prEN 1459-1

Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Variable-reach trucks

This European Standard specifies the general safety requirements of non-slewing variable-reach rough-terrain trucks, articulated or rigid chassis, equipped with a telescopic lifting means (pivoted boom), on which a load handling device (e.g., carriage and fork arms) is typically fitted.
Fork arms and other integrated attachments are considered to be parts of the truck. For attachments the appropriate clauses of this standard are applicable and other specific standards may also apply.
This European Standard does not apply to:
-   slewing variable reach rough terrain trucks covered by prEN 1459-2;
-   industrial variable reach trucks covered by EN ISO 3691-2;
-   lorry-mounted variable reach trucks;
-   variable reach trucks fitted with tilting or elevating operator position;
-   variable reach rough terrain trucks designed for container handling;
-   mobile cranes covered by EN 13000;
-   machines designed primarily for earth moving, such as loaders and dozers, even if their buckets and blades are replaced with forks (see EN 474 series);
-   trucks designed primarily with variable length load suspension elements (e.g., chain, ropes) from which the load may swing freely in all directions covered by prEN 1459-4;
-   trucks fitted with personnel/work platforms, designed to move persons to elevated working positions covered by prEN 1459-3;
-   trucks designed primarily for container handling;
-   trucks incorporating tractor specific devices;
-   trucks on tracks.
This European Standard does not address hazards linked to:
-   hybrid power systems;
-   gas power systems
-   battery power systems.
This European Standard does not address hazards which may occur:
a)   during manufacture;
b)   when handling suspended loads which may swing freely;
c)   when using trucks on public roads;
d)   when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres;
e)   when operating underground.

Geländegängige Stapler - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Verifizierung - Teil 1: Stapler mit veränderlicher Reichweite

Diese Europäische Norm legt die allgemeinen sicherheitstechnischen Anforderungen an nicht drehbare geländegängige Stapler mit veränderlicher Reichweite fest, mit Gelenkarm oder starrer Karosserie, ausgestattet mit teleskopischen Hebevorrichtungen (Ausleger), an denen üblicherweise Lastaufnahme¬einrichtungen (z. B. Trägerplatte und Gabelzinken) angebracht sind.
Gabelzinken und weitere integrierte Anbaugeräte gelten als Teile des Staplers. Für Aufnahmeeinrichtungen gelten die jeweiligen Abschnitte dieser Norm und weitere spezifische Normen können ebenfalls anwendbar sein.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für:
   geländegängige drehbare Stapler mit veränderlicher Reichweite, die in prEN 1459-2 behandelt werden;
   motorkraftbetriebene Flurförderzeuge mit veränderlicher Reichweite, die in EN ISO 3691-2 behandelt werden;
   auf einem Fahrzeug montierte Stapler mit veränderlicher Reichweite;
   Stapler mit veränderlicher Reichweite, die mit geneigtem oder erhobenem Bedienerplatz ausgestattet sind;
   geländegängige Stapler mit veränderlicher Reichweite, die für die Handhabung von Containern ausgeführt sind;
   bewegliche Kräne, die in EN 13000 behandelt werden;
   Maschinen, die in erster Linie für Erdbewegungen ausgelegt sind, wie etwa Lader und Planierraupen, auch wenn deren Schaufeln und Blätter durch Gabeln ersetzt wurden (siehe Normenreihe EN 474);
   Stapler, die in erster Linie mit Lastaufnahmen veränderlicher Länge (z. B. Ketten, Seile) ausgestattet sind, damit die Last in alle Richtungen frei schwingen kann, wie in prEN 1459-4 behandelt;
   Stapler mit Arbeitsbühnen, die dafür ausgelegt sind, Personen zu höher gelegenen Arbeitspositionen zu befördern, behandelt in prEN 1459-3;
   Stapler, die in erster Linie für die Handhabung von Containern ausgelegt sind;
   Stapler, die über traktorartige Vorrichtungen verfügen;
   Stapler, die auf Ketten laufen.
Diese Europäische Norm befasst sich nicht mit Gefährdungen in Verbindung mit:
   hybriden Energiesystemen;
   Gasenergiesystemen;
   batteriebetriebenen Energiesystemen.
   Diese Europäische Norm befasst sich nicht mit Gefährdungen, die vorkommen können:
a) während der Herstellung;
b) durch Befördern hängender Lasten, die frei pendeln können;
c) durch Benutzung von Staplern auf öffentlichen Straßen;
d) durch Benutzung in explosionsgefährdeten Umgebungen;
c) durch Benutzung für Arbeiten unter Tage.

