;
— tolerance levels.

These are illustrated herein by application to a turnout. The main switch and crossing

components are represented in turnouts and the principles used in turnouts apply equally to

more complex layouts.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their

content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited

applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any

amendments) applies.

prEN 13232-1:2020, Railway applications – Track – Switches and crossings for Vignole rails –

Part 1: Definitions

prEN 13232-3:2020, Railway applications – Track – Switches and crossings for Vignole rails –

Part 3: Requirements for wheel/rail interaction

prEN 13232-4:2020, Railway applications – Track – Switches and crossings for Vignole rails –

Part 4: Actuation, locking and detection

prEN 13232-5:2020, Railway applications – Track – Switches and crossings for Vignole rails –

Part 5: Switches

prEN 13232-9:2020, Railway applications – Track – Switches and crossings for Vignole rails –

Part 9: Layouts

EN 13803:2017, Railway applications - Infrastructure — Track alignment design parameters -

Track gauges 1435 mm and wider

EN 15273-3:2013+A1:2016, Railway applications - Gauges - Part 3: Structure gauges

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3 Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this document the terms and definitions given in prEN 13232-1:2020 and the

following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following

addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
customer

term used to define one party involved in using the EN as the technical basis for a transaction:

the Operator or User of the equipment, or the Purchaser of the equipment on the User's behalf

3.2
supplier

term used to define one party involved in using the EN as the technical basis for a transaction:

the Body responsible for the use of the EN in response to the Customer's requirements

4 Design process
4.1 General process

The process for designing switches and crossings is complex owing to the many requirements

that apply and the different situations that may occur. Figure 1 gives a schematic representation

of the general design process. It separates the whole process into 4 main steps:

— step 1 contains the general design of the S&C. It consists of the geometrical design, the

design of the wheel-rail interaction and the design requirements for compliance with the

actuation, locking and detection system. It leads to the definition of the main aspects of the

S&C, respecting the main design requirements. Geometric design is defined in this part;

other aspects are dealt with in parts 3 and 4;

— step 2 is the main constructional design process, which specifies the main construction of

the S&C. It is based on the technology used by the supplier. It is based mainly on the

suppliers’ experience and expertise;

— step 3 consists of the detailed design of the individual components. It is dealt with in

different standards. The design of the main components shall respect the requirements laid

down in parts 5 to 8. Other components, such as fastenings, bearers, etc, are dealt with in

respective ENs;
— step 4 is the product acceptance, which is described in Part 9.
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Key
1 Step 1: General design
2 Step 2: Main constructional design
3 Step 3: Detailed component design
4 Step 4: Acceptance
Figure 1 — General design process
4.2 Design step details

— Each design step requires sufficient input data to enable the design to be completed.

— Input data are dealt with by the supplier through the design rules. The rules are defined in

EN 13232, Parts 2 to 8.
— The results of the different design steps are outputs.

All these aspects are schematically represented for each design step in Annex A, with a

reference to the different parts and clauses where these aspects are dealt with in detail.

4.3 Practical use of the design process

The previous section deals with the complete design process of the S&C. The use of the standard

is not limited to this case only.

The customer may choose to request the supplier to perform the whole design process and

therefore gives all necessary input data to permit the supplier to perform the design.

The customer may also opt to request the supplier to perform only parts of the design process.

In this case the customer shall deliver all inputs of the design steps he has requested the

supplier to perform. This means that he has to deliver all outputs of the previous design steps.

EXAMPLE 1 A customer requests the detailed design of an S&C layout based on the geometry of an

existing design for use on a main railway line. In this case the supplier receives from the customer the

outputs from geometrical requirements as well as the requirements for wheel-rail interaction, in the form

of functional and safety dimensions.

Based on this information and the inputs for both conformity for actuation, locking and

detection (ALD) and general requirements, the supplier performs the general and detailed

component design.

EXAMPLE 2 A customer requests a supplier to manufacture an S&C layout in accordance with an

existing design. The customer delivers a set of detailed drawings to the supplier. The supplier only

performs step 4 of the general design process.
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5 General design requirements
5.1 Reference points

Key reference points relating to turnout geometry and the limits of supply of a turnout are

illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
Key
1 Actual switch toe 6 Limits of supply (front joints)
2 Mathematical point of switch 7 Origin of switch curve
3 Tumout intersection 8 Centreline radius
4 Theoretical intersection 9 Turnout angle
5 Limits of supply (heel joints)
Figure 2 — Key reference points
Key
1 Overall length
2 Tangent length
3 Turnout intersection
4 Turnout angle
Figure 3 — Setting out diagram
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5.2 General tangency rules

At any change in radius the two radii shall be mutually tangential at the running edges. To

achieve this, the centres of adjacent curves shall lie on the same radial line (see Figure 3).

Exceptions to the mutual tangency rule may occur. Examples include switch entry angle for

intersecting switches or to allow for gauge widening.
Details are given in prEN 13232-3:2020 and prEN 13232-5:2020.
Key
1 Tangent
Figure 4 — Mutual tangency
5.3 Inputs

For a concise definition of the geometry of an assembly of switches and crossings, a minimum

amount of basic quantitative information is required. The following items are both necessary

and sufficient for such a definition of a turnout.

The following shall be defined by the Customer and numerical values provided to the Supplier.

Note that some values may be different from those for plain line:
— track gauge;
— speed;
— maximum lateral acceleration or cant deficiency;
— maximum rate of change of lateral acceleration or cant deficiency;
— turnout intersection point and angle (see Figure 4);
— limits of supply (front joints, heel joints);
— gauge widening (if any);
— abrupt change of cant deficiency;
— vehicle length.

