EN 15296:2011
(Main)Solid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another
Solid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another
This European Standard gives equations, which allow analytical data relating to solid biofuels to be expressed on the different bases in common use. Consideration is given to corrections that may be applied to certain determined values for solid biofuels prior to their calculation to other bases.
In the informative Annex A tools for integrity checks of analytical results are given. In the informative Annex B conversion factors for calculation into other units are given. The informative Annex C is a guideline for the use of validation parameters as can be found in CEN analytical standards.
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Umwandlung von Analysenergebnissen einer Bezugsbasis in Ergebnisse mit anderer Bezugsbasis
Diese Europäische Norm stellt Gleichungen zur Verfügung, die es ermöglichen, auf feste Biobrennstoffe bezogene Analysendaten hinsichtlich der verschiedenen, allgemein gebräuchlichen Bezugsbasen anzugeben. Es werden Korrektionen berücksichtigt, die auf gewisse bestimmte Werte für feste Biobrennstoffe vor deren Berechnung auf anderen Bezugsbasen angewendet werden können. Im informativen Anhang A sind Instrumente für Integritätsprüfungen von Analysenergebnissen angegeben. Im informativen Anhang B sind Umrechnungsfaktoren zur Berechnung in andere Einheiten angeführt. Der informative Anhang C ist ein Leitfaden für die Anwendung von Validierungsparametern, wie sie in Analysen-normen vom CEN/TC 335 zu finden sind.
Biocombustibles solides - Conversion de résultats analytiques d'une base en une autre base
La présente Norme européenne fournit des équations permettant aux données analytiques relatives aux
biocombustibles solides d'être exprimées sur différentes bases communément utilisées. Il faut prendre en
considération les corrections qui peuvent s’appliquer à certaines valeurs déterminées pour les
biocombustibles solides avant de procéder à des calculs sur d'autres bases.
L’Annexe informative A donne des outils destinés aux vérifications d’intégrité des résultats analytiques.
L’Annexe informative B donne les facteurs de conversion pour un calcul dans d’autres unités. L’Annexe
informative C est une directive d’utilisation des paramètres de validation tels qu’ils peuvent être trouvés dans
les normes analytiques du CEN/TC 335.
Trdna biogoriva - Preračun analiz na različne osnove
Ta evropski standard podaja enačbe, ki dopuščajo izražanje analitičnih podatkov, povezanih s trdnimi biogorivi, na različnih osnovah pri splošni uporabi. Upoštevani so popravki, ki lahko veljajo za nekatere določene vrednosti trdnih biogoriv, pred njihovim izračunom za druge osnove.
V informativnem dodatku A so podana orodja za pregled celovitosti analitičnih rezultatov. V informativnem dodatku B so podani faktorji pretvorbe za izračun v druge enote. Informativni dodatek C je smernica za uporabo potrditve parametrov, ki so lahko v analitičnih standardih CEN/TC 335.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Feste Biobrennstoffe - Umwandlung von Analysenergebnissen einer Bezugsbasis in Ergebnisse mit anderer BezugsbasisBiocombustibles solides - Conversion de résultats analytiques d'une base en une autre baseSolid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15296:2011SIST EN 15296:2011en,de01-april-2011SIST EN 15296:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15296:20061DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15296
February 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15296:2006English Version
Solid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis toanother
Biocombustibles solides - Conversion de résultats analytiques d'une base en une autre base
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Umwandlung von Analysenergebnissen einer Bezugsbasis in Ergebnisse mit anderer Bezugsbasis This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 December 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
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Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15296:2011: ESIST EN 15296:2011
Tools for integrity check .8A.1General .8A.2Integrity check based on the carbon results .8A.3Integrity check based on the major elements and the ash results .8A.4Integrity check based on the C H N O and ash results .9Annex B (informative)
Tables with units and conversion factors . 11Annex C (informative)
Guideline for the use of validation parameters . 12Bibliography . 14 SIST EN 15296:2011
net calorific value at constant pressure (J/g) according to EN 14918 or (MJ/kg) according to
EN 14961-1; H total hydrogen content (percentage by mass) according to EN 15104; M moisture content (percentage by mass) according to EN 14774 (all parts); N total nitrogen content (percentage by mass) according to EN 15104; O total oxygen content (percentage by mass); S total sulfur content (percentage by mass) according to EN 15289. SIST EN 15296:2011
)100(100)937,8/(adaddMMHH−×−=ad (1) This hydrogen content, related to the combustible part of the solid biofuel, may be converted to any other basis using the equations in Table 1. 5.2.2 Oxygen The oxygen content related to the combustible part of the solid biofuel can be calculated by difference on the dry basis using the equation: ddddddd100AClSNHCO−−−−−−= (2) NOTE If high precision is required, the values of Sd and Cld should be corrected for eventual remaining contents of sulfur and chlorine in the ash (Ad). 5.2.3 Net calorific value The net calorific value at constant pressure on a moist basis (Mnet,p,q) includes a correction for the heat of vaporization concerning the actual moisture content, M (M being e.g. Mad or Mar). Before conversion to any other basis, using the equations in Table 1, this correction corresponding to 24,43 J/g per weight percent moisture (24,43 x M) shall be undone by adding 24,43 × M to the value of the net calorific value. After multiplying this sum with the appropriate equation from Table 1, the obtained value then is to be corrected for the heat of vaporization concerning the new moisture content, M*, by subtracting the value 24,43 × M*. These corrections are illustrated in Equation (3) concerning the conversion of the net calorific value for a moisture content M to the net calorific value for a moisture content M*, both at constant pressure and in J/g: SIST EN 15296:2011
in J/g), Equation (3) can be simplified into: ararMMqq×−−×=43,24100100net,dp,net,arp, (4) as in this case, M = 0 and M* = Mar The net calorific value at a constant pressure for a dry sample (qp,net,d) is derived from the corresponding gross calorific value at a constant volume according to EN 14918. 5.3 General equations for the conversion from one basis to another basis After applying eventual corrections according to 5.2, analytical values on a particular basis may be converted to any other basis by multiplying it by a factor calculated from the appropriate equation given in Table 1, after insertion of the requisite numerical values into the equation in question. Table 1 — Equations for calculating conversion factors to convert analytical results from one basis to another Given WantedAs analysed (air dried) As receivedaDryDry, ash free(ad) (ar) (d) (daf) As analysed (air dried, ad)
adar100100MM−− ad100100M− )(100100adadAM+− As received (ar) arad100100MM−−
ar100100M− )(100100ararAM+− Dry (d) 100100adM− 100100arM−
d100100A− Dry, ash free (daf) 100)(100adadAM+− 100)(100ararAM+− 100100dA−
a Note that the equations given for calculating results to the "as received" basis may be used to calculate them to any other moisture bases.
Tools for integrity check A.1 General In this annex, three integrity checks are described. It will help users to evaluate analysis results; these tools will be especially useful when larger series of results have to be checked on analysis/typing errors. A.2 Integrity check based on the carbon results Calculate the estimate, QB, for the net calorific value at constant pressure on dry basis from the carbon content, using Equation (A.1): QB
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