Chariots tout-terrain - Exigences de sécurité et vérification - Partie 1: Chariots à portée variable

La présente Norme européenne spécifie les prescriptions générales de sécurité des chariots tout-terrain à portée variable non rotatifs, à châssis articulé ou rigide, équipés de moyens de levage télescopiques (bras de levage pivotant), sur lesquels un organe porte-charge est habituellement monté (par exemple un tablier porte-équipement et des bras de fourche).
Les bras de fourche et autres équipements intégrés sont considérés comme des parties du chariot. Pour les équipements, les articles appropriés de la présente norme sont applicables et d'autres normes spécifiques peuvent également s'appliquer.
La présente Norme européenne ne s'applique pas :
-   aux chariots tout-terrain à portée variable rotatifs couverts par le prEN 1459-2 ;
-   aux chariots de manutention à portée variable couverts par l'EN ISO 3691-2 ;
-   aux chariots à portée variable montés sur camions ;
-   aux chariots à portée variable avec poste de conduite inclinable ou élevable ;
-   aux chariots tout-terrain à portée variable destinés à la manutention des conteneurs ;
-   aux grues mobiles couvertes par l'EN 13000 ;
-   aux machines conçues principalement pour le terrassement, comme les chargeuses et les bouteurs, même si leurs godets et leurs lames sont remplacés par des fourches (voir la série de normes EN 474) ;
-   aux chariots conçus principalement avec des éléments de suspension de la charge à longueur variable (tels que chaînes, câbles) et permettant à la charge d'osciller librement en toutes directions, couverts par le prEN 1459-4 ;
-   aux chariots équipés de plates-formes de personnel/travail pour déplacer les personnes vers des positions de travail surélevées, couverts par le prEN 1459-3 ;
-   aux chariots conçus principalement pour la manutention de conteneurs ;
-   aux chariots incorporant des dispositifs spécifiques aux tracteurs ;
-   aux chariots sur rails.
La présente Norme européenne ne traite pas des phénomènes dangereux liés aux:
-   systèmes d'alimentation hybride ;
-   systèmes d'alimentation au gaz ;
-   systèmes à propulsion par batteries.
La présente Norme européenne ne traite pas des phénomènes dangereux pouvant apparaître :
a)   pendant la fabrication ;
b)   lors de la manutention de charges suspendues qui peuvent se balancer librement ;
c)   lors de l'utilisation des chariots sur des voies publiques ;
d)   lors d’une utilisation en atmosphères explosibles ;
e)   lors de travaux souterrains.

Vozila za talni transport - Terenska vozila - Varnostne zahteve in preverjanje - 1. del: Vozila z mehanizmom za dviganje s spremenljivim dosegom

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 13-Jan-2015
• Withdrawal Date: 13-Jul-2015
• ICS: 53.060 - Industrial trucks
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 150 - Industrial trucks - Safety
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 150/WG 2 - Variable reach trucks
• Current Stage: 4098 - Decision to abandon - Enquiry
• Start Date: 11-Apr-2014
• Completion Date: 11-Apr-2014
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 1459-1:2013 - Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Variable-reach trucks

Relations

• Revised: EN 1459:1998+A2:2010 - Safety of industrial trucks - Self-propelled variable reach trucks
• Effective Date: 05-Mar-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2013
Vozila za talni transport - Terenska vozila - Varnostne zahteve in preverjanje - 1.
del: Vozila z mehanizmom za dviganje s spremenljivim dosegom
Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Variable-reach
trucks
Geländegängige Flurförderzeuge - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und
Verifizierung - Teil 1: Stapler mit veränderlicher Reichweite
Chariots tout-terrain - Exigences de sécurité et vérification - Partie 1: Chariots à portée
variable
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1459-1
ICS:
53.060 Industrijski tovornjaki Industrial trucks
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2013
ICS 53.060 Will supersede EN 1459:1998+A3:2012
English Version
Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part
1: Variable-reach trucks
Chariots tout-terrain - Exigences de sécurité et vérification - Geländegängige Flurförderzeuge - Sicherheitstechnische
Partie 1: Chariots à portée variable Anforderungen und Verifizierung - Teil 1: Stapler mit
veränderlicher Reichweite
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 150.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1459-1:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