For a crossover or junction, in addition, the following shall be defined by the Customer and

provided to the Supplier:
— distance between main line track centrelines.
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prEN 13232-2:2020 (E)

For switches and crossings on a curved main line, the following shall be defined and provided by

the Customer:
— main line curvature;
— main line and branch line cant through turnout.

The key points whose location shall be agreed between Customer and Supplier are as follows:

— origin of switch curve;
— real switch toe (RP);
— theoretical intersection (of crossing).

Radii of main and branch lines and the positions at which they change shall be agreed, together

with:
— centreline radii;
— origin of switch curve to positions of changes of radii;
— tangent offset (if any);

where such changes of radii shall be bounded either by included angle, or by longitudinal

distance or by lateral offset, or in the case of a transition section, by such data as is necessary to

uniquely define its shape.
Some examples are illustrated in EN 13803:2017, Annex F
6 Geometry design rules (step 1)
6.1 Introduction

Geometry is represented in the running plane by the running edges. For the purpose of

determination of permissible speeds and for definition of the turnout, curvature is defined by

the radius of the track centreline.

The guiding principles of curves are given in this standard as they apply to switches and

crossings.

In order to maintain safe and continuous support and guidance of wheels, certain rules of

tangency are imposed. Speed and radius are then related to lateral acceleration. Cant deficiency

is derived from this. Switches and crossings are characterized by changes in lateral acceleration,

so rules for both steady and sudden changes between radii are included in this section.

Calculations and rules relate to vehicles with 2 axles or vehicles with 2-axle bogies. Vehicles

with other than 2 axles may require special consideration and as such their configuration shall

be provided by the Customer.

These rules are defined for steady-state design, i.e. without acceleration. Requirements of a

dynamic nature shall be stated by the Customer.
6.2 Speed relationships

Fundamental rules of circular motion determine the relationship between radius and speed

around a curve.
For railway specific applications the following formula applies:
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prEN 13232-2:2020 (E)
v = √(a R ) (1)
max max c
where:
R is the local centreline radius of the curve in m;
a is the maximum lateral acceleration in m/s ;
max
v is the maximum local velocity in m/s.
max
Alternatively with V in km/h:
max
V = 3,6 √(a R ) (2)
max max c
Key
1 track gauge st
2 half of rail head width s
3 wheel contact gauge s
Figure 5 — Wheel contact gauge

Often it is convenient to express maximum speed in terms of more physical measures, using the

variables cant deficiency and wheel contact gauge. Firstly, wheel contact gauge is expressed

conventionally as:
s s s
w t r
= + (3)
where:

s is the wheel contact gauge, or distance between the two upper wheel/rail contacts, in mm;

s is the track gauge in mm;
s is the rail head width in mm.

If s is not specified, for standard gauge (1435 mm), a value of 1500 mm may be assumed for s .

r w
The speed relationship is then given by:
V = 3,6 √(h g R / s ) (4)
max d c w
where:
h is the maximum permitted cant deficiency in mm;
g is the acceleration due to gravity, normally taken as 9,81 m/s .

Often it is convenient to express maximum speed in terms of more physical measures, using the

variables cant and cant deficiency. See EN 13803:2017, 6.3.
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6.3 Effects of changes in curvature
6.3.1 Introduction

Most real situations yield a step change in curvature, since a smooth curvature change only

occurs in transition curves. The effects of step changes are mitigated by the vehicle's suspension

system, but an approximate rule is necessary to enable the switch and crossing supplier to

match the vehicle's requirements. The rules for steady transitions are covered first, then the

rules for step changes in curvature.

NOTE See EN 13803:2017, Annex F for examples of alternative arrangements of transitions within

turnouts.
6.3.2 Change of lateral acceleration

The steady change of curvature is quantified by the rate of change of lateral acceleration.

Alternatively it may be termed a rate of change of cant deficiency which is related to a rate of

change of lateral acceleration. See EN 13803:2017, 6.5.
6.3.3 Types and locations of transitions

Transition curves are used to eliminate the effects of step changes by employing a suitable rate

of change of lateral acceleration. An example of a steady transition is the clothoid, which

employs a constant rate of change of lateral acceleration or cant deficiency.
6.3.4 Rules for steady changes in curvature

In the case of steady changes in curvature, as occur in turnouts and crossovers, the changes in

lateral acceleration or cant deficiency should be dealt with according to EN 13803:2017, 6.5.2

and 6.5.3
6.3.5 Rules for step changes in curvature (virtual transitions)

In the case of step changes in curvature, as occur in turnouts and crossovers, the changes in

lateral acceleration or cant deficiency may be dealt with according to the procedure in

EN 13803:2017, Annex M.
6.3.6 Rules for special cases

Where the length of the transition is less than the length between bogie centres, an alternative

method shall be used. An equivalent radius should be determined between the customer and

supplier. This may be dealt with according to EN 13803:2017, Annex E
6.3.7 Switches and crossings on curves

Basic S&C design has straight main line (except for equal split turnouts). Curved S&C is based on

basic designs with equivalent radius. Equivalent radius may be calculated in accordance with

EN 13803:2017, Annex E.
6.4 Output

The result of the geometry design process is the geometry plan, containing the following

information:
— track gauge throughout the S&C;
— cant throughout the S&C;
— origin of switch curve;
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— real switch toe;
— theoretical intersection (crossing);
— centreline radii;
— tangent offset;
— limits of supply.
7 Main constructional design (step 2)
7.1 Introduction

Design of switches and crossings involves aspects other than geometry. The component parts of

switches and crossings are dealt with in Parts 5 to 8 (see Foreword) but some non-geome

...

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