prEN 1456-1:2013 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 List of significant hazards . 13
5 Requirements . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Starting/Moving . 13
5.3 Brakes . 14
5.4 Electrical and electronic systems . 14
5.5 Controls . 16
5.6 Power systems and accessories . 19
5.7 Stabilising devices . 20
5.8 Design requirements for maintenance purposes . 21
5.9 Systems for lifting, tilting and reaching . 21
5.10 Operator’s station . 23
5.11 Operator access . 27
5.12 Protective measures and devices . 28
5.13 Remote controls . 30
5.14 Stability requirements . 30
5.15 Visibility . 30
5.16 Lighting. 30
5.17 Fire protection . 30
5.18 Retrieval, transportation, lifting and towing . 31
5.19 Noise . 31
5.20 Electromagnetic compatibility . 32
6 Verification of requirements and safety measures . 32
6.1 General . 32
6.2 Functional verification . 32
6.3 Structural verification . 33
6.4 Maximum load lowering speed verification . 34
7 Information for use . 34
7.1 Instructions . 34
7.2 Marking . 37
7.3 Load chart . 38
7.4 Other marking information . 40
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 43
A.1 General . 43
Annex B (informative) Consistency of motions . 49
Annex C (normative) . 50
C.1 Definitions . 50
C.2 Requirements . 50
C.3 Design and manufacture . 51
Annex D (normative) Application of EN ISO 13849-1 to variable-reach rough-terrain trucks . 53
D.1 General . 53
D.2 Determination of SRP/CS needs for truck control systems . 54
D.3 Risk assessment methodology . 54
D.4 Performance level ratings for trucks . 54
Annex ZA (informative) .5 5
Bibliography .5 6

prEN 1456-1:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 1459-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150 “Industrial
Trucks - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1459:1998+A3:2012.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
EN 1459 consists of the following parts, under the general title Rough-terrain trucks — Safety requirements
and verification:
 Part 1: Variable-reach trucks
 Part 2: Rotating trucks
 Part 3: Additional requirements for variable reach trucks fitted with work platform
 Part 4: Additional requirements for variable reach trucks handling freely suspended loads
 Part 5: Additional requirements for attachments and attachment interface
Introduction
This European Standard covers general safety requirements and the means for verification of these
requirements for variable reach rough-terrain trucks (here-after also referred to as trucks) as defined in
EN 15830.
For the purpose of this Standard, variable reach rough-terrain trucks are designed to transport and place
loads to elevated work areas and can be driven on unimproved terrain.
Trucks may also be equipped with a variety of attachments (e.g., mower, sweeper).
All quantities are in metric units.
Considering the technical improvements to the previous version of EN 1459, a transition period of 12 months
is permitted after the date of publication, such that manufacturers can develop their products sufficiently to
meet the requirements of this European Standard.

1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the general safety requirements of non-slewing variable-reach rough-terrain
trucks, articulated or rigid chassis, equipped with a telescopic lifting means (pivoted boom), on which a load
handling device (e.g., carriage and fork arms) is typically fitted.
Fork arms and other integrated attachments are considered to be parts of the truck. For attachments the
appropriate clauses of this standard are applicable and other specific standards may also apply.
This European Standard does not apply to:
 slewing variable reach rough terrain trucks covered by prEN 1459-2;
 industrial variable reach trucks covered by EN ISO 3691-2;
 lorry-mounted variable reach trucks;
 variable reach trucks fitted with tilting or elevating operator position;
 variable reach rough terrain trucks designed for container handling;
 mobile cranes covered by EN 13000;
 machines designed primarily for earth moving, such as loaders and dozers, even if their buckets and
blades are replaced with forks (see EN 474 series);
 trucks designed primarily with variable length load suspension elements (e.g., chain, ropes) from which
the load may swing freely in all directions covered by prEN 1459-4;
 trucks fitted with personnel/work platforms, designed to move persons to elevated working positions
covered by prEN 1459-3;
 trucks designed primarily for container handling;
 trucks incorporating tractor specific devices;
 trucks on tracks.
This European Standard does not address hazards linked to:
 hybrid power systems;
 gas power systems
 battery power systems.
This European Standard does not address hazards which may occur:
a) during manufacture;
b) when handling suspended loads which may swing freely;
c) when using trucks on public roads;
d) when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres;
e) when operating underground.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 1459-5, Rough-terrain trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 5: Additional requirements
for attachments and attachment interface
EN 12053:2001+A1:2008, Safety of industrial trucks ― Test methods for measuring noise emissions
EN 12895:2000, Industrial trucks - Electromagnetic compatibility
EN 13059:2002+A1:2008, Safety of industrial trucks - Test methods for measuring vibration
EN 15000:2008, Safety of industrial trucks - Self propelled variable reach trucks - Specification, performance
and test requirements for longitudinal load moment indicators and longitudinal load moment limiters
EN 15830:2012, Rough-terrain variable reach trucks - Visibility - Test methods and verification
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
EN ISO 2860:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Minimum access dimensions (ISO 2860:1992)
EN ISO 2867:2011, Earth-moving machinery - Access systems (ISO 2867:2011)
EN ISO 3164:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory evaluations of protective structures - Specifications
for deflection-limiting volume (ISO 3164:1995)
EN ISO 3449:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Falling-object protective structures - Laboratory tests and
performance requirements (ISO 3449:2005)
EN ISO 3457:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Guards - Definitions and requirements (ISO 3457:2003)
EN ISO 3471:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Roll-over protective structures - Laboratory tests and
performance requirements (ISO 3471:2008)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Seat
index point (ISO 5353:1995)
EN ISO 6683:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Seat belts and seat belt anchorages - Performance
requirements and tests (ISO 6683:2005)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
(ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2008/AC:2009, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1:
General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006/Cor 1:2009)
EN ISO 13850:2008, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop - Principles for design (ISO 13850:2006)
EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry – Determination of
burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 5010:2007, Earth-moving machinery – Rubber-tyred machines – Steering requirements
ISO 6011:2003, Earth-moving machinery – Visual display of machine operation
ISO 6016:2008, Earth-moving machinery -- Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their
equipment and components
ISO 6292:2008, Powered industrial trucks and tractors -- Brake performance and component strength
ISO 6682:1986/A1:1989, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls
ISO 7000:2012, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols
ISO 7096:2000, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
ISO 9533:2010, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted audible travel alarms — Test methods and
performance criteria
ISO 10263-2:2009, Earth-moving machinery – Operator enclosure environment – Part 2: Air filter element test
method
ISO 10263-3:2009, Earth-moving machinery – Operator enclosure environment – Part 3: Pressurization test
method
ISO 10263-4:2009, Earth-moving machinery – Operator enclosure environment – Part 4: Heating, ventilating
and air conditioning (HVAC) test method and performance
ISO 10532:1995/A1:2004/AC1:2006, Earth-moving machinery – Machine-mounted retrieval device –
Performance requirements
ISO 10533:1993/A1:2005, Earth-moving machinery – Lift-arm support devices
ISO 10570:2004, Earth-moving machinery – Articulated frame lock – Performance requirements
ISO 10968:2004, Earth-moving machinery -- Operator's controls
ISO 11112:1995, Earth-moving machinery – Operator's seat – Dimensions and requirements
ISO 11862:1993, Earth-moving machinery – Auxiliary starting aid electrical connector
ISO 12508:1994, Earth-moving machinery – Operator station and maintenance areas – Bluntness of edges
ISO 12509:2004, Earth-moving machinery – Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector
devices
ISO 13333:1994, Earth-moving machinery – Dumper body support and operator's cab tilt support devices
ISO 13732-1:2006, Ergonomics of the thermal environment -- Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces -- Part 1: Hot surfaces
ISO 15817:2012, Earth-moving machinery – Safety requirements for remote operator control systems
ISO/FDIS 15818:2012, Earth-moving machinery – Lifting and tying down attachment points – Performance
requirements
ISO 16528-1:2007, Boilers and pressure vessels – Part 1: Performance requirements
ISO 16528-2:2007, Boilers and pressure vessels – Part 2: Procedures for fulfilling the requirements of
ISO 16528-1
ISO 21507:2010, Earth-moving machinery – Performance requirements for non-metallic fuel tanks
ISO 22915-10:2008, Industrial trucks -- Verification of stability -- Part 10: Additional stability test for trucks
operating in the special condition of stacking with load laterally displaced by powered devices
ISO 22915-14:2010, Industrial trucks – Verification of stability – Part 14: Rough-terrain variable-reach trucks
ISO 22915-20:2008, Industrial trucks -- Verification of stability -- Part 20: Additional stability test for trucks
operating in the special condition of offset load, offset by utilization
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053:1987 and the following apply.
3.1
rough-terrain truck
truck designed for operation on unimproved natural terrain as well as the disturbed terrain of work sites
3.2
compact truck
truck having:
 a maximum height in normal travel mode of 2 150 mm, and:
 a maximum operating mass of 6 000 kg according to ISO 6016:2008, and/or
 a maximum width in normal travel mode of 1 850 mm
3.3
actual capacity
maximum load, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and truck stability, that the
truck can carry, lift and stack to a specified height, at a specified load centre distance and reach, in normal
operating conditions
Note 1 to entry: The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck in terms of such variables as:
 lift height;
 reach of the boom (measured from the forward-most part of the front tyres);
 actual load centre;
 load handling device (fork arms or attachment fitted);
 stabilising devices.
Note 2 to entry: This actual capacity defines the load handling ability of the particular truck as equipped. Additional
actual capacity ratings with removable attachments may also be established where permitted by the appropriate stability
test or by calculation verified by empirical data.
3.4
reach (d)
distance between two vertical parallel planes, one plane tangent to the front of the outside diameter of the
front tyres, the other plane tangent to the curve described by the centre-of-gravity (G) of the load (see Table 1)
moving from its highest position to its lowest position (see Figure 1).
Note 1 to entry: For practical matters, d can be measured referring to point g, being g the vertical projection of the
centre-of-gravity (G) of the load onto the plane of the top surface of the fork arms.

Key
d reach
D standard load centre distance
G centre of gravity of the load
g the vertical projection of the centre-of-gravity (G) of the load onto the plane of the top surface of the fork arms
Q rated capacity
Q2 rated capacity at maximum high
Q3 rated capacity at maximum reach
Figure 1 — Parameters for the designation of the actual capacity of the truck with fork
3.5
lift height
height from the ground to the upper face of the fork arms or to the underside of the load
3.6
standard load centre distance (D)
distance from the centre of gravity (G) of the load measured horizontally back to the fronts of the fork shanks
and vertically down to the upper faces of the fork arms, as specified in Table 1
Table 1 — Standard load centre distance

400 500 600 900 1 200
0 X
< 1 000
≥ 1 000 < 5 000 X
X
≥ 5 000 < 10 000
> 10 000  X X X
< 20 000
≥ 20 000 < 25 000  X X
≥ 25 000   X
Note 1 to entry: Trucks may be rated for special applications with load centres related to those applications.
3.7
rated capacity of attachments
maximum load that the attachment is permitted by its manufacturer to handle in normal operation under
specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: The rated capacity of the attachment can be associated with the load centre distance.
3.8
axle oscillation locking mechanism
mechanism designed to prevent oscillation of an axle to improve truck stability
3.9
stabilising devices
extendable and/or pivoting mechanical supports used to improve stability of a truck when stationary
3.10
lateral levelling
changing the lateral inclination angle between the chassis and the ground to ensure the boom operates in a
vertical plane even when the truck is positioned on a side slope
3.11
fork arms
device including two or more solid fork arms (hook-mounted or shaft-mounted), which are fitted on the
carriage and usually adjusted manually
3.12
side shift carriage
device that displaces the load laterally from the longitudinal axis of the truck
3.13
fork arms extensions
devices fitted over the fork arms to increase their length
3.14
boom
pivoting support member that permits horizontal and vertical placement of the load or attachment
3.15
crab steering mode
steering mode where all wheels of the truck steer in the same direction
3.16
Normal operator’s position
position as specified by the manufacturer in which the operator is capable of controlling the truck operations,
including load handling functions
Note 1 to entry: Other positions may be necessary if it is not possible to control all the functions of the truck from a
single position.
3.17
attachment bracket
device fitted at the end of the boom to connect and lock interchangeable attachments without the use of a tool
to facilitate quick interchange of attachment
3.18
non-slewing
having a slewing movement not greater than 5° to either side of the longitudinal axis of the truck (see
Figure 2)
Figure 2 — Non-slewing movement
3.19
boom float
control mode that uses gravity to allow an attachment at the end of the boom to follow a contour (e.g. the
ground)
3.20
maximum working pressure
highest pressure at which a hydraulic circuit is intended to operate under normal operating conditions
3.21
rated capacity of truck (Q)
maximum load permitted by the manufacturer at the standard load centre distance that the truck is capable of
lifting and transporting on fork arms in normal conditions with the boom fully retracted
3.22
interchangeable equipment
component or assembly of components, which can be mounted on the truck for a specific use
3.23
articulated truck
truck in which steering is achieved by displacement of the front and rear around a central pivot
3.24
level ground
ground with a gradient of (0 ± 2) %°
4 List of significant hazards
See Annex A.
5 Requirements
5.1 General
5.1.1 Sharp edges and acute angles
Sharp edges and acute angles shall meet the requirements specified in ISO 12508:1994 in areas to which the
operator can be exposed during operation, access, egress and maintenance.
5.1.2 Stored energy components
Components that store energy and can cause a risk of injury during removal or disassembly, e.g. hydraulic
accumulators and spring-applied brakes, shall be provided with a means to release the energy before removal
or disassembly and shall be marked according to 7.4.8.
5.2 Starting/Moving
5.2.1 Unauthorised starting
All trucks shall be designed in a way that it cannot be started without a key, a code, a magnetic card or other
equivalent device.
5.2.2 Unintended movement
Trucks shall be fitted with a device that prevents the engine being started whilst the drive-system is engaged.
When the drive system direction control is in neutral, provisions shall be made to locate and maintain it in its
neutral position.
5.2.3 Uncontrolled motion
The truck shall not move from rest on level ground until the drive system has been engaged.
5.2.4 Powered travel movement
Means shall be provided to prevent powered travel when the operator is not at the normal operator’s position.
Powered travel shall not occur automatically when the operator returns to the normal operator’s position
without an additional operation, e.g., by requiring resetting the direction control. Application of the parking
brake shall apply neutral travel control, except on trucks with hydro-static transmission.
NOTE On trucks with hydro-static transmission, the transmission system achieves the same objective.
5.2.5 Non-activation of the parking brake
A warning shall be activated when the operator is not at the normal operator’s position and the parking brake
has not been applied.
5.3 Brakes
5.3.1 General
Trucks shall be equipped with service brake(s) and parking brake system(s), complying with ISO 6292:2008.
NOTE Local road regulations may apply when trucks are used on roads.
The truck shall be provided with an emergency brake in accordance with 4.3 of ISO 6292:2008.
Where electromechanical brake systems are fitted, they shall be applied mechanically and released
electrically.
Where hydromechanical parking brakes are fitted, they shall be applied mechanically and released
hydraulically. Hydromechanical parking brake systems that provide manual release of the parking brake shall
not disable the service brakes.
5.3.2 Failure of energy supply
Failure of the energy supply for the brake release shall not result in loss of braking for automatically applying
brakes.
5.4 Electrical and electronic systems
5.4.1 General
Electrical components and conductors shall be installed in such a way as to minimize damage from exposure
to environmental conditions (corresponding to the use of the truck intended by the manufacturer) that can
cause deterioration.
Electrical component insulation shall have flame-retardant properties. Means to prevent abrasion of electrical
component insulation shall be provided e.g. when routed through e.g. frames and bulkheads.
Electrical wires/cables not protected by over-current devices shall not be routed in contact with pipes and
hoses containing fuel.
5.4.2 Safety related functions
In the assessment of safety related electrical and electronic functions, EN ISO 13849-1 shall be used and
comply with Table 2.
Further information is available in Annex D.

Table 2 — Safety related parts of control systems
Paragraph of standard prEN1459-1 PLr SIL
(EN ISO 13849-1) (IEC 62061)
5.2.2 unintended movement
b 1
5.2.3 uncontrolled motion
b 1
5.2.4 powered travel movement
c 1
Means shall be provided to prevent powered travel
when the operator is not at the normal operator’s
position
5.2.4 powered travel movement
b 1
Powered travel shall not occur automatically when the
operator returns to the normal operator’s position
without an additional operation, e.g., by requiring
resetting the direction control
5.2.4 powered travel movement
c 1
Application of the parking brake shall apply neutral
travel control, except on trucks with hydro-static
transmission.
5.2.5 non activation of the parking brake
b 1
5.5.1.1 multiple operating positions
c 1
the use of the controls at one operator’s position shall
preclude the use of the controls at other operator’s
positions
5.5.1.3 inadvertent activation
b 1
(only when the deactivation device is provided)
5.5.4.2.1 control with detents
b 1
5.5.4.2.2 boom float control c 1
nd
5.5.5 Multi-function controls – 2 para
b 1
Visual indication shall be provided to inform the
operator of the selected mode(s) of operation
st
5.7 stabilizing devices 1 indent
b 1
- Stabilising devices shall be fitted with interlocking
devices, e.g., load holding valves which keep them in
position in case of hose failure or oil leakage
nd
5.7 stabilizing devices 2 indent
b 1
Means shall be provided to the operator to indicate
that the stabilising devices are in a safe travelling
position when moving the truck
rd
5.7 stabilizing devices 3 indent
c 1
- It shall not be possible to operate the stabilising
devices when it leads to instability of the truck
th
5.7 stabilizing devices 5 indent
b 1
An indication shall be given to the operator (e.g.
sensors, painted marks, etc) when each stabilising
device is extended to level and/or support the truck in
conformity with the load chart(s).
5.4.3 Degree of protection
Depending on the location/installation of electrical and electronic components, the following degrees of
protection are required:
a) all components installed exterior to the truck or directly exposed to the environment shall have a minimum
degree of protection that corresponds to IP 55 (according to EN 60529:2001);
b) for all components installed in the operator's enclosed cab or protected against the environment, the
protection shall be designed and executed to safeguard intended function under expected and intended
conditions.
5.4.4 Electrical connections
The degree of protection of electrical and electronic components shall be at least IP56 for exposed parts, and
IP54 for enclosed parts (e.g. within the cab), in accordance with EN 60529.
This requirement does not apply to electrical circuits of anti-theft systems, when fitted.
5.4.5 Over-current protective devices
Electric equipment except the starter motor, alternator and combustion pre-heater, shall be protected with an
over–current device (e.g. fuse) or other device giving the same protection according to 7.2 of
EN 60204-32:2008.
5.4.6 Batteries
Batteries shall be securely mounted in a ventilated location. The location shall have easy access. Batteries
should be easily removable. The batteries shall be provided with handles and/or grips.
Batteries and/or battery locations shall be designed and built or covered to minimise any hazard to the
operator caused by battery acid or acid vapours in the event of overturning the truck.
Electrically energized wires and cables (not connected to the frame) and connectors shall be covered with
insulation material.
5.4.7 Battery disconnection
It shall be possible to disconnect batteries easily e.g. by a quick coupling or an accessible isolator switch. For
marking, see 7.4.10.
5.4.8 Electrical connector for auxiliary starting aids
If electrical connectors for an auxiliary starting aid or power supply are mounted on the truck, the connectors
shall comply with ISO 11862:1993.
5.5 Controls
5.5.1 General
a) The controls (hand levers, joysticks, pedals, switches, etc.) and indicators of the truck and attachment,
shall be designed, constructed and arranged in accordance with ISO 10968:2004, and shall be easily
accessed from the normal operator’s position.
b) They shall be clearly and indelibly identified, except where obvious (e.g., accelerator pedal), in
accordance with ISO 7000 and explained in the information for use (see 7.1.2). Each symbol shall be
affixed on or in close proximity to the control to which it applies.
c) Movement for activating functions and indicators shall correspond to the intended effect or common
practice whenever possible.
NOTE 1 Annex B and the ergonomic principals of EN 894-1 may be used as guidance.
d) Pedal operated travel and braking controls shall comply with Annex C.
e) For safety-related functions of control system(s), the principles outlined in EN ISO 13849-1 shall be
followed according to Table 2, or methods providing similar protection shall be applied.
NOTE 2 For electronic related systems, see 5.4.1.
f) Remote operator controlled systems fitted to trucks shall comply with the relevant requirements of
ISO 15817.
NOTE 3 ISO 6682 and ISO 10968 may be used as guidance.
5.5.1.1 Multiple operator’s positions
If more than one operator’s position is fitted, the use of the controls at one operator’s position shall preclude
the use of the controls at other operator’s positions, except the emergency stop, which shall be operable from
all active operator’s positions.
Emergency stop shall comply with EN ISO 13850.
5.5.1.2 Controls of trucks accessible from ground level
On trucks where controls are accessible from the ground, means shall be provided to minimise the possibility
of actuating the controls from the ground (e.g., protection by door, guard or by locking systems).
5.5.1.3 Inadvertent activation
Controls, that can cause a hazard due to inadvertent activation, shall be so arranged, deactivated or guarded
as to minimise the risk of injury, in particular when the operator gets into or out of the normal operator’s
position. The deactivation device shall either be self-acting or acting by compulsory activation of the relevant
device.
5.5.2 Differential locking
If the truck is equipped with a pedal-operated differential lock, depressing the pedal shall lock the differential.
If the truck is equipped with a differential lock that is engaged by other means (e.g., switch or hand lever), the
engaged and disengaged positions shall be clearly marked.
5.5.3 Steering controls
5.5.3.1 General
The steering mechanism shall be designed to ensure a proportional response to movement of the control.
5.5.3.2 Steering direction
a) For trucks with a steering wheel control, clockwise rotation of a steering wheel shall steer the truck to the
right when the truck is travelling in the forward direction.
On trucks with a crab-steering mode, clockwise rotation of the steering wheel shall move the truck to the right
when the truck is travelling in the forward direction and to the left when travelling in the reverse direction.
b) On trucks in which the steering is controlled by means of a single lever control, moving the lever to the
right shall cause the truck to be steered to the right when the truck is travelling in the forward direction.
c) On trucks with reversible control unit or dual controls, the requirements of 5.5.3.2 a) and b) shall be met
when the operator is facing the intended direction of forward travel.
5.5.3.3 Failure of power supply
For trucks with a maximum speed of less than or equal to 20 km/h, in the event of an interruption of the power
supplied to the steering system (including a dead engine), it shall be possible to maintain the path being
steered until the truck is brought to a stop.
Trucks with a maximum speed greater than 20 km/h shall meet the following requirements:
a) The emergency steering effort required to achieve a turning circle of 12 m radius, starting from the
straight ahead position, must not exceed 60 daN.
b) In order to check compliance with the requirement in i., the truck shall describe a spiral movement at a
speed of 10 km/h, starting from the straight ahead position, on a dry, flat road surface offering good tyre
adhesion. The steering effort on the steering control shall be noted until it reaches the position
corresponding to the truck entering a turning circle of 12 m radius. The duration of the manoeuvre (time
between the moment when the steering control is first operated and the moment when it reaches the
position where the measurements are taken) must not exceed eight seconds. One manoeuvre must be
made to the left and one to the right. The truck shall be tested at its operating mass according to
ISO 6016:2008, 3.2.1 with the attachment approved by the manufacturer which produces the greatest
load on the steered axle(s).and be tested in accordance with the specifications for emergency steering
system as provided in ISO 5010.
NOTE For the purpose of this clause, ISO 5010 can be used as guidance.
5.5.3.4 Strength of components
The steering control and its support members shall be capable of withstanding a force of 900 N in any
direction at the actuating means (e.g., steering wheel) without any functional damage or permanent
deformation.
5.5.3.5 Steering knobs
Steering knobs (if equipped) shall be capable of being reached by the operator’s hand from the top, and shall
be within the periphery of the steering wheel.
Steering knobs shall meet the requirements of 5.5.3.4.
5.5.4 Load handling controls
5.5.4.1 General
Controls shall return to neutral when released and stop load movements, except where otherwise specified in
this Standard.
The controls for the load handling functions shall be separated from the driving controls except the travel
direction control, which may be separated or not.
5.5.4.2 Controls with detents or maintained engagement
5.5.4.2.1 General
The boom float control and the auxiliary hydraulic control(s) (e.g. for concrete mixers, brooms, augers) may be
equipped with detents or other devices to maintain engagement of the function.
A visual indication that the detent is activated shall be provided to the operator.
The detent mode shall:
 be automatically deactivated when the truck is switched off and not be automatically activated when the
truck is switched on; or
 prevent the truck from being restarted until the detent mode is deactivated.
5.5.4.2.2 Boom float control
For trucks equipped with boom float control, unintended lowering of the boom shall be protected against.
In addition to 5.5.4.2.1, the boom float control mode shall be automatically deactivated when the boom
raising/lowering control is operated.
5.5.5 Multi-function controls
If a control is designed to perform more than one function, each separate function shall be clearly identified in
accordance with ISO 7000 in the operator’s station and explained in the information for use (see 7.1.2).
Visual indication shall be provided to inform the operator of the selected mode(s) of operation.
5.5.6 Stabilising device control
For trucks equipped with stabilising devices:
 stabilising device control shall be separated from the main boom control;
 controls for deployment and retraction of the stabilising devices shall be clearly marked;
 where independent or selectable controls for stabilising devices are provided, the left control shall operate
the left stabilising device, and the right control shall operate the right stabilising device;
 if selectable controls are provided, a middle position may operate both stabilising devices.
5.5.7 Sway/levelling control
For trucks equipped with operator-controlled lateral levelling, operating the control to the left shall cause the
truck to sway to the left, and operating the control to the right shall cause the truck to sway to the right.
5.5.8 Axle oscillation lock control
For trucks equipped with manual axle lock, lock/unlock control(s) shall be clearly marked.
5.6 Power systems and accessories
5.6.1 Exhaust system
The exhaust system shall be designed to direct engine exhaust emissions away from the primary operating
position(s) and passenger position(s), if any. Materials used in the vicinity of exhaust systems shall be non-
flammable and shall be chosen and protected so that they are not adversely affected by heat from the exhaust
system.
5.6.2 Cooling system
The cooling system shall be designed so as to prevent air flow through the system from being directed at the
operator and passenger position(s) if any, or so that the operator and passenger position(s) are shielded from
air flow through the system. The temperature of the shielding means shall not exceed 60 °C adjacent to the
operator and passenger position(s).
5.6.3 Tanks and pressure vessels
5.6.3.1 General
Fuel and hydraulic tanks shall be pr